• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.37-49
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• 2014

In order to elucidate the usefulness of Lycopene, a cherry tomato variety, as a food material, the compositions of free amino acids, amino acid metabolites and polyphenol compounds were analyzed using HPLC and LC-MS/MS method. Lycopene contained eighteen free amino acids except for L-Cys and L-Try. L-Glu was the most abundant free amino acid, followed by L-Gln and L-Asp. The percentages of L-Glu, L-Gln and L-Asp of total free amino acid were 55.5%, 15.9% and 9.9% respectively. Lycopene contained essential amino acids with the exception of tryptophan. The following amino acid metabolites were found : ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid(GABA), carnitine(L-Car), o-phosphoethanolamine(o-Pea), hydroxylysine(Hyl) phosphoserine (p-Ser), N-methyl-histidine(Me-His), ethanolamine($EtNH_2$). Especially, GABA known as a neurotransmitter was present at a high level(305.99 mg/100 g dry weight). We identified the following polyphenol compounds in the cherry tomatoes : caffeic acid-hexose isomer I (CH I), caffeic acid-hexose isomer II (CH II), 3-caffeoylquinic acid(3-CQA), 5-caffeoylquinic acid(5-CQA), caffeoylquinic acid isomer(CQAI), quercetin-hexose-deoxyhexose-pentose(QTS), quercetin-3-rutinoside(Q-3-R), di-caffeoylquinic acid(di-CQA), tri-caffeoylquinic acid(tri-CQA), naringenin chalcone(NGC). Large quantities of Q-3-R and NGC known as bioactive compounds were found. These results revealed that Lycopene variety contained various nutritional and bioactive compounds and would be a potent functional food material.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.35-56
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• 1995

During the last two decades, Korea has achieved remarkable economic growth. In this process the nation has become urbanized and industrialized. But we have also encountered widening regional disparity, housing shortage of larger cities, transportation congestion, environmental pollution and many other problems. Rapid increasing urbanization and continuous migration toward Seoul since the late 1960s have been one of the major concerns of government. Government has sought ways to moderate the population increase in Seoul. The regulation which include new town development near Seoul and dispersion strategies of higher education and other administration and living facilities outside of Seoul havemade a great expansion of the spatial influence of Seoul city. Seoul metropolitan reaion has evolved as the most powerful center of political and economical spaces. Generally within a metropolitan region, there exists a growing mutual interdependence economically, as well as socially between a central city and its surrounding area. Seoul metropolitan region manifests itself not only as a coherent system of urbanized regions, but also as an integral part of the daily urban system. The surrounding Gyunggi province and Seoul city become closely linked both economically and functionally, constituting true functlonai urban system. This study is primarily undertaken with the purpose of delineation of the sphere of influence of Seoul city in 1990. At the time of 1985, Seoul metropolitan region was delineated according to the result of the study which was performed by Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements. Afterward, the rapid speed of metropolitanization process with dramatic increase in mobility through the provision of wider transportation system across the Capital region have evolved, resulting in the great expansion of the spatial influence of Seoul city. So this study examines the expanded area of Seoul metropolitan regin during the period of 1985-90. In order to delineate Seoul metropolitan region, the indices of urbanization and functional linkage are selected. Variables included in the measurement of the urbanization level are agricultural structure, population characteristics, manufacturing and service industries, and cultural aspects such as newspaper circulation, the ratio of car ownership and piped water supply. Variables included in the measurement of functional linkage are commuting, shopping pattern, centralized service such as medical facilities and trade of agricultural products. The standardization method and factor analysis are employed in making the delineation of Seoul metropolitan region. According to the result of this study, 2 cities, 8 Eups and 46 Myuns are included Seoul metropolitan region in 1990. If we compare this delineated area in 1990 to that of 1985, we can find the distinctive pattern of expanded axes according to the main transportation routes such as Seoul-Suweon, Seoul-Gwangju, Seoul-Incheon. In 199O, all the Gyunggi province, except a few Myuns located at the north and northwest part of Gyunggi province, are included in Seoul metropolitan region. Furthermore, this study attempts to the analysis of regional structure of Seoul metropolitan region according to the functional characteristics of each city and Gun. Variables included in this analysis are the new residential function, manufacturing function, service function, education and infermation function, public facility function and agricultural function. Factor analysis and cluster analysis are employed in making regionalization. Seoul metropolitan reaion is subdivided into four subregions which reflect different functional specialization. The first group is the specialized region of newly formed residential function. The second group is the specialized reaion of manufacturing function. The third group is the specialized region of service function. And the fourth group has little specialized in terms of manufacturing, service, and residential function. But this region has some potentiality of development when Seoul metropolitan region grow continuously. Seoul metropolitan region accounted for 43% of national population, despite 11.8% of national land size in 1990. Although Seoul metropolitan region enjoys important agglomeration economies, it also has huge social cost in the form of transportation congestion, housing shortage, rapid increase of land value, environment pollution, and etc. Efficient metropolitan plan making is a vital element in promoting Seoul's economic development and providing high quality living environment at low cost. In the light of the result of this study, the outer ring of Seoul metropolitan region, especially northeastern part, are underdeveloped compared to overdeveloped southwestern area. It is needed to develop the guidelines for the implement of the growth control and management plan, inducing more balanced development for whole Seoul metropolitan reaion.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 2002

