• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.165-171
• /
• 2015

Microbial pathogens are responsible for most of the rapidly-spreading deadly infectious diseases against humans. Thus, there is an urgent need for efficient and rapid detection methods for infectious microorganisms. The detection methods should not only be targeted and specific, but they have to be encompassing of potential changes of the pathogen as it evolves and mutates quickly during an epidemic or pandemic. The existing diagnostics such as the antibody-based ELISA immunoassay and PCR methods are too selective and narrowly focused; they are insufficient to capture newly evolved mutant strains of the pathogen. Here, we introduce a fresh perspective on some new technologies, including aptamers and next generation sequencing for pathogen detection. These technologies are not in their infancy; they are reasonably mature and ready, and they hold great promise for unparalleled applications in pathogen detection.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.144-155
• /
• 2004

This paper addresses the issue of position control of a chain of multiple mass-spring-damper (CMMSD) units which can be found in many physical systems. The dynamic model of a CMMSD system with any degrees of freedom is expressed in a closed-form for the convenience of the controller design. Backstepping and model reference adaptive control (MRAC) approaches are then used to develop two adaptive output feedback controllers to control the position of a CMMSD system. The proposed controllers rely on the measurements of the input (force) and the output (position of the mass unit at the end of the chain) of the system without the knowledge of its parameters and internal states. Simulations are used to verify the effectiveness of the controllers

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2011

The objective of present work is to use numerical simulation to investigate the complex three-dimensional and secondary flow structures developed at the inlet and impeller in a centrifugal pump at design and off-design points. The pump impeller is shrouded with 6 backward swept blades and with a specific speed of 0.8574. The characteristic of the pump is measured experimentally with straight and curved intake sections. Numerical computation is carried out to investigate the pump inlet flow structures and subsequently the flow field within the centrifugal pump. The numerical results showed that strong interaction between the impeller eye and intake section. Secondary flow structure occurs upstream at the pump inlet has great influence on the pump performance and flow structure within the impeller.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.314-319
• /
• 2005

Adenosine, as a ubiquitous metabolite, mediates many physiological functions via activation of plasma membrane receptors. Mechanisms of most of its physiological roles have been studied extensively, but research on adenosine-induced apoptosis (AIA) has only started recently. In this study we demonstrate that adenosine dose-dependently triggered apoptosis of cultured baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. Adenosine-induced apoptotic cell death was characterized by DNA laddering, changes in nuclear chromatin morphology and phosphatidylserine staining. Apoptosis was also quantified by flow cytometry. Results suggest the involvement of adenosine $A_1$ and $A_3$ receptors as well as equilibrative nucleoside transporters in apoptosis induced by adenosine. These results indicate a receptor-transporter co-signaling mechanism in AIA in BHK cells. The involvement of $A_1$ and $A_3$ receptors also implies a possible apoptotic pathway mediated by G protein-coupled receptors.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.267-284
• /
• 2004

The expansion of regionalism has resulted in the creation of blocs of the world economy, so that those countries not belonging to one or more blocs can discriminated. Though recently singed on the bill of FTA with Chile, Korea is actually alienated from major stream of the blocs. Therefore, Korea government makes efforts to contract more FTAs with countries such as Singapore and Japan. FTA is believed to be an important method to secure export and national competitiveness in the long term. Therefore, we need to exactly understand critical issues and the long-run effect of FTA. The paper tries to find out important issues and potential strategies relating to electronic commerce in Korea-Singapore and Korea-Japan FTA. According to the historical facts, economic effect of FTA depends a lot on the contents of the agreement. Therefore, additional intensive studies are required before contracting FTA in the future.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.9-23
• /
• 1996

The behaviour of elasto-plastic planar arches subjected to dynamic loads in presented. The governing equations are formulated through the dynamic equations and compatibility conditions. The latter is established by applying the generalized conjugate segment analogy. Bending moments at the nodes and axial forces in the members are considered as primary variables in the elastic regime. They are supplemented by the rotations at the nodes and dislocations in the elements when plastic hinges occur. Newmark-${\beta}$ method is adopted in the time marching process. The interaction diagram of each element is treated as the yield surface for the element and the associated flow rule is enforced as plastic flow occurs. The method provides good prediction of dynamic response of elasto-plastic arches while requiring small core storage and short computer time.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.286-288
• /
• 2003

In this paper, we present our implementation of the direct camera model (image to ground) for SPOT5 and use it to assess the geometric accuracy of SPOT5 imagery. Our assessment confirms the location accuracy of SPOT5 imagery (without use of GCPs) is less than 50m. We further introduce a few attitude parameters to refine the camera model with GCPs. The model is applied to two SPOT5 supermode images, one near vertical, incidence angle of 3 degrees, and one far oblique, incidence angle of 27 degrees. The results show that accuracy (rms of check points) of about one pixel (2.5m) can be achieved with about 4 GCPs by using only 3 parameters to correct the yaw, pitch and roll of the satellite.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.317-322
• /
• 2011

We determined the nuclear DNA content (genome size) of over 35 accessions each of bamboo and rattan species from Southeast Asia. The 2C DNA per nucleus was quantified by flow cytometry. The fluorescence of nuclei isolated from the leaves and stained with propidium iodide was measured. The genome size of the bamboo species examined was between 2.5 and 5.9 pg DNA per 2C nucleus. The genome size of the rattan species examined ranged from 1.8 to 10.5 pg DNA per 2C nucleus. This information will be useful for scientists working in diverse areas of plant biology such as biotechnology, biodiversity, genome analysis, plant breeding, physiology and molecular biology. Such data may be utilized to attempt to correlate the genome size with the ploidy status of bamboo species in cases where ploidy status has been reported.

• International Journal of Reliability and Applications
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.13-26
• /
• 2003

This paper presents a comparative study of a few commonly used maintenance scheduling methods for small utilities that consists solely of thermal generating plants. Two deterministic methods and a stochastic method are examined. The deterministic methods employ the leveling of reserve capacity criterion, of which one uses a heuristic rule to level the deterministic equivalent load obtained by using the product of the unit capacity and its corresponding forced outage rate. The stochastic method simulates the leveling of risk criterion by using the peak load carry capacity of available units. The results indicate that for the size and type of the maintenance scheduling problem described In this study, the stochastic method does not produce a schedule which is significantly better than the deterministic methods.

• 중국학논총
• /
• no.72
• /
• pp.223-238
• /
• 2021

Most of the Chinese immigrants in the 19th century migrated to the eastern part of the Malay Peninsula via Penang. At that time, the British colonial government recruited Chinese immigrants to supply Chinese labor. The influence of the Chinese in Penang has been greatly increased due to the continuous influx of Chinese immigrants. Specifically, looking at Chinese immigration, from 1805 to 1815, a large number of Chinese labor migrants, from about 500 to 1,000, arrived from Macao to Penang, Malaysia, and they were all contract migrants. In the late 19th century, most of the Chinese in the Malay Peninsula were resettlement from Penang and Singapore. At that time, the Malay Peninsula desperately needed to clear the jungle for farm development, and thus a large-scale labor force was needed. Therefore, the Chinese labor force that was overflowing in Penang and Singapore was able to meet the demand for labor in the Malay Peninsula.