• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.136-143
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• 2013

In the study, novel blood pressure estimation method was proposed to improve the accuracy of oscillometric method. The proposed algorithm estimated the blood pressure by comparing and analyzing the point variation aspect of dicrotic notch on pulsating waveform during each cardiac cycle. The waveforms of each cardiac cycle were extracted by maximum points. The extracted pulsating waveforms were applied by re-sampling, end-matching, and normalization. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures were estimated by point variation aspect of dicrotic notch. The blood pressures, which were estimated from proposed algorithm, were compared and analyzed by blood pressures from oscillometric methods and auscultation. The systolic blood pressure from oscillometric methods were +0.88 mmHg more than proposed algorithm, and 1.875 less than the diastolic blood pressures from proposed algorithm. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures from auscultation were 2.89 mmHg and 3.44 mmHg less than the blood pressures from proposed algorithm. As the errors between blood pressures from proposed algorithm, oscillometric method and auscultation were less than 5 mmHg, the proposed algorithm was effective.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2000

To investigate the effects of bacterial endotoxin on lipids and cytokines, and to explain the relationships between their changes, we carried out this study using experi-mentally Escherichia coli (E. coli) endotoxin-induced septicemic rabbits. The triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in endotoxin groups were generally high (p<0.01 or 0.05) at all sampling time points (from 3hr to 24 hr), while phospholipid concentrations in endotoxin groups elevated in dose-dependent fashion at 3hr and 6hr after endotoxin injection compared to control group (p<0.05), There were significant negative correlations between lipids changes and cytokines (TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-1$\beta$) each other (p<0.05), and endotoxic rabbits having higher triglyceride of cholesterol levels shown relatively better conditions compared with others. As a result, the alterations in the lipid compositions caused by endotoxin may imply an active exhibition of the host defense mechanism rather than the disturbances of lipid metabolism.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 2010

Water quality and epiphytic diatom on the submerged stems of reed (Phragmites communis), which occupy 90% of the Donghwa wetland macrophytes were monthly monitored at three points such as inflow stream, high- and low-level wetlands, and outflow stream between March and October, 2005. 1) A diverse and high density of diatom species observed in the cold-season, especially Nitzschia palea and Nitzschia amphibia dominated the diatom community without wetlands. 2) High DAIpo and TDI indices were measured over the sampling periods and stations, regardless of nitrogen increase and phosphorus increase through the wetlands. 3) Higher density of diatom species in high wetland than low wetlands was attributed in the enough nutrients and light penetration by low growth of reed. Therefore, epiphytic diatom of reed stem in Donghwa wetland, where high nutrients released from the sediment and reed debris after the death of macrophytes, flourished with low canopy of low reed vegetation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.61-65
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• 1971

It is well known that shellfish absorb and accumulate heavy metals in the water environment. When the concentration of the heavy metals in the water is above guideline, we find abnormal accumulation of them in the body of shellfish. This study on green oysters is an instance showing the relationship between the abnormal accumulation of heavy metal and industrial wastewaters containing it. The influence of the industrial wastewaters upon shellfish has been discussed from the statistical, physiological, and saprobiensystematic points of view, and the author wants to make clear of the absorption and accumulation mechanism of the heavy metals and physiological situation. This paper deals with the copper-contents in the meat of oysters which were collected in Changhang Bay and Daechun area, the latter being not supposed to be influenced by the water of the Kum River during the period from October 1970 to february 1971. The mean value of the copper contents in oysters caught at the sampling station in the Changhang Bay area is ranged from 851.5 to 143.1mg Cu/kg wet base, and that of Daechun area varied from 13.0 to 27.4mg Cu/kg wet base, so an evident difference is seen at a significance of $0.1\%$. It appears that one of the environmental factors making copper concentrated in the oysters of the Changhang area is due to the copper-contaning slug being discharged into the sea water by the Changhang Ore Refinery.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.773-786
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• 2017

