• Resources Recycling
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.28-36
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• 2011

The adsorption of nickel(Ni) from sulfuric acid solution was carried out by ion exchange method. A series of batch tests in synthetic solutions were carried out using Lewatit Monoplus TP 220 resin. The following experimental parameters, such as temperature, shaking rate, reaction time, pH, resin dosage and concentration of nickel ions etc. were investigated to establish the effective optimum conditions of nickel adsorption. The solution pH(2.0~5.0) and shaking rate had little effects on the adsorption of nickel and adsorption time of 72hours was required to reach equilibrium. The experimental results show a good agreement with Feundlich isotherm and pseudo-second order reaction. The adsorption behavior of Ni obtained from synthetic solution was compared with that of waste electroplating solution. Elution of nickel from loaded resin increased with increase in $H_2SO_4$ concentration.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.535-545
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• 2001

A refined method of analysis which is called the Advanced Analysis has been introduced This method is to consider the intial member imperfection residual stress and second-order effects so as to estimate the overall behavior of steel frame accurately Based on the refined plastic hinge method that is more suitable and practical in design practice. the program RPH-2DF is coded using the log model which represents the moment-rotation relationship of connection. The validity of this program is examined by frame test data. Finally to investigate the difference between behaviors of rigid and semi-rigid frame. the 10-story frame analysis results designed by MIDAS-GEN v4.2.2 are compared with the results by RPH-2DF.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.293-303
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the methods of application of the direct analysis method, using the load amplification factor suggested by the KBC 2009 design code, for the evaluation of frame stability. For this purpose, the direct analysis method was performed for three-story-one-bay and five-story-three-bay unbraced steel frames with various notional loads, bending stiffness reductions, and factor B2s. The results of the analyses were compared with the results of the second-order inelastic analysis to evaluate the influence of the applied methods. The scale of the frame, the axial load ratio, and the axial load distribution pattern were added to the main parameters to investigate the external effects. The research results showed that the influence of the methods of application of the direct analysis method is not significant in the case of the required axial strength and the application of the additional notional loads; and that the application of the factor B2 with the story stiffness concept to the direct analysis method is appropriate for the required flexural strength.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1990

To examine the effects of sequence variations near the transcriptional start site on the rate of formation of the open complexes at bacteriophage $\lambda P_{R}$ promoter, two mutant promoters were created by site-specific mutagenesis using synthetic oligonucleotides. Mutant I coatains changes at positions -3 and -4 from TT to CC, thus having a 6-bp long G/C stretch between -10 region and transciptional start site (+1). Mutant II has changes at positions -5 and -6 from GG to AA, thereby having a 9-bp long A/T stretch between positions -11 and -3. Selective filter binding assays were performed to measure the rate of formation of the open complexes between the wild-type or two mutant $P_{R}$ promoters on 664 bp fragments and E. coli RNA polymerase at two temperatures. At 37.deg.C, the wild-type and two mutants showed similar rates for the formation of open complex. The second order rate constant $k_{a}$ and $\tau _{int}$, as determined from the .tau.-plot analysis, were $(6.0\pm0.4)\times10^{6}M^{-1}sec^{-1}$ and $11\pm5$sec, respectively. At 18.deg.C, however, the wild-type and two mutant promoters showed differences in the kinetic parameters. k for the wild-type promoter was (2.2$\pm$0.1)\times 10^{6}M^{-1}sec^{-1}$ and $\tau _{int}$ was 76$\pm$sec. Mutant I and II exhibited differences mainly in the rate of isomerization ($\tau_{int,I}=91\pm$10 sec, int,II=34$\pm$ sec), whereas the second order rate constant $k_{a}$ was similar to the wild type value. This result implies that at $18^{\circ}C$, the isomerization rate is determined by both protein conformational change and DNA melting, which are separable kinetically according to the 3-step mechanism of Roe et al.(1984,1985), and that the base changes affected mainly the rate of DNA melting as predicted.lting as predicted.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2016

