• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.295-302
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to research the purchasing traits and the wearing satisfaction of ski wears to provide the data needed to design ski wears to the related industries. This survey was performed during 2003's and 2004's winter with the 157 questionnaires containing 16 items of purchasing traits, 8 of design satisfaction, 12 of purchasing satisfaction and 13 of satisfaction of using convenience. The data were analysed with the frequency, the percentile, $X^2$-test, the average, the standard deviation and t-test through comparing with the groups of general people and experts, and the groups of male and female. The results were:1.The most preferred style was the two pieces style(88.5%), and then the loose style(61.1%), and the shoulder-wireless style(36.9%). 2.The imported brands were more preferred because of the design(44.1%). 3.The main place of purchasing was the ski wear speciality shop(48.4%), the main source of the merchandise information was the surrounding men(43.3%), the most significant consideration aspect when purchasing was the design(35.7%), and the rate of size perception was 51.6%. 4.The wearing satisfaction score(5) of ski wears were; the satisfaction of design was 3.24, the satisfaction of material 3.00, and the satisfaction of using convenience 3.07. 5.In the rate of design satisfaction, the female(3.10) showed higher than the male(3.35) (p<.05). 6.In the satisfaction of material, 'the discoloration'(2.37), 'the abrasion'(2.75), 'the sense of volume'(2.76) and 'the sense of touch' showed dissatisfaction. 7.In the satisfaction of using convenience, 'the pollution by lifting ticket'(2.36)was showed most dissatisfaction.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 1993

To investigate the relationship between radiosensitivity and postirradiation recovery in human cancer cells, a study was performed using human cancer cell lines-A549, CaSki, SNU-C5 and PCI-13. For the study of radiosensitivity, single doses of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 Gy were given and for postirradiation recovery, two fractions of 4 Gy were separated with a time interval of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, or 6 hours. Surviving fraction was estimated using colony forming ability. Surviving fractions at 2 Gy (SF2) were 0.496 (0.570-0.412) for A549, 0.496 (0.660-0.332) for CaSki, 0.386 (0.576-0.216) for SNU-C5, and 0.185 (0.247-0.123) for PCI-13. By statistical analysis the SF2 of PCI-13 was lower significantly than those of others (p<0.05). This difference was also observed at 4, 6 and 8 Gy dose levels. At 6 and 8 Gy the surviving fractions of SNU-C5 were also lower significantly than A549 and CaSki (p<0.05). By the analysis with linear quadratic model, the values of ${\alpha}$ for A549, CaSki, SNU-C5 and PCI-13 were 0.3016, 0.3212, 0.4327 and 0.8423, respectively, and those of ${\beta}$ were 0.02429, 0.02009, 0.03349 and 0.00059, respectively. So, the value of ${\alpha}$ showed increasing tendency with decreasing SF2. By the multitarget single hit model the values of Do for A549, CaSki, SUN-C5 and PCI-13 were 1.97, 1.97, 1.46 and 0.81, respectively, and those of n were 1.53, 1.50, 1.56 and 2.28, respectively. So, the value of Do decreased with decreasing SF2. Post-irradiation recovery reached plateau at around 2 hours. Recovery ratio at plateau phase ranged from 1.2 to 4.2; the value were 1.2 for PCI-13, 3.2 for CaSki, 3.3 for SNU-C5, and 4.2 for A549. Recovery rate well correlated with SF2, and increased with increasing Do and decreasing ${\alpha}$. According to above results, the intrinsic radiosensitivity was quite different among the tested cell lines; PCI-13 was the most sensitive and A549 and CaSki was similar. This difference of radiosensitivity is thought to be partly due to the difference in amount of postirradiation recovery. By linear quadratic model the difference of ${\alpha}$ values was very high, and by multitarget single hit model the difference of Do value was significantly high among four cell lines.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.1131-1132
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• 2013

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.153-157
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• 2003

Purpose: To identify injuries and profile the characteristics of injured skiers and to use this information in designing injury-prevention programs and protective equipment. Materials and Methods: Injured skiers treated at a clinic of a ski resort located in Kangwon province in Korea were reviewed from 1998 to 2001. An injury was defined as any accident occurred during alpine skiing that required medical treatment. All injured skiers were asked to fill in a questionnaire which documented the mechanism of injury, their experiences , and the slope where they were injured Results: 1197 patients experienced ski injuries over a three-year-period. The overall incidence of ski injuries was 6.4 injuries per 1000 skiers. There was a slightly higher proportion of men than women and the mean age was in the third decade. The injury rate was higher for beginners and for less difficult slopes . The sprain and ligament injuries were most common and knee injuries accounted for 30$\%$ of all ski injuries . Conclusion: In our study , ski injuries occurred more often compared with foreign reports. it was concluded that an insufficient injury prevention system, an increasing number of skiers and a growing proportion of beginners was responsible for such a result.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.449-457
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was empirically to reveal the effects of emotional labor and job burnout of the ski resort workers on service level. For the study, a survey of 215 people working in domestic ski resorts was conducted. Emotional labor was composed of two sub-factors: surface acting and deep acting. Service level was composed of three sub-factors: tangibles, responsiveness, endeavor. The following results were obtained by confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis. First, in emotional labor which ski resort worker perceived, surface acting had a positive effect on job burnout, while deep acting had a negative effect on it. Second, surface acting had a positive effect on tangibles and responsiveness of service level and deep acting had a positive effect on tangibles, responsiveness and endeavor of service level. Third, job burnout which ski resort worker perceived had a negative effect on tangibles, responsiveness and endeavor of service level. This study suggested that implications and limitations of the relationship between outcomes and emotional labor which people working at sport organizations such as a ski resort have experienced.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.250-257
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• 2013

