• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.285-289
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 항공소프트웨어 인증 규정 발전 동향을 파악하고, 증강현실 및 가상현실 소프트웨어의 항공정비 산업 적용을 위해 항공에 최적화된 인증 규정을 소개한다. 이 규정은 항공정비 산업에 적용된 증강현실 및 가상현실 소프트웨어에 엄격한 인증 규정을 적용함으로써 항공정비 산업에 적용된 증강현실 및 가상현실 소프트웨어의 안정성과 신뢰성을 제공할 것으로 기대된다. 기존에 사용되는 DO-178B, DO-178C가 규정하기 힘든 문제들을 고려한 인증 규정을 제시하고자 한다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.118-122
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• 2024

To understand biosafety's current situation in laboratory animal research and risk factors affecting occupational health. Compliance surveys were conducted by questionnaire via Questionnaire Star (an application app on the Internet) in Chinese. Thirty-nine anonymous questionnaires were collected. The surveyed institution has established 24 types of ABSL (Animal Biosafety Laboratory) and biosafety management organizations and systems equipped with safety equipment. Our study also suggests that the principal of the laboratory establishment fails to perform supervision and inspection responsibilities, the inappropriate design of the animal biosafety laboratory, non-standardized personnel training and health management, non-strict waste management, and insufficient emergency management. The administrative department and work units should address certain safety and occupational health risks in laboratory animal research. The author proposes control strategies based on organizational guarantee, personnel management, emergency management, etc., to help prevent risks and ensure occupational health. Due to regional limitations and small sample size, the results may not be generalisable to all parts of the world. However, some of the key common issuesmay also be present in other regions, sowe believe that this research still has some relevance.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2020

이 연구는 코로나 19 확산에 따른 WHO의 마스크 사용 지침에 대한 한국 보건당국의 이행 및 불이행 내용을 분석하고 그것의 원인과 대안 선택의 결과를 도출하여 전염병 예방에서 지침의 한계와 연구의 함의를 제시하는데 목표가 있다. 이를 위해 국내·외 마스크 관련 문헌들을 고찰하고 WHO의 마스크 지침과 한국 보건당국의 마스크 권고사항을 분석대상으로 한다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국의 보건당국은 두 차례의 권고 사항에서 WHO의 "제한된 마스크 사용자 관점"을 기본적으로 수용하고 적용해왔다. 둘째, 한국의 보건당국은 마스크 수급이 부족해지면서 WHO 마스크 지침과는 상이한 이행을 하였다. 셋째, 한국의 보건당국은 보편적 마스크의 필요성에 따른 마스크 공급 안정화를 기반으로 코로나 19 초기 방역에 성공할 수 있었다. 넷째, WHO 마스크 지침에서 마스크 사용자 제한은 결과론적으로 지침으로서의 부분적 오류를 드러냈다. 분석에서 도출된 함의는 의학적 근거에 따른 국제 지침일지라도 일단 감염병 팬데믹 상황에선 국제 규칙의 엄격한 준수보다 각국의 방역상황 및 역량에 따라 자율적인 지침을 따르도록 허용할 필요가 있다는 점이다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.241-265
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• 2013

은행은 오직 서류만을 기초로, 서류가 문면상 일치하는 제시인지 여부를 심사하여야 하며, 물품이나 기초거래 또는 기타 거래관련 사항들을 심사할 필요는 없다. 은행은 제시서류의 형식 충분성 정확성 진정성 위조 여부 또는 법적효력에 대하여 어떠한 의무나 책임도 지지 아니한다. 본 논문의 연구 목적은 신용장거래에서 은행의 서류 심사에 관하여 고찰하는바, 특히 국제상업회의소(ICC)가 제정한 신용장통일규칙(Uniform Customs and Practices for Documentary Credit, 2007 Revision, ICC Publication No.600)과 국제표준은행관행(International Standard Banking Practice, ISBP Publication No.745), Banking Committee의 견해 및 영국의 판례를 중심으로 연구를 진행하였다. 그동안 신용장에 대하여는 그 중요성만큼이나 다양한 분야에서 연구가 진행되어 왔으며, 특히 은행의 서류심사 기준과 요건, 서류심사표준과 불일치서류 제시에 따른 효과, 사기의 문제 및 수익자의 일치하는 제시에 따른 개설은행의 의무 등 다수의 논문이 발표되었다. 선행연구와의 차별성에 관하여, 본 논문은 은행의 서류심사 시 고려사항과 서류불일치에 따른 은행의 조치를 중심으로 UCP600 규정(UCP500과의 비교)의 해석은 물론 2013년 발행된 ISBP745와 다수의 외국판례를 분석 고찰함으로써 실무당사자들에게 필요한 사전지식과 정보를 제공하는데 의의를 두었다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.721-730
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• 2020