Purpose - This study aims to examine the impact of leadership on organizational trust and innovation performance, and to identify whether organizational trust plays a mediating role in the relationship between leadership and innovation performance. Also, this study attempts to find out how to improve organizational efficiency and effectiveness based on leadership-based or trust-based strategies. And, this research proposed that organizational trust plays a core mediating role in the relationship between transactional and transformational leadership and innovation performance. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to test the hypotheses of this study, the survey was conducted towards franchise coffee shop employees between November 7 and 18, 2016. We contacted top executives of coffee shop franchise headquarters and explained the purpose of this study. Among 150 questionnaires distributed, 123 were collected. Of these collected questionnaires, 102 questionnaires were coded and analyzed for further analysis. In order to test the unidimensionality and reliability of the factors, factor analysis and reliability test were performed using SPSS/PC+ 22.0. And, the hypotheses were tested using hierarchical mediated regression analysis. Result - The results are as follows. First, transactional leadership, and intellectual stimulation, motivation of transformational leadership had significant impacts on organizational trust. Second, organizational trust, transactional leadership, and influence of transformational leadership had significant impacts on innovation performance. Third, the mediating test of organizational trust showed that transactional leadership plays a partial mediator, and intellectual of transformational leadership plays a full mediator in the relationship between leadership and innovation performance. Conclusions - The implications of this study are as follows. First, the top management should provide their organizational members incentives or rewards based on their performance. Second, top management should identify and express a clear vision and desirable organizational goals for the future, present an idealized vision, and communicate to organizational members that the vision is achievable, also have organizational members to think creatively and find optimal solutions to difficult problems. In sum, this study revealed the important role of leadership in embedding organizational trust in and improving innovation performance of coffee shop employees and the mediating role of organizational trust in the influence of leadership on innovation performance.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.17-29
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• 2018

Purpose - The environment surrounding the franchise industry in recent years is a big threat to the franchise business. In this perspective, this study examines the effect of franchise CEO's Innovation, CSR Passion, and customer orientation(CO) on customers' perceived service quality(PSQ), affection, and commitments in the context of food-service franchise industry. This study suggests the guidelines on how franchisor uses their passion and customer orientation on customer to maintain and increase the commitments. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to achieve these purposes, research model and hypotheses were developed. Out of 500 respondents received through online survey, 449 respondents were used, because of 51 incomplete respondents. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equational modeling with SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 statistical program. Result - The results of the study are as follows. First, innovation passion has a significant impact on PSQ and customer affection. And CSR passion have a significant impact on PSQ. Second, customer orientation has a significant impact on PSQ and customer affection. Third, PSQ has a significant impact on customer affection and sustainable commitment. Fourth, customer affection has a significant impact on behavioral commitment. Fifth, behavioral commitment has a significant impacts on sustainable commitment. Conclusions - The implications of this study are following as: Restaurants franchisor and CEOs should have a passion for innovation to continuously identify consumer needs and develop new menus and services that meet their needs. Second, franchisor and CEOs need to demonstrate the importance of creating the right environment, creating a fair business, and trying to create products in a given environment. Finally, franchisor and CEOs should demonstrate how to build relationships with customers and how to maintain positive feelings. In addition, it is necessary to appeal to the customers with enthusiasm and a customer-oriented tendency of the entrepreneur of the franchise head office in order to maintain the relationship with the customer and feelings.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.67-87
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• 2017

This study aims to investigate the effects of college students' library satisfaction on college life satisfaction. In order to test this relationship, two surveys were conducted involving 360 college students at two universities in Seoul. The results of the first survey show that after controlling for the educational service satisfaction and facilities satisfaction, there is a significant influence of college students' library satisfaction on college life satisfaction. The second study added variables for the three components of library service quality (librarian service quality, library resources and service quality, and library facilities and environmental quality). The results of the second survey show that there is a significant influence of library service quality on college library satisfaction, and again a significant influence of college students' library satisfaction on college life satisfaction. Moreover, the results of two group analysis show that the influence of college library satisfaction on college life satisfaction is stronger in high usage group than low usage group. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.249-268
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• 1997