This paper describes about non-burial AVI (Automatic Vehicle Identification) system using general vehicle as probe car for obtaining more accurate traffic information while conserving road pavement surface. Existing spot traffic detectors have their own limits of not obtaining right information owing to its mathematical method. Burial AVI systems have some defects, causing traffic jam, needing much maintenance cost because of frequent cutting of loop and piezo-electric sensors. Especially, they have hard time to make right detection, when it comes to jamming time. Therefore, in this paper, we propose non-burial AVI system with laser trigger unit. Proposed non-burial AVI system is developed to obtain regional traffic information from normal Passing vehicle by automatic license number recognition technology. We have adapted it to national highway section between Suwon city and Pyong$\~$Taek city(9.5km) and get affirmative results. Vehicle detection rate of laser trigger unit is more than 95$\%$, vehicle recognition rate is 87.8$\%$ and vehicle matching rate is about 14.3$\%$. So we regard these as satisfying results to use the system for traffic information service. We evaluate proposed AVI system by regulation of some institutions which are using similar AVI system and the proposed system satisfies all conditions. For future study, we have plan of detailed research about proper lane number from all of the target lanes, optimal section length, information service period, and data fusion method for existing spot detector.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.8-13
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to study for fire example by fuel leakage in LPG Vehicle. At first example, the car was repaired the fuel line that was connected with pressure hose between fuel regulator and injector in engine. But the service man was not very tighten with regular torque. At a result, the gas leaked on hot parts of engine. It verified the production of fire by engine heat. At second example, when the repair man, after replacement the injector, inserted the injector in a assembling part of it, he didn't the transform condition of fixing part. Therefore, the tearing phenomenon of O ring producted the controlled leakage of fuel by the injector deflection. It found the fact that the fuel leaked with gap of O ring. At third example. the fuel-cut solenoid valve was lined with pressure regulator unit. But the service man didn't throughly certify the leaked work of connected parts after repaired it. As a result, it certified the fire by engine heating leaked liquefied petroleum gas. Therefore it have to minimize the fire production that the driver should do no problem to throughly manage the fuel system.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.89-94
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• 2017

The existing geofences provide only context-awareness service for entering or leaving the set region when a user sets a virtual region for his/her PoI(Point of Interest). Applying the mobile-geofence technology to the connected car technology, which is attracting attention as a next generation technology, it is possible to provide application service without additional infrastructure construction cost However, to do this, we need to expand and improve the functions of traditional geofence. In this paper, we propose and implement a flexible mobile-geofence in which the radii of each geofence applied to vehicles is changed according to context-aware in order to support connected cars technology based on the previously studied mobile three-dimensional geofence system. The proposed flexible mobile-geofence shows experimentally that the region of the geofence is changed according to context-aware of itself and its surroundings after applying a flexible decision algorithm by the flexible factor analysis. In the future, we are expected that the flexible mobile-geofence proposed in this paper will be applied not only to connected-cars technology but also to the application technology of V2X(Vehicle to Everything) for safe and efficient vehicle operation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.210-219
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• 2017