The current study aims to analyze the process of fabric production planning in Dongdaemun Market, which is a successful model case industrial integration in South Korea. We followed the changes in perception among fabric experts, regarding their recognition of fashion trends, and the following planning and process of fabric production. We used the purpose sampling method to select participants for interview in the Dongdaemun Market, then we carried out one-to-one interviews. Our analysis reveals 4 points of importance. First, the fabric planning stage either employed the trend book swatch, or simply reused the model fabrics already available. Even though the experts felt the need to accept the latest fashion trends, very few considered the trends as positive influences in fabric planning. Whereas trend was a key element in identifying the flow of the fashion industry, there were obstacles in carrying out the study. Second, experts frequently participated in domestic fabric seminars, but not in textile exhibitions. Third, domestic and overseas market research has been performed typically at department stores, and typically at Japan. Fourth, the influx of Chinese fabrics has both positive and negative influences, such as low price, and low reliability. In conclusion, experts were less amenable to accepting the latest fashion trends. pre-requisites in real life to meet the use of the current trend of each company. More studies on the Dongdaemun Market from perspectives of practitioners are warranted.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.133-148
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• 2019

This study aimed to explore the moderating effect of family support resources on family caregiver burden as it in turn affects psychological well-being among middle-aged working mothers. Through purposive sampling, the study recruited 325 married employed mothers age 40-50 years who live in Seoul and who have more than 1 child and living parents or parents-in-law. The investigation was performed April 1-30, 2018, with the participants sampled from companies, schools and religious organizations in Seoul. The collected data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 package. The results of this study were as follows: First, of all categories of caregiver burden, the score for burden of caring for elderly parents was 3.01 (SD = .81), slightly higher than the median of 3 points; childcare burden scored 3.16 (SD = .73), also higher than the median value; and family support resources scored 3.40 (.89), higher than the median of 3. Overall psychological well-being rated 3.25 (SD = .56). Second, health and educational level, the burdens of caring for elderly parents and childcare and family support resources were found to significantly affect psychological well-being. Third, family support resources, a moderating variable, were found to significantly moderate and ease the effect of childcare burden on middle-aged working mothers' psychological well-being. Furthermore, in the analysis of their moderating effect, family support resources were confirmed to positively affect psychological well-being by moderating childcare burden experienced by middle-aged working mothers.

• Atmosphere
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.551-566
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• 2019

Quantitative understanding of a random error that is associated with Lagrangian particle dispersion modeling is a prerequisite for backward-in-time mode simulations. This study aims to quantify the random error of the WRF-FLEXPART model and suggest an optimum number of the Lagrangian particles for backward-in-time simulations over the Seoul metropolitan area. A series of backward-in-time simulations of the WRF-FLEXPART model has conducted at two receptor points by changing the number of Lagrangian particles and the relative error, as a quantitative indicator of random error, is analyzed to determine the optimum number of the release particles. The results show that in the Seoul metropolitan area a 1-day Lagrangian transport contributes 80~90% in residence time and ~100% in atmospheric enhancement of carbon monoxide. The relative errors in both the residence time and the atmospheric concentration enhancement are larger when the particles release in the daytime than in the nighttime, and in the inland area than in the coastal area. The sensitivity simulations reveal that the relative errors decrease with increasing the number of Lagrangian particles. The use of small number of Lagrangian particles caused significant random errors, which is attributed to the random number sampling process. For the particle number of 6000, the relative error in the atmospheric concentration enhancement is estimated as -6% ± 10% with reduction of computational time to 21% ± 7% on average. This study emphasizes the importance of quantitative analyses of the random errors in interpreting backward-in-time simulations of the WRF-FLEXPART model and in determining the number of Lagrangian particles as well.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.105-105
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between cervical spine curvature and thermography on neck pain patients. Methods : The cervical spine curvature was assessed on lateral view of plain radiograph by three measurements(Depth of cervical curve, Method of Jochumsen, Angle of cervical curve), then the neck pain patients were divided into straight curvature group(Straight group), normal curvature group(Control I), and no neck pain group(Control II) was selected by random sampling. I measured temperature of the both side Pungji(風池, G20), Kyonjong(肩井, G21), Chonjong(天宗, SI11) by thermography examination on Experimental group(Straight group) and control group(Control I, II), then analyzed the temperature statically with student's t-test, ANOVA. Results : The temperature of six point on Straigt group was lower than that of Control I, but had no significant difference(p>0.05). The temperature of six point on Straigt group was lower than that of Control II. The descent of temperature on Lt. Pungji(風池, G20), Lt. Kyonjong(肩井, G21), Rt. Chonjong(天宗, SI11) had significance(p<0.05). There is no corelation between onset period and mean temperature of six points. Conclusions : Thermography represnets the presence of neck pain, but has no correlation with straight of cervical curvature.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.211-221
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• 2006

