• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.212-216
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• 2011

Objective : It is well known that plate-to-disc distance (POD) is closely related to adjacent-level ossification following anterior cervical plate placement. The study was undertaken to compare the outcomes of two different anterior cervical plating methods for degenerative cervical condition. Specifically, the new method involves making holes for plate screws first with an air drill and then choosing a plate size. The other method was standard, that is, decide on the plate size first, locate the plate on the anterior vertebral body, and then drilling the screw holes. Our hypothesis was that the new technical tip may increase POD as compared with the standard anterior cervical plating procedure. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 49 patients who had a solid fusion after anterior cervical arthrodesis with a plate for the treatment of cervical disc degeneration. Twenty-three patients underwent the new anterior cervical plating technique (Group A) and 26 patients underwent the standard technique (Group B). POD and ratios between POD to anterior body heights (ABH) were measured using postoperative lateral radiographs. In addition, operating times and clinical results were reviewed in all cases. Results : The mean durations of follow-up were $16.42{\pm}5.99$ (Group A) and $19.83{\pm}6.71$ (Group B) months, range 12 to 35 months. Of these parameters mentioned above, cephalad POD (5.43 versus 3.46 mm, p=0.005) and cephalad POD/ABH (0.36 versus 0.23, p=0.004) were significantly greater in the Group A, whereas operation time for two segment arthrodesis (141.9 versus 170.6 minutes, p=0.047) was significantly lower in the Group A. There were no significant difference between the two groups in caudal POD (5.92 versus 5.06 mm), caudal POO/ABH (0.37 versus 0.32) and clinical results. Conclusion : The new anterior cervical plating method represents an improvement over the standard method in terms of cephalad plate-to-disc distance and operating time.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 NATM으로 시공되는 산악터널의 시공과정에서 실측된 여굴, 숏크리트의 리바운드 및 투입율에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 터널굴착 직후 굴착단면에 대한 여굴 크기를 조사한 결과 평균 여굴의 크기는 약 28.5cm 이며, 허용 여굴의 약 260%의 값을 보였다. 숏크리트의 리바운드는 평균 약 7.2% 정도로 측정되었는데 이는 일반적인 설계규정인 15% 보다 작은 값이다. 여굴 및 숏크리트 타설 중에 발생한 리바운드로 인하여 터널공사에 실제로 투입된 숏크리트 물량은 설계대비 약 116.5%의 값을 보였다. 자료분석에 의하면 숏크리트의 설계대비 실제투입율은 RMR(Rock Mass Rating)이나 터널 표준지보패턴과는 어느 정도 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 이에 비해 여굴은 RMR 값이나 표준지보패턴과는 상관성이 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 표준지보패턴만에 의해 허용 여굴의 크기를 규정하는 현행 터널설계기준에 대한 재검토가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구 결과를 통하여 분석된 여굴 및 숏크리트 투입량에 대한 고찰결과를 보고하고자 한다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.575-583
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• 1999

Abstract The purpose of this study was to propose a new size-spec. which was applied to four frontal bodytype -X, Y, A and H type-of adult women. Control dimensions of the upper garments were stature bust girth and hip girth. And those of lower garments were waist girth and hip girth. To establish the interval of the control dimensions means and standard deviations were used. By distributing the data of 486 subjects a new size-spec. was proposed. According to the new size-spec. in case of upper garments about 45.7% of subjects were covered by 37 size-speces. and lower garments about 85.9% were covered by 36 The strong point of new size-spec. is to consider the formal feature of each bodytypes. So by trying to apply the new size-spec. to rady-made garments comfort and fitness of those are satisfied.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2002년도 학술.기술논문발표회
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• pp.51-54
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• 2002

This study is intended to investigate an influence of the kinds and the maximum size of aggregate on the compressive strength of small size core specimen. According to the results, the compressive strength of standard specimen is large in order of basalt, granite and limestone aggregate, and shows increasing tendency as the maximum size of aggregate grows large. The compressive strength of concrete using basalt aggregate shows similar tendency to granite aggregate, and that of concrete using limestone aggregate decreases slightly, compared with granite aggregate. The reducing ratio of the compressive strength of 25mm core specimen is least when the maximum size of aggregate is 10mm. But the compressive strength of 50 and 100mm core specimen is almost not influenced by the maximum size of aggregate.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to study the degree of consciousness and satisfaction of body cathexis of high school girls' lower bodyshape. The subjects in this study were 296 high school girls. The results were as follows : 1. The degree of satisfactions of girth items in lower part of the body were influenced by real body size than ideal body size. But the degree of satisfaction of weight was influenced by ideal body size and height was influenced by real size body. 2. The high school girls thought ideal body shape was tall in height, long in leg, slim in girth and light in weight. Therefore, they wanted to have slimmer, longer, and lighter body size than real body size. 3. The high school girls were more satisfied with lean body type than with standard body type or with obesity body type. Therefore they wanted to be lean body type.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.199-220
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the score data released by the Korea Institute of Curriculum and Evaluation to find out the problems with the current scoring system provided by the College Scholastic Ability Test and to suggest improvement measures to solve these problems. Methods: We calculated the descriptive statistics of the standard scores using the frequency distribution table of the standard scores and identified the characteristics of the standard scores by expressing the distribution as a graph. Also, we developed an index to evaluate whether each stanine level was stably assigned and calculated the indexes for each area/subject by using the data on the number of examinees for each level. Results: We found that the relationship of conversion from raw scores to integerized standard scores is different depending on the size of the standard deviation of the raw scores, and identified the problem that the raw score information is not fairly reflected in the calculation of the percentile and level as the two raw scores are converted to one standard score. This problem can be solved by calculating the standard score to a decimal point. Conclusion: In this study, as a way to improve the quality of the scores of the current CSAT, the standard score and percentile decimal notation, the specific regulations of the standard score and stanine level calculation method, and the expansion of the open range of the scores were suggested.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.274-278
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• 1999