Electric vehicles, which are attracting attention as eco-friendly vehicles, have been increasing in number since 2011 in Korea. The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficient operation of existing charging stations and factors to consider when installing additional charging stations based on the case of Jeju Island where the electric vehicle penetration rate is high and the charging infrastructure is relatively well established. The characteristics of using electric car charging stations by region, type of facility, and time of day are analyzed. As a result of analyzing the frequency of using the charger installed in Jeju Island, the utilization of both the fast charger and the slow charger is found to be concentrated in a specific area. The usage rate of charger installed in a business facility and a public parking lot is high in both fast charger and slow charger. However, according to the usage rate by time of day, the fast charger has a high utilization rate throughout the afternoon, while the use of a slow charger is concentrated in the morning. In order to enable users to utilize the electric vehicle charging station efficiently, it is necessary to provide a publicity guide for the charging station having a low utilization rate, a notice for using the charger, and a notification of completion of charging. Considering the charging demand, the area where the charger is not yet installed should be considered as the area to install the charger, and in addition, the additional installation should be considered in the area and the facility where the amount of charge is large. Service improvement is expected to be possible by utilizing actual electric vehicle charging behavior analysis result.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.18
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• pp.73-99
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• 2009

There are three assassination and treatening cases in this thesis introduced as analysis data. They are shooting accidents of the U.S.A's President Reagun (1981,3.30), and the President Park Jeong Hee of South Korea(1974.8.15), assassination of the Prime Minister Lavin of Israel (1995.11.4) In March 30, 1981, there was an accident where criminal, Hinckley, fired ball cartridges right before the President Reagan got into the car to move to White House after completing the announcement of Hilton Hotel of Washington. As a result, the chest of president was shot and public information secretary and safeguard were wounded. In August, 15, pm 10:23, where the 29th 8.15 independent anniversay event was being celebrated by the people at the National theater in Jangchungdong, Seoul, the criminal Moon Sekwang fired ball cartridges, he failed to assassinate the President Park Jeong Hee of Korea, but shot the First lady Yuk Young Soo. She was wounded right part of head and died. In November 4, Saturday, pm 22:00 the Prime Minster Lavin had finished the supporting event of Middle Asia's Peace project and was taking on the car when he was killed by the criminal Amir's shooting, The accidents left very important lesson from the aspect of security analysis and it has been frequently used as a material for the education and training of safeguard organization. In Korea, as well as Presidential Security Service, national security departments have selected it as an important model for the subjects such as 'Security Analysis, 'Security Practice' and 'Security Methodology'. In the performance of security duty, security skill is the most important matter. Moreover, it has a close relationship with politics, society and culture. The purpose of this study is to analyze and reevaluate the case, which has been treated as a usual model from the aspect of security analysis, beyond its introduction. Attempted assassination of President Reagan was evaluated as a positive success example because of its rapid response of adjacent guards to evacuate Reagan, who is a guard target, within 10 seconds after the shot. When comparing it to President Kennedy Assassination of 1963, it was evaluated that guards were significantly specialized. In the study, however, it was possible to found many problems such as carelessness of guard, who is in charge of external area of event place, idle attitude for frequently used event place, confusion of wireless communication, risk of wireless security disclose, insufficient provision of compulsory record file, insufficient profiling of dangerous person and unsecured hospital and first-aid room.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.137-166
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• 2020