This Study developed 'Environment Management Integrated Leader(EMIL)' program and evaluated the effect of the Program. The procedure of EMIL program development is as follows; 1) Identifying the training needs Through the interview and discussion with corporate environmental staff and research members, training need are collected. 2) Setting the training objectives 30 objectives are developed through specifying and organizing the training needs. 3) Determining the scopes of the program This program consists of the four scopes. First, the scope of Environmentally Acceptable Management is developed based on ISO 14000 and certification of environmentally friendly business. Second, the scope of Environmentally Acceptable Technology includes air pollution, water pollution, solid wasted management, and pollution prevention. Third, the scope of Integrated Environmental Management focuses on master plan, green marketing, green production, and green accounting. Finally, the scope of Integrated Environmental Concepts focuses on food pollution, environmental activities, and bio-diversity. 4) Selecting the training methods Various methods are used such as off-site visits, exercises, case study, workshop, discussion, role-playing as well as lecture. 5) Implementing the program 49 trainees participated the program for 6weeks. All trainees are working for D. Company Group. 6) Measuring training effects To evaluate the effects of the program, pre-post training evaluation method is used. The results are highly significant at all 4 scopes by the p<.01. This study has some implications in order to establish the environmental management climate. First, the development of new environmental education program for management is necessary. Second, Vast investment are required. Third, more systematic approaches are desired in environmental education. Lastly, more customized program development and implementation to fit in industries will accelerate the expansion of environmental concept.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-26
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• 2013

To improve the competitiveness of the hospital provides high quality medical services in a hospital coordinator role is emphasized. This study on customer orientation of the role ambiguity in order to identify the impact of degree of customer orientation were analyzed for demographic differences. Dependent variable, customer orientation affects role ambiguity as independent variables, and regression analysis were set. And the control variables are set to support situational factors, customer orientation on the role ambiguity and hierarchical regression analysis was performed. Obtained through empirical results are as follows: First, according to the demographic characteristics of the hospital coordinator customer orientation, the difference between gender and medical subjects are not shown. Age, education, work experience, job title, and the hospital on the pattern of customer orientation has shown a difference. Second, according to the hospital coordinator role ambiguity about its impact on customer orientation analysis can be a role implementation, job implementation, opinion communication in achieving customer orientation was negatively affected. Third, role ambiguity, and customer orientation factors for the moderating effects of organizational support for the role of customer orientation can role implementation, job implementation, opinion communication was a statistically significant. Fourth, the role ambiguity factors and customer orientation for the administrative support for the moderating effect of customer orientation and role implementation is significant, but job implementation, opinion communication were statistically significant. Fifth, the role ambiguity factors and customer support for customer orientation and customer orientation for the moderating effects of role performance and the opinion communication was not statistically significant. However, job implementation was statistically significant. The limitations of this study are as follows: First, role ambiguity, situational factors and support due to limitations of the variable factors that may affect the customer orientation of a number of factors were excluded. So many exogenous variables in the measurement process can affect. Second, the variables measured as problems of self-assessment by the variable measuring the respondent's bias may occur. Third, This study is difficult to generalize. In other words, several areas of the province conducted by the empirical results of the survey as a limit on the overall generalization can follow.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.720-726
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• 2000

The analytic gradient method for the equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles (EOM-CCSD) energy has been extended to employ a reduced molecular orbital (MO) space. Not only the innermost core MOs but also some of the outermost virtua l MOs can be dropped in the reduced MO space, and a substantial amount of computation time can be reduced without deteriorating the results. In order to study the magnitudes and trends of the effects of the dropped MOs, the geometries and vibrational properties of the ground and excited states of BF, CO, CN, N2, AlCl, SiS, P2, BCl, AIF, CS, SiO, PN and GeSe are calculated with different sizes of molecular orbital space. The 6-31 G* and the aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets are employed for all molecules except GeSc for which the 6-311 G* and the TZV+f basis sets are used. It is shown that the magnitudes of the drop-MO effects are about $0.005\AA$ in bond lengths and about 1% on harmonic frequencies and IR intensities provided that the dropped MOs correspond to (1s), (1s,2s,2p), an (1s,2s,2p,3s,3p) atomic orbitals of the first, the second, and the third row atoms, respectively. The geometries and vibrational properties of the first and the second excited states of HCN and HNC are calculated by using a drastically reduced virtual MO space as well as with the well defined frozen core MO space. The results suggest the possibility of using a very smalI MO space for qualitative study of valence excited states.