• 한국연초학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.179-188
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• 1985

From the combination of cigarette papers, tipping papers and plug wrapping papers, whose physical properties and effect of cigarette smoke dilution were studied. The result obtained from this study are as follows. Envelop ventilation (Env-V'R) cigarettes used high porous cigarette papers showed less changes of unencapsulated pressure drop VPD) compared to tip ventilation (Tip-VR) cigarettes. Higher cigarette paper porosity increased, more decreased the WD of cigarette by Tip-VR. With cigarette length shortening, the UPD or VR changed a little in Tip-VR cigarette, while changed very much in Env-VR cigarettes. The ratio of nicotine/tar was higher in Env-VB cigarettes than in Tip-VR cigarettes, and CO/nicotine value of the former was lower than those of the later. The effect of Tip-VR cigarettes on the delivery reduction of tar and nicotine was more effective compared to Env-VR cigarettes and the reduction prefer Env-VR cigarettes to Tip-VR cigarettes in CO delivery. From the results investigated above it was noted that each defect appeared in the Tip-VR and the Env-VR cigarettes could be complemented by the combination of them.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2010

Objectives : This research was investigated the anticoagulant effect of the Gleditsiae spina extract. Methods : We researched prothrombin time (PT) assay, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assay in vitro and in vivo using arteriovenous (A-V) shunt rat model and shortening Rat tail bleeding time (BT). A-V shunt and BT were treated with extract of Gleditsiae spina (GS) 400 mg/kg for a week. Results : Bleeding time of Gleditsiae spina extract in vivo had a significant increase as about 1.2 times and thrombus weight of Gleditsiae spina extract had a significant reduction of thrombus weight as 26%. Gleditsiae spina extract represented an effect of anticoagulation by operating on extrinsic pathway factor II, V, VII, X and intrinsic pathway factor VIII, IX, X, XI, XII in the coagulation system. Conclusions : Considering the above mentioned results, it is judged that a Gleditsiae Spina extract has a control effect of thrombus creation.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.465-474
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• 2022

Using structural equation modeling, the study aims to investigate the causal relationship between working capital policies and working capital indicators on firm performance, including profitability and market value (SEM). The samples of 381 firms were selected from various industries listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) from 2016 to 2020. The results showed that 1) there is an effect of working capital policies on profitability and market value; 2) there is an effect of working capital indicators on profitability and market value and 3) there is the effect of profitability on market value. From the results, it is suggested that conservative working capital investment policy (CIP) and conservative working capital financing policy (CFP) affect a company's performance in the Thailand context. In addition, shortening the cash conversion cycle (CCC) should be applied in management to increase profitability by reducing the receivables collection period (RCP) and inventory conversion period (ICP) while increasing the payables deferral period (PDP). The practical implications of the study provide the evidence that meeting the dues according to short CCC management can represent healthy liquidity in cash flow that helps gain investor confidence and the investment interest that further increases the market value.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2018

국내에서 피난용 엘리베이터가 구비되어 준공된 고층건축물은 서울시 송파구에 위치한 롯데월드타워로 총 19대의 피난용 엘리베이터가 설치되어 있다. 이 건물의 피난계획에 따르면 19대의 피난용 엘리베이터는 비상시 5개의 피난안전층으로부터 피난층(1층)까지 수동 키에 의한 조작으로 셔틀 운행하면서 피난자를 탑승시켜 피난시키도록 규정되어 있다. 따라서 화재 등의 재난발생시 피난용 엘리베이터를 이용한 피난시나리오가 기존의 보행만으로 피난하는 피난시리나리오보다 피난소요시간을 어느 정도 단축할 수 있는가를 분석할 필요가 있다. 롯데월드타워를 대상으로 피난용 엘리베이터에 의한 최적 수송분담률을 40%로 설정한 전관동시 엘리베이터병행 피난시나리오의 피난소요시간이 1 h 2 min으로 산출된 반면, 엘리베이터를 전혀 이용하지 않고 보행만으로 피난하는 전관동시 보행피난시나리오의 피난소요시간은 1 h 29 min으로 산출되었다. 결과적으로 엘리베이터를 병행하여 보행피난하는 경우가 엘리베이터에 의존하지 않은 상태에서 보행으로만 피난하는 경우보다 27 min 정도의 피난소요시간 단축효과가 있는 것으로 도출되었다. 이러한 단축효과를 지속적으로 유지하기 위해서는 엘리베이터를 이용한 피난경로를 이루는 각 부분이 피난이 이루어지는 동안 연기, 화염, 복사열 등의 화재 또는 재난에 기인하는 위험으로부터 피난자를 방호할 수 있는 성능을 갖추고, 엘리베이터 이용 피난자의 상주위치에서 최종피난장소까지의 피난경로가 단절 없이 이어지고 인식이 용이하도록 관리되어야 한다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.218-223
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• 1990