While South Koreans overseas travelling rate has been increased every year, domestic travelling rate has been at a standstill for several years. The purpose of this study is to analyze domestic traveling styles of Koreans according to their generations in order to provide generation-specific traveling services. For this purpose, we categorized the survey respondents into four different generations, which are Millennium (age 19~34), X generation (35~54), Baby Boomer (55~64) and senior by following the criterions of the Korea National Tourism Organization. After then, we analyze factors related to travel preparation process, the actual traveling activities and satisfaction after the travel. In this study, 16,713 data collected by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism are used. The results of this study show that Korean people tends to acquire domestic traveling information from their own or acquaintances past experiences. Also, they do not prefer the organized trip for domestic travels, thus do not buy package products a lot. In addition, natural scenery, rich in cultural heritage, and convenient accommodation are the most important determinant factors affecting the overall travel satisfaction of level for all generations. The traveling characteristics for each generation are as follows. Millennium get traveling information from the internet a lot, and more specifically, they refer portal sites and social network services (SNS) in many cases. Also, they tend to travel in summer peak season to popular destinations and pursues active traveling experiences. Generation X has similar traveling patterns with Millennium, however they major transportation method is using their own car. Also, transportation convenience and satisfactory leisure activity are important factors affecting the overall satisfaction level to Generation X. On the other hand, Baby boomer generation has a greater emphasis on appreciation of nature, visiting famous restaurants, and relaxation, rather than actively participating experiencing programs. They travel evenly in summer and spring/fall season to many different areas instead of focusing on popular tourist spots. In addition, shopping and eating delicious food are the important factors affecting the overall satisfaction level for them. Lastly, Senior generation has similar characteristics with Baby boomer in many ways, however, they travel a lot on the same day using public transportations or car rental service. They prefer spring and autumn trips rather than summer peak season, and tend to buy packaged travel products a lot compared with other generations. If these different traveling characteristics of each generation are considered for organizing and customizing tourism services, it is expected that domestic tourism satisfaction level will be ultimately increased.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.313-332
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• 2013

Large tundra of the Russian Empire, has rich resources and science and technology, and a huge domestic market potential is rapidly changing. Based on the abundant energy resources such as oil, gas, and minerals, as foreign trade is active, the huge capital is moving. And commitment the active SOC by improving laws and regulations and changes in the structure of the Russian economy. One of them pushed the WTO since 1993, 19 years to see fruition join the WTO (World Trade Organization). As the official entry into force August 22, Russia, July 10, 2012, Congress passed the treaty after joining the WTO and of the 156th WTO member countries, was officially join. As the WTO, Russia has the world's 11th-largest economy in the steel tariffs from 30% to 15% are exported to Russia, South Korea Car TV parts from 10% to 0%, reduced from 20% to 5% Korean export companies to export to Russia, etc., is expected to become the new land of opportunity. Russia hopes the changes improve the investment environment, the service industry, manufacturing revitalization the macroeconomic sectors of the economy through the WTO, and forecast, but the consumption increased revenue due to tariff cuts, falling import prices and the real economy, and weak manufacturing base. On the one hand, the perspective of concern. In conclusion, Russia joining the WTO, and the feed to improve the fairness and transparency of the market opening, the Russian advance in Korean companies be facilitated and strong complementary cooperation, especially in manufacturing is expected. In this paper, after Russia joining the WTO, trade liberalization, and ready for a new era of economic cooperation between Korea and Russia, at the point of expanding openness to propose strategies to analyze the problems of Korean companies during the Russian advance.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.55-69
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• 2017

Recently, the IoT (Internet of Things) environment is being developed rapidly through network which is linked to intellectual objects. Through the IoT, it is possible for human to intercommunicate with objects and objects to objects. Also, the IoT provides artificial intelligent service mixed with knowledge of situational awareness. One of the industries based on the IoT is a car industry. Nowadays, a self-driving vehicle which is not only fuel-efficient, smooth for traffic, but also puts top priority on eventual safety for humans became the most important conversation topic. Since several years ago, a research on the recognition of the surrounding environment for self-driving vehicles using sensors, lidar, camera, and radar techniques has been progressed actively. Currently, based on the WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment), the research is being boosted by forming networking between vehicles, vehicle and infrastructures. In this paper, a research on the recognition of a traffic signs on highway was processed as a part of the awareness of the surrounding environment for self-driving vehicles. Through the traffic signs which have features of fixed standard and installation location, we provided a learning theory and a corresponding results of experiment about the way that a vehicle is aware of traffic signs and additional informations on it.