토성 조사 특히 토양 중의 점토 함량의 측정은 토양과 관련된 연구에서 흔히 이루어지는 분석이다. 본 연구에 관련된 연구에서 흔히 이루어지는 분석이다. 본 연구에서는 현재까지 점토 함량 측정에 널리 이용되고 있는 표준 hydrometer법이나 pipette법과 비교하여 보다 간편하고 신속한 분석법으로 제안되어 있는 micro-pipette법의 이용 가능성을 검토하였다. Micro-pipette법과 hydrometer법으로 측정된 점토 함량은 유의성이 높은 1:1의 상관관계를 가졌으며. micro-pipette법치 분석의 정밀도는 hydrometer법에 비교하여 크게 떨어지지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 micro-pipette법은 짧은 침강 시간과 작은 침강 용기를 사용함으로써 작은 실험실 공간에서 많은 시료를 분석할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.3-10
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• 1973

This study was carried out to examine the characeristics of waste sanders(S)from. plywood and pre-finishing plywood surface sanding and double saw finishing, as a new extander in urea-formaldehyde resin(UFR) in plywood adhesive, and to focus, adhesive strength using the glue extended with milled sanders(MS) as extender, leveling the optimum amount of MS to be added, and examining the physical properties of glue extended MS & S. Also economical good feasibility of substitution for wheat flour(WF) with MS as a new extender is analyzed and presented in details. Selecting three standard samples of 80, 100 and 180 mesh, sorking them in distilled water at $20^{\circ}C$, 24 hours, redrying at $105^{\circ}C$ and rescreening the sample with standard screen, again, the 3 samples of 80, 100, and 180 mesh are passed 23 percent through 80 mesh sander standard sample 27 percent through on 100 mesh and only 10.9 percent through 180 mesh, respectively. The particle size of retained parts are greater in size of redried form. It seems undoubtly that particles to be extended in glue are got swollen and become greater in size and coarser in shape. The shape of fresh S particles are irregular thin needle with small scale, as shown in Figure 5. PFS are so finer than plywood S that only 9.8 percent of the S retained on 100 mest screen, 24. 30 percent on 100-160 mesh, and 65.9% on 160-180 mesh. But particle size of the fresh S is large enough to make the viscosity of glue direct extended with S too high to apply it glue spreader. The glue extended with milled sanders(MS). 3 hours milled PFS or 6 hours milled plywood S, having particle sizes shown in Tables 7 and 8, as ratio of Reain/MS/WF/water: 100/8/8/10, indicate good viscosity of 16 to 24 ps, as shown in Figure 5, for applying direct to glue spreader, have high tensile-shear strength (adhesive strength), 102.4 kp/$cm^2$, and 94 percent wood failure.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.913-927
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• 2017

This study is based on the results of the $7^{th}$ Korea Human Size Survey (Size Korea). The standard body shapes of Korean women between 25 and 34 years old were analyzed and used to develop a prototype princess line for wedding dresses. or this purpose I conducted a literature review and a survey of the actual situation of domestic ligaments. In order to select suitable ligaments for the standard body type of 25~34 year-old Korean women, I collected the most representative ligaments from around the world: Stock man from France, Superior from the USA, KIIYA from Japan, and Pig and Nonno from Korea. They were then compared and analyzed. In the form of a formal wedding dress, a prototype princess line was developed by a draping technique in order to finely implement the human body fitting. To develop the prototype of the princess line, I made test garments with muslin. 25 to 34 years old Korean female standard body type Three human subjects close to the average measurement value were selected as subjects. An exterior appearance evaluation questionnaire was created with 28 questions focusing on the main parts of the prototype princess line. The clothes were evaluated three times. In this study, aesthetic and functional elements were considered for the development of princess line prototypes for wedding dresses. In addition, the amount of spare area was given differently. This study is significant in the achievement of a dress line closest that closely matches the human body line of the standard Korean female body type.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2006

This paper aims to suggest ways of institutionally improving standards that must be applied when installing Water Reclamation/Reuse (WRR) system based on efficiency analysis. Currently, the standard for WRR system establishment requires that the system should treat more than 10% of used water in the building of over $60,000m^2$ in total area of all floors, but our research has found that it would be more effective to change the standard to $150-m^3-per-day$ reclaimed water or the total area of all floors of $30,000m^2$ ($50,000m^2$ in the case of an office building). In other words, what this paper suggests is not a one-size-fits-all standard based on the total area of all floors, but a reasonable and flexible standard that takes into account efficiency and a unit water usage according to a building's purpose. Furthermore, this paper recommends a new WRR standard that can be applied to large-scale land development for housinglots, like the New Town. The recommendation is based on the economic analysis that the WRR system will ensure efficiency only if the amount of reclaimed water is over 4,000 tons per day, which corresponds to 4 millions square meters of housinglots. Regarding the size of the established facility, this paper suggests changing the standard, which is now set at over 10% of water usage, to what is relative to the total amount of use of reclaimed water in order to ensure efficiency and promote use of reclaimed water. In addition, this paper proposes that governmental support should be offered not only to facility owners, who are recipients at present, but also to facility builders. By doing so, those who donate a facility to the government, central or local, after building it, can be provided with substantial aid. Therefore, the application of the institutional improvement suggested in this paper is expected to create environment-friendly living conditions and boost the quality of life by encouraging people to secure water resources efficiently in buildings, and in a wider range, in cities.