• ALGAE
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2004

Nuclear DNA contents of spermatia from eight ceramiacean and four dasyacean algae (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) and microspores from two land plants were estimated by fluorescence microscopic image processing and their nuclear SSU rDNA sequence data were analyzed. In frequency distribution patterns, the DAPI-stained nuclear volume (NV) of spermatia showed two peaks corresponding to 1C and 2C. Nuclear 2C DNA contents estimated from NV were 0.45-2.31 pg in ceramiacean and 0.40-0.57 pg in dasyacean algae and 8.42-9.51 pg in two land plants, Capsicum annuum and Nicotiana tabacum. By nuclear patterning of vegetative cells derived from an apical cell, 2C DNA contents of spermatia were 2.31 pg in an alga having uninucleate and non-polyploid nucleus (Aglaothamnion callophyllidicola), 0.45-1.94 pg in algae having uninucleate and polyploid nucleus (Antithamnion spp. and Pterothamnion yezoense), and 0.40-0.62 pg in algae having multinucleate and non-polyploid nuclei (Griffithsia japonica and dasyacean algae). Each mature spermatium and microspore (pollen grain) seemed to have a 2C nucleus, which may provide a genetic buffering system to protect the genetic content of a spermatium and microspore from potentially lethal mutations. Nuclear DNA content and SSU rDNA sequence of Antithamnion sparsum from Korea were reasonably different from those of Antithamnion densum from France. The data did not support the previous taxonomic studies that these two taxa could be conspecific.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1969

According to the mode of development of antheridia and antheridial mother cells, the antheridium formation of Rhodymeniales is divided into two types. I. Separate Type; Antheridial mother cells are separate one another. Antheridia and the mother cell are surrounded by the common wall. The superficial gelatinous wall covering antheridial sori disappears during the antheridium formation. Spermatia are comparatively large. Halosaccion saccatum, H. firmum, Rhodymenia palmata and Rh. marginicrassa. II. Seriate Type; Antheridial mother cells, originated from the same epidermal cell, are seriate one another with a pit-connection. Antheridia and the mother cell do not have the common wall. The superficial gelatinous wall remains during the antheridium formation. Spermatia are comparatively small. Rhodymenia intricata, Rh. pertusa, Chrysymenia wrightii, Lomentaria hakodatensis, L. catenata, Binghamia californica and Champia parvula.

• ALGAE
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.389-404
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• 2020

Red algal fertilization is unusual and offers a different model to the mechanism of intracellular transport of nuclei and polyspermy blocking. A female carpogonium (egg) undergoes plasmogamy with many spermatia (sperm) simultaneously at the receptive structure, trichogyne, which often contains numerous male nuclei. The pattern of selective transport of a male nucleus to the female nucleus, located in the cell body of the carpogonium, remain largely unknown. We tracked the movement of spermatial nuclei and cell organelles in the trichogyne after plasmogamy using time-lapse videography and fluorescent probes. The fertilization process of Bostrychia moritziana is composed of five distinctive stages: 1) gamete-gamete binding; 2) mitosis in the attached spermatia; 3) formation of a fertilization channel; 4) migration of spermatial nuclei into the trichogyne; and 5) cutting off of the trichogyne cytoplasm from the rest of the cell after karyogamy. Our results showed that actin microfilaments were involved in the above steps of fertilization, microtubules are involved only in spermatial mitosis. Time-lapse videography showed that the first ("primary") nucleus which entered to trichogyne moved quickly to the base of carpogonium and fused with the female nucleus. The transport of the primary male nucleus to the egg nucleus was complete before its second nucleus migrated into the trichogyne. Male nuclei from other spermatia stopped directional movement soon after the first one entered the carpogonial base and oscillated near where they entered trichogyne. The cytoplasm of the trichogyne was cut off at a narrow neck connecting the trichogyne and carpogonial base after gamete nuclear fusion but gamete binding and plasmogamy continued on the trichogyne. Spermatial organelles, including mitochondria, entered the trichogyne together with the nuclei but did not show any directional movement and remained close to where they entered. These results suggest that polyspermy blocking in B. moritziana is achieved by the selective and rapid transport of the first nucleus entered trichogyne and the rupture of the trichogyne after gamete karyogamy.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.72-73
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• 1980

The spermagonial state of Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisher appeared on the discolored bark of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sieb. & Zucc.) from late August through middle of October in Korea. A large number of ellipsoid or ovoid spermatia were contained in the spermagonial exudates that appeared on the bark of infected trees. In the spring (April-May) following the appearance of spermagonia, aecia broke through that part of the bark which had been occupied by spermagonia the year before.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.359-364
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• 2003

동해안에 있어 긴잎돌김은 우점종으로 조간대 상부지역에 서식하며 10월에 발생하여 3월에 소멸하였다. 10월에 영양세포로 육안 및 조직 절단에 의한 검색에서 성숙되지 않았다. 11월 중순경부터 육안으로는 암.수배우체가 구분되지 않았으나 조직 절단한 결과, 조정기와 조과기을 형성하고 있었다. 12월 초순부터 육안으로 암.수배우체가 확연히 구분되기 시작하였고, 2월경부터 성숙과 더불어 정자낭과 과포자낭의 방출로 점차 엽장의 길이가 줄어드는 추세를 보였다. 3월 초순경에는 색상이 퇴색되고 엽체 가변부에 녹아 내리는 현상이 나타나기 시작하여, 정자방출이 완료되었다. 12월 3일에 암컷의 평균 엽장은 113.0$\pm$6.8mm, 평균 엽폭은15.3$\pm$1.3mm로 나타났다. 수배우체의 평균엽장은 83.2$\pm$5.4mm, 평균엽폭은 16.8$\pm$1.9mm로 나타났다. 1월 28일 경에는 암배우체의 평균 엽장은 94.6$\pm$6.4mm로 엽폭은 29.1mm$\pm$5.1로 커졌다. 수배우체의 경우에 평균 엽장이 107.8$\pm$7.3mm, 평균 엽폭은 25.9$\pm$0.9mm로 엽장과 엽폭이 반비례되는 현상이 나타났다.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제5권
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• pp.127-133
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• 1987

콩과목초(科牧草) 균핵병균(菌核病菌) S. trifoliorum의 완전세대 형성과정중 수정(受精)의mechanism과 그 시기를 밝히고 균핵(菌核)내부의 해부학적(解剖學的) 구조변화의 양상(樣相)을 실험한 결과는 다음과 같이 요약된다. 본 실험에 공시(供試)한 S계통(系統)의 균주(菌株)에 있어서 수정가능상태(受精可能狀態)에의 도달은 균핵(菌核)을 포화습도(飽和濕度) 15C에 치상(置床)한 후 18일 경인 것으로 밝혀졌으며 수정가능상태(受精可能狀態)는 일부의 균핵(菌核)에서 치상(置床) 후(後) 45일 경까지 지속되는 것으로 나타났다. 본(本) 균(菌)의 균핵(菌核)이 수정가능상태에 달하게 되면 균핵(菌核)의 교배형(交配型)과 관계없이 그 내부에 염색성(染色性)이 강한 균계집단(菌系集團)이 출현하였는데 이들의 진전과정을 homothallic 계통(系統)과 heterothallic 계통(系統)에서 비교 검토한 결과, ascogonium으로 판단할 수 있었다. 이들 ascogonium은 치상 후 약 45일 경까지 지속적으로 관찰되었으나 치상 39일 경부터 퇴화되어 가는 것이 관찰되었다. 균핵내부에서의 ascogonium의 출현 지속기간과 균핵의 수정가능기간이 서로 잘 부합되었다.