• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.25-35
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• 2015

Purpose: Signs that are installed at unnoticeable places or that disconnect before the destination can bring errors of location information delivery. Therefore, this study aims to find out the spatial relation between structure of space and signs in the perspective of visual exposure possibility, operating arrangement and assesment by applying spatial structure theory. Methods: Effectiveness of organization of guidance signs was evaluated after the four way-finding factors(Plan Configuration, Sign System, Perceptual Access, Architectural Difference) that G.D.Weisman suggested were interpreted by spatial structure theory(J-Graph analysis, Space Syntax, Visual Graph Analysis) under the premise that it is closely related to the structure of space. Results: 1) Because the south corridor that connects each department of outpatient division is located in the hierarchy center of the space, and walking density is expected to be high, guidance signs need to be organized at the place with high integration value. 2) The depth to the destination space can be estimated through J-Graph analysis. The depth means a switch of direction, and the guidance signs are needed according to the number. 3) According to visibility graph analysis, visual exposure can be different in the same hierarchy unit space according to the shape of the flat surface. Based on these data, location adjustment of signs is possible, and the improvement effect can be estimated quantitatively. Implications: Spatial structure theory can be utilized to design and evaluate sign systems, and it helps to clearly understand the improvement effect. It is desirable to specify design and estimation of sign systems in the order of J-Graph analysis${\rightarrow}$Space Syntax Theory${\rightarrow}$visibility graph analysis.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.3
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• pp.117-144
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• 2000

Not only has there been movement along the sectoral continuum, Johnston argues, but changes in the spatial balance of policing are also visible. More concretely, he suggests that British policing has been undergoing a century-long process that has gathered pace since the 1960s. Three factors have been central to this process. First, legislative centralization brought about by the Police Act 1964 - which established the tripartite structure for police governance and amalgamated forces - and the Local Government Act 1972 which reorganized local government. Secondly, the political and industrial unrest of the 1970s and early 1980s led to the establishment of new levels of national police co-operation and, in the words of one author, to the establishment of a 'de facto national police force'. Thirdly, increasing European influence has further internationalized police co-operation and organization. Johnston concludes that the spatial restructuring that appears to be taking place in British policing is indicative of a broader process of fragmentation of social structures and systems for maintaining order.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.13D no.3 s.106
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• pp.325-336
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• 2006

For supporting LBS service, recent studies on spatial network databases (SNDB) have been done actively. In order to gain good performance on query processing in SNDB, we, in this paper. design efficient storage and index structures for spatial network data, point of interests (POIs), and moving objects on spatial networks. First, we design a spatial network file organization for maintaining the spatial network data itself consisting of both node and edges. Secondly, we design a POI storage and index structure which is used for gaining fast accesses to POIs, like restaurant, hotel, and gas station. Thirdly, we design a signature-based storage and index structure for efficiently maintaining past, current, and expected future trajectory information of moving objects. Finally, we show that the storage and index structures designed in this paper outperform the existing storage structures for spatial networks as well as the conventional trajectory index structures for moving objects.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.336-342
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• 2012

Chinese society, which maintained the feudal social system, has taken an isolationist policy in response to the Western aggression since $20^{th}$ century. However, in the wake of the Opium War of 1840, China had actively accepted Western culture, not in just politics and economy, but in diverse area of social property. Since these process, the modernization of China had begun and the Chinese museum has been erected and evolved through the process of it. And it can be deducted that the philosophy of socialist society had a considerable influence on the spatial configuration of the Chinese museum since it was at the heart of china's modernization. And another social shift has been made since 2000 that is regarded as the internationalization of China. It brought a new point of de-structuralism to the society since 2000 and it is leading the changes of various areas of culture and arts, including museology in Chinese society. The purpose of this study is to understand what changes have been made to the museums in China since 2000 and how the internationalization of China is engaged with this it, in terms of the spatial structure of a museum. To do this the study examined the spatial changes of the museum in the mathematical approach including Space Syntax tool and it was engaged with the changes of museum type. Throughout the study, it was concluded that spatial structure of museums in china has been changed from structural organization to de-structural one since 2000 of China's internationalization.

• Vacuum Magazine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2018

Phase transition is not unique to solid state systems or homogeneous molecular systems but it is also observed in highly heterogeneous biological systems. Phase transition and phase separation in cells are recently being found to be central to many biological functions by temporarily and locally controlling the storage and exchange of certain proteins and RNAs. There are also clues suggesting them to be playing pivotal roles in the spatial organization of chromosomes into topological domains and its time-dependent control. Here we introduce early efforts to explain at the molecular level how the spatiotemporal organization of chromosomes are programmed and modulated by the sequence and chemical modifications of the DNA. Continuing works may provide a physical framework to understand the molecular level control of chromosome structure and dynamics that determine the epigenetic state and the fate of the cells.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.137-147
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• 2011