The aim of present study was to evaluate the influence of periodontal status of adjacent tooth and loading time to the prevalence of red complex of implant sulcus. In 97 patients, partially edentulous subjects with endosseous root-form implants were selected. All subjects were medically healthy and had not taken systemic antibiotics and professional plaque control 3 months before sampling. The number was as follows: clinically healthy implants:161, clinically unhealthy implants:22, clinically healthy adjacent teeth:73, clinically unhealthy adjacent teeth:38. All teeth and implants of each patient were examined probing depth(PD), modified sulcus bleeding index(mSBI), and modified plaque index(mPI), and samples of subgingival plaque were obtained at each site with sterile curet or fine paper points, then the plaque transferred to PBS. Obtained samples were examined for the presence of P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, and T. denticola by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The relationship among clinical parameters and the colonizations by the 3 bacterial species from adjacent teeth and implants region were analyzed by student t-test (p<0.05). The results of this study were as follows: 1. mPI and mSBI of implant increased with increasing of same indices of adjacent tooth(p=0.03,0.001), but not in the PD . 2. The mPI, mBI, PD of implants was higher when red complex exist. 3. The prevalence of red complex was higher when the periodontal condition is unhealthy. 4. The prevalence of red complex of implants has no significant relation to the probing depth of adjacent tooth. 5. Prevalence of P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis of implants increased with loading time. (p=0.02,0.018) These results shows the importance of oral hygiene and supportive periodontal therapy.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.69-85
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to identify the important contents from teachers’, parents’and students’view points based on the sixth Home Economics textbook contents, to apply these results at school settings and to provide the materials as a basis for the next curriculum revision. Subjects were 59 teachers, 253 parents, and 389 students from 3 cities and 5 counties in CholaBukDo. A questionnaire which was made by the researcher was used as an instrument for this study. The results are as follows： Of 32 contents on Family life subarea, all the teachers, the parents and the students put the emphasis on sex such as pregnancy, purity, sex-ethics, etc. This result means that middle-school students emphasized the sexual identity formation and this was also a common concern about adolescents in our society. Of 37 contents of Managing home resource and Consumer life subarea, teachers though the environment pollution is an important subject and parents and students thought finding a method to conserve good environment were more important. This result reflects their concern on the environment. Of 49 contents on Dietary life, teachers and parents emphasized “the importance of nutritive elements”which is basic on their dietary life and students were more interested in “adolescence and growth and development among adolescents’nutritional characteristics and problems”which is more related to their current life. Of 40 contents on Clothing life subarea, while teachers put the emphasis on the method how they can buy ready-made clothes, parents and students wanted them to teach what kind of clothes are suitable for themselves. Of 18 contents on Residing life subarea, teachers emphasized the importance of ventilation for adjusting the room environment and students were more interested in the effective use of the residing space. By finding out what kinds of Home-economics contents are important from the view point of teachers, parents and students, this study can be a useful resource for the next curriculum revision and for selecting contents of a new-coming text book. However, restricted sampling must be considered and further studies which cover the whole area might be needed.