This study investigates the impact of the country's governance on the revenue efficiency of 108 Islamic banks from 26 countries offering Islamic banking and finance products services. The technical efficiencies of individual Islamic banks have been analyzed using the Data Envelopment Analysis method. The data will be pooled across the selected countries and utilize the intermediation approach. The Ordinary Least Square estimation method is employed to examine the impact of country supervision and regulation on the technical efficiency of Islamic banks. As robustness check, the study examines the impact of the level of bank regulations and supervision on the efficiency of Islamic banks operating in different income-level countries. The results found that the stricter the supervisory power, the less strict capital requirement, the tighter the restrictions on non-banking activities, and the stricter the private monitoring enhance statistically significantly the level of efficiency of Islamic banks. In upgrading the regulations and supervision of the Islamic banks, the existing regulatory framework based on the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) must be complemented with the prescriptions on Islamic banking or Shariah compliance diligently, so that the Islamic banks could be regulated accurately and further improve the technical efficiency of their operations.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2014

Objectives: This study intends to determine the current status of management of personal protective equipment fume hoods in university laboratories. Methods: A walk-through survey of 402 labs in Gyeongbuk Province and Daegu Metropolitan City were carried out between May 2009 and July 2010. Respectively, 348 and 54 laboratories were examined in Gyeongbuk Province and Daegu. Results: In size, labs serving over 15,000 student made up the majority with 276(66.4%). In terms of major, engineering labs were the highest in number with 100(24.9%). As to personal protective equipment, a gas mask and a dust mask were available in 17.8% and 14.3% of the labs, respectively, but 68.9% of labs were equipped with protective goggles. Meanwhile, only 12.7% of labs had separate protective equipment storage boxes. About 60% of the labs had installed a fume hood, of which the average capture velocity was 0.37 m/sec. Conclusions: For toxic substances, the labs are obliged to provide personal protective equipment in in accordance with the Occupational Safety and Health Act. In addition, the capture velocity of fume hoods must be in strict compliance in order to prevent occupational diseases due to toxic chemicals.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.416-421
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• 2005