A series of finite element analyses of the rolling process were performed and a neural network algorithm was employed to calculate the amount of ski-effect for an arbitrary thickness of incoming material in the roll gap. Pilot hot plate rolling tests were also conducted to verify the usefulness of the finite element analyzes conducted in this study. In these experiments, plates with thicknesses varying from 25 to 65 mm were tested. In addition, a number of rolling reductions of up to 31% were examined. Finally, a number of circumferential upper and lower rolls were investigated. Experimental validations demonstrated that the neural network algorithm predicted the proper amount of ski when rolling conditions(material thickness, reduction ratio, roll velocity differential) changed arbitrarily.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.137-143
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• 2011

In this paper, we implement the ski jump visualization tool using the OpenGL graphics library. Among the evaluation elements of jump, the distance of jump is most important. Also, the distance of jump depends on Lift-to-Drag Ratio. In the previous studies, the visualization too according to the consequential changing of variety factors is insufficient. This study provides an easy style flying posture visualization tool to the user who using Lift-to-Drag Ratio. Furthermore, there is to implement an international standard jumping hill by virtue of entered five main data. The results of this study can be applied with reference data for better ski jump.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.344-353
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to classify dining-out customers' behaviors at ski resorts based on their restaurant selection factors. Data were collected one-on-one via interview questionnaires of 178 customers at the ski resorts. The mean scores of important attributes (4.12) and satisfactory attributes (3.08) for the sport&leisure purpose group were analyzed. For the date&family trip purpose group, the important attributes (4.13) and satisfactory attributes (3.06) were evaluated, resulting in a significant difference between the two visiting-purpose groups by independent t-test (p<0.05). The recognized important attributes for the sport&leisure purpose group were food taste (4.54), hygiene (4.53), menu variety (4.22), menu price (4.15), and convenience (4.12), and the most recognizable satisfactory attributes were related to convenience (3.52), waiting time (3.95), and employee service (3.90). For the date&family trip purpose group, recognized important attributes were hygiene (4.83), food taste (4.67), menu price (4.40), convenient (4.33), menu variety (4.25), waiting time (4.21), and employee service (4.10), and marked satisfactory attributes were convenience (3.65), hygiene (3.31), atmosphere (3.25), employee service (3.23), waiting time (3.17), and food taste (3.00). These results suggest that restaurant selection attributes would be useful tools to restaurant managers in controlling the quality of foodservice and satisfying service requirements for dinning-out customers at ski resorts.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.461-469
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• 2017

This study is to investigate the relationship among anticipation, organizational trust and cooperative intention of members of ski club for 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics. Moreover, to provide the basic data for Gangwon-do Province, Pyeongchang-gun and 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics committee and to propose a plan to become a successful tournament by leading to take active participation and cooperation of the ski club members. In order to achieve these objectives, this study was given to a sampling of 341 people from members of ski club in Gangwon W, F resort. First, there was correlation static (+) between expectations and organizational trust among all factors and partially impact on an organizational trust by economic/industrial and social/cultural factors as a sub factors of expectation. Second, correlation static (+) between expectations and cooperative intention among all factors and significant impact on cooperative intention by social/cultural factors as a sub factors of expectation. Third, correlation static (+) between organizational trust and cooperative intention among all factors and significant impact on cooperative intention by trust factor as a sub factors of expectation.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.222-231
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• 2003

The ACL(Anterior cruciate ligament) is the smallest of the four main ligaments of the knee, but it is the primary stabilizer. Injuries have a tendency to occur when the foot is firmly planted and the knee is twisted. Any sports that requires acceleration, change of direction and deceleration can increase the chances of suffering an ACL tear. The incidence of severe knee sprains that involve the ACL are at an all-time high. Since 1980, the number of these injuries have increased at least three-fold. Although the rate of increase has been much less dramatic since the middle 1980s, even the ultra-modem releasable ski binding has not been able to start reducing the incidence of ACL injuries. An ACL injury prevention program developed for downhill skiers by the Vermont Safety Research group emphasized increasing awareness of situations that can potentially result in an ACL injury and pre-planning strategies if events, leading to these situations, begin to fall in place. As part of the above study by Ettlinger et al., an educational prevent program was developed to teach these principles and thus reduce the rate of serious knee injuries. Four thousand instructors and patrol at 20 ski resorts who received the training had a 62% decline in serious knee injuries compared to a similar group that did not receive this training. Whenever you fall, try not to fully straighten your legs. Don't try to get up until you've stopped sliding(unless you are try to avoid an obstacle or other skier). When you're down, stay down. And don't land on your hand. So, if you feel yourself falling: arms forward, ski plates together, hands over knee. Then you will be able to save your ACL.