• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.797-805
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• 1999

T sergenti cDNA library were constructed to get a more broad information about the structural, functional or antigenic properties of the proteins, and analyzes for their partial cDNA sequences and expression sequences tags(ESTg). The mRNA were purified from T sergenti isolates to identify the information of antigen gene, then first and second strand cDNA was synthesized. EcoR I adaptor ligation and Xho I enzyme restriction were used to the synthesized cDNA, and ligated into a Uni-ZAP XR vector. T sergenti cDNA library was constructed with packaging and amplification in vitro. Antibody screening was performed with constructed T sergenti cDNA library using antisera against T sergenti. Among those clones, eight phagemids were rescued from the recombinant in vivo excision with