Objective: Despite general agreement on the goals of surgical treatment in thoracolumbar burst fractures, considerable controversy exists regarding the choice of operative techniques. This study is to evaluate the efficacy of short-segment fixation for thoracolumbar burst fractures after long-term follow-up and to analyze the causes of treatment failures. Methods: 48 out of 60 patients who underwent short-segment fixation for thoracolumbar burst fractures between January 1999 and October 2002 were enrolled in this study. Their neurological status, radiological images, and hospital records were retrospectively reviewed. Simple radiographs were evaluated to calculate kyphotic angles and percentages of anterior body compression (%ABC). Results: The average kyphotic angles were $20.0^{\circ}$ preoperatively, $9.6^{\circ}$ postoperatively, and $13.1^{\circ}$ at the latest follow-up. The average %ABC were 47.3% preoperatively, 31.2% postoperatively, and 33.3% at the latest follow-up. The treatment failure, defined as correction loss by $10^{\circ}$ or more or implant failure, was detected in 6 patients (12.5%). 5 out of 6 patients had implant failures. 2 out of 5 patients were related with osteoporosis, and the other 2 were related with poor compliance of spinal bracing. 3 patients with poor initial postoperative alignment had implant failure. 4 patients with screws only on the adjacent vertebrae and not on the injured vertebra itself showed poor initial and overall correction. Conclusion: With proper patient selection, adequate intraoperative reduction with screw fixation involving the injured vertebra, and strict postoperative spinal bracing, the short-segment fixation is an efficient and safe method in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fracture.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 시청자들의 방송심의에 대한 인식유형을 도출하고 그 특성을 분석하는 동시에, 시청자들에게 나타나는 인식 반응의 비일관성을 체계적으로 파악하는 것이다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 설문조사 자료를 이용하여 요인분석과 군집분석 등 통계적 방법으로 방송심의 활동에 대한 시청자들의 인식유형을 구분하여 그 특성을 분석하였다. 시청집단별 인식유형은 '엄격기준 적극심의 선호형' 등 6개 유형으로 분류하였다. 6개 유형 가운데 3개 유형이 적극적인 심의를 선호하는 유형으로 나타나고 있다. 이중 '최저기준 적극심의 선호형' 집단은 심의기준 항목의 중요성을 가장 낮게 평가하면서도, 심의활동은 강화되어야 한다는 논리적으로 모순된 인식과 반응을 보이고 있다. 시사점은 방송심의 활동에 대한 시청자의 인식 유형을 통계적 방법을 활용하여 체계적으로 분류하고, 그 특성을 구체적으로 분석, 향후 심의에 대한 시청자들의 인식과 요구를 보다 과학적으로 파악할 수 있는 기초를 마련한 것이라고 볼 수 있다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.323-352
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• 1998

Documentary letters of credit including standby letters of credit are governed by the independence or abstraction rule and the doctrine of strict compliance. Since the former rule requires the issuing bank to honor the drafts regardless of the defective performance of the underlying contract, the applicant(the customer) will be without a remedy if he is unable to make himself whole by litigation on the underlying contract. Therefore, the applicant is exposed to a risk much higher than in the commercial letters of credit. The Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credit(UCP) has no provisions allowing legal relief for the applicant on the abuse of L/C by unscrupulous beneficiary, but UCC ${\S}5-114$ has provision allowing injunctive relief for the applicant. In this paper, I attempted to clarify certain standards of injunctive relief available for the customer in the credit. When there is fraud in the L/C transaction by any of the parties concerned, we must weigh the principle of independence or abstraction and the fraud rules. According to banking practice and judicial precedence, we need not keep the principle of independence and abstaction even in fraudulent transaction and the bona fide sufferer must be protected. The purpose of this paper is to review the studies of Fraud rule and the Injunction and to suggest the applicable standards for the Injunction therory under letters of credit. Specially this paper analysed the following ; (1) the guideline for the fraud (exception) rule to the autonomy principle, (2) the appilcable standards of the Injunction, and (3) the implications on parties concerned in letters of credit transaction. Conclusively, the Injunction should be granted if (1) there is clear proof of fraud (2) the fraud constitutes fraudulent abuse if the independent purpose of L/C (3) irreparble injury might follow if injunction is not granted or the recovery of damages would be seriously endangered.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.298-305
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• 2011

Objectives: There has been a great amount of controversy in the food industry over the effectiveness of using gloves. The objectives of this study were to examine the microbial contamination of food handlers' hands and determine if using gloves could ensure safe handling of foods. Methods: Samples were collected through the glove-juice method from the bare and gloved hands of food handlers at work and were analyzed for the presence of aerobic plate counts, total coliform, fecal coliform, Escherichiacoli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp. Microbiological testing was conducted according to the Food Code of Korea. Results: Microbial contamination was consistently higher with bare hands than with gloved hands, although the microbial loads on both hands increased over time. Under certain conditions, there were significant differences between the bacterial loads on bare and on gloved hands (p<0.05). E. coli, S. aureus, and Salmonella spp. were still alive on both bare and gloved hands at the time the food handlers finished their work. Conclusions: Wearing gloves was associated with a marked reduction of bacterial contamination of the hands. However, the practice of continuously wearing gloves during food handling increases the potential for cross-contamination of bacteria. The findings of this study emphasize the need for a rational use of gloves, and strict adherence to hand hygiene compliance among food handlers.