This study aims to find out the construction process and planning characteristics of Suwon and Hwa-sung in 18th century from the point of water system. This study has an explanatory approach. The planning intents in the water system was driven out by analyzing various planning elements in relation to water system in the process of constructing Hwa-sung in 18th century. Using Entire Map of Hwa-sung, land registration map made in 1911 and topographic map of 1/10,000 scale made in 1917, water system and interpretation of spatial structure in Hwa-sung were analyzed. The results are as follows(Planning characteristics of the water system in Haw-sung in 18th century are as follows). Firstly, in determining the spatial structure and location of Hwa-sung, water system had an important role. Secondly, integrated drainage system was planned by the organization of natural and artificial water stream. Thirdly, the main street system and land use structure were planned in relation with water system. Fourthly, territoriality of main area was planned with water stream. Fifthly, ponds were constructed for flood control and they had important role as landscape elements. Sixthly, water stream was used as intentional BiBo element. As a result of the study, the weater system of Hwa-sung in 18th century was planned by the organization of natural and artificial water stream in relation with the location of new town and wide area's spatial structure, street system, land use structure, territoriality of main area, terriflood control, water quality protection, landscape, 비보 and urban daily life.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2008

After researching 40 rural areas named 'valley' in Goesan County, Chungbuk Province, they are classified by 2 two classes. Firstly, villages located on the crossways valley are 22 of 40, they are located on the valley which is at right angles with a direction of light of a mountain range. A closed valley location is placed in the deep valley against a background mountain range. It is divided with closed large valley and small valley. Secondly, an open valley location style is 14 of 40. It means the villages are paralleled with a direction of mountain and located with same direction of entrance. This study is carried out to understand the characteristic of location in vernacular agricultural villages by judging from natural environment around the village. For this purpose, there were selected 3 villages of the valley categirized villages in Geosan Area which lean against valley. After classifying these sample by the morphorogical approach, according to compare them with pre-researched villages, the methodology of spatial structure was investigated in agriculture villages.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.36-48
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• 2016

This paper analyzed the process of modernization in terms of the social structure in Geomundo. Before modernization, social structure in Geomundo was traditional society by a village unit. A village had community rituals and organization. There were independent parallel spatial structure among villages. In the early Japanese colonial period, 'forced modernization' had been occurred by Japanese immigrants settling in a separate living space. The modernization was transplanted in a new established village and diffused into other villages. In the process of forced modernization, the connection among villages was reinforced, as the result of that modern social organization was emerged, and the characteristics of community rituals had been changed. During modernization indigenization period, advanced fishery technology and distribution system occurred capitalist production system helping to place modern norms in the general daily life. In the late Japanese colonial period, aided organizations from local government and informal organizations reversed the trend of modernization through helping colonial exploitation policy. The spatial structure in Geomundo had become to hierarchical structure with intensified connectivity as the result of extensive spread of community territory. Modernization in Japanese colonial period was 'forced modernization' and could not re-established the community spirits. The community spirit has been broken up by dissolving the existing self regulating and self motivated organization.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.11 no.4 s.29
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• pp.17-24
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• 2005

The sustainable development of local communities is faced with limitation due to poor infrastructure and lack of cooperation among stake-holders. To overcome such circumstances and thus to ensure balanced development of the local communities, the central government is driving construction of innovative cities mainly through transfer of public institutions to local cities. In this study, to contribute to the development of plans for the future agropolis' associated with the transfer of public institutions, efficient organization mechanisms of the agropolis such as basic structure and spatial allocation was examined through analyses of advanced cases(Sophia Antipolis, St. Hyacinthe Science Part Food Valley, Stoneleigh Park) of foreign countries. The analyses showed that the organization of agropolis were consisted of three main components; 1) agricultural and food industry complex conducting R&D, 2) service facilities(information, trade, consulting and advertisement) supporting agricultural and food industries and rural enterprise center in charge of a variety of events including exhibition, rural experience, education, and contest, 3) silver facilities such as hospital and town providing medical service and residence. Based on the results, inventories of facilities which are necessary in 'the future agropolis' and their spatial allocation were suggested.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.33
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• pp.11-18
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• 2002

There is an agreement that sociocultural forces affect on the types of arts. There have been a little attempts to draw analogy between architecture and music. There are many objective and subjective factors for this to be true. If, however, the two arts are out of much the same social conditions, they show a degree of conformity in design and general organization. Our study shows the interrelationship between the Residential Space and structure of music. In order to clarify the interrelationship between architecture and music, the study examines ten Residential Spaces suggested by Yi-Jinkyung. The Residential Spaces are analyzed by using theory of Space Syntax. The structure of music is analyzed by tonality, counterpoint and harmony. The comparison between the Residential Spaces and music follows : From Renaissance to the 19th century, they have the same tendency to 1) openness & closure to the outer space and 2) the netting diagram in the inner space & Counterpoint 3) the tree diagram in the space & Harmony