벼 기계이항답에서 후기의 도복을 경감시켜 농작업의 효율성을 높이고 수량손실을 방지하기 위하여 개발중인 도복경감제 'KIM-112'의 효과를 검토하고자 처리시기 및 약량을 달리하여 수행한 시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. KIM-112의 출수전 30일-5일 처리는 간장을 크게 단축시켰는데 10a당 1g 처리에서는 처리시기에 따라 10-17%, 2g 처리에서는 16-23%의 간장단축효과가 있었다. 2. 절간장 단축정도는 처리시기에 따라 다르게 나타났는데 출수전 30일 처리에서는 5절간이 약 50%정도 단축되었으며 처리시기가 늦어질수록 상위절간의 단축이 커지는 경향이었고, 약량별로는 2g 처리가 다소 높았다. 3. 간장과 도복지수와는 간장이 길어질수록 도복지수가 높아지는 정의 관계가 있었으며, 특히 1절간장과 4절간장이 도복지수에 크게 영향을 미쳤다. 4. KIM-112는 간벽 간경 간기중 등의 도복형질에는 영향을 미치지 않았고, 좌절중의 증대와 간장단축에 따른 moment의 감소로 내도복성을 향상시켰으며, 도복지수는 좌절중 moment 이삭중과 높은 상관이 있었다. 5. 약제처리시기와 약량에 따라 출수가 1-4일 지연되었으며, 수장이 짧아짐에 따라 수당립수가 다소 적었으나 도복이 되지 않아 등숙율의 향상으로 수량은 약간 증수되었다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.433-441
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of three PNF stretching techniques for improving hamstring flexibility and to compare the effectiveness of three PNF stretching techniques(direct and indirect and mix(direct&indirect) of hold-relax technique). METHODS: The subjects were randomly assigned into three groups: group1-direct-hold-relax technique(n=10); group2-indirect-hold-relax technique(n=8); group3-mix(direct&indirect)-hold-relax technique(n=10). For each group, stretch was performed three times a week for a period of three weeks. Hamstring flexibility for each group was measured using the ASLR and PSLR. RESULTS: The results showed significant improvement in hamstring flexibility for all subjects of three groups. However, were not significantly different between the three groups. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, three PNF stretching techniques are confirmed to be useful for improving hamstring flexibility. The choice for a qualified technique has to be made individually according to patient and therapist.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회논문집
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• pp.35-42
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• 2000

Among the various models proposed for the description of semi-rigid connection behavior, Kinney's fixity facto. (=f) definition is adopted. If one follows this definition, f=1.0 signifies a completely fixed connection and f=0.0, the frictionless hinge. Kim's new slope-deflection equations based on the Kinney's fixity factors are the principal idea of this paper. Proposed finite element program also includes the effect of axial shortening of column, which is neglected in the stress analysis of frame leg conventional slope-deflection method. For the economic design, especially for the saving of beam weight in the high-rise office buildings or apartment houses, the proposed method can be applied.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2017

Metatarsalgia means the pain under the lesser metatarsal heads. The many causes of metatarsalgia can be categorized into three groups: local disease in the region, altered forefoot biomechanics, and systemic disease affecting the region. Surgical options need to be considered if nonsurgical treatment fails. The metatarsal osteotomies are designed primarily to reduce the weightbearing forces on the metatarsal head by elevating or shortening the metatarsal. Many lesser metatarsal osteotomies have been described, and their success depends on many factors. Regardless of the method employed, it is important to maintain or restore the metatarsal cascade to maintain an even pressure under the lesser metatarsal heads and prevent transfer lesions. The surgeon must understand the effects of the metatarsal osteotomy on the forefoot patho-biomechanics and decide, using a combination of clinical examinations and imaging, whether the desired effect of the osteotomy is to shorten or elevate the metatarsal head or both.

• 대한추나의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2003

Dr. Lawrence H Jones developed innovative approach for the treatment of neuromuscular and musculo-skeletal disorders such as fibromyalgia, myofacial pain syndrome, any other muscle pain. This technique is called Strain/Counterstrain technique which uses effect of neuromuscular reflex for treatment of strain. First, Relieving spinal or other joint pain by passively putting the joint into its position of greatest comfort; secondly relieving pain by reduction and arrest of the continuing inappropriate proprioceptor activity. This was accomplished by markedly shortening the muscle that contains the malfunctioning muscle spindle by applying. mild strain to its antagonists. In other words, the inappropriate strain reflex is inhibited by application of counterstrain. Many other techniques have been developed for treating of muscle pain due to somatic dysfunction, but we want to introduce you to strain/counterstrain technique because this is basic concept and theory of Chum therapy for controling motor system.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2001

The objective of this study is to determine the effect of soy protein isolate (SPI) film coating on the color, firmness, viscosity and weight loss of Rice Cake stored at 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$ (RH 50%) for 30 days. Raw materials mixed with SPI and cocoa powder (10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, w/w) were prepared. After adding sugar and shortening to raw materials, the mixture were refined to 25 micron of particle size. Coating of Rice Cake were carried out at $65^{\circ}C$. SPI coated Rice Cake had higher internal and external firmness comparing to the control at $25^{\circ}C$. SPI coated Rice Cake showed smooth surface morphology and had 0.71-1.01 mm of thickness. SPI coated Rice Cake showed less weight loss for 30 days compared to controls. SPI coating solution was successfully coated on Rice Cake and extended shelf-life over 15 days at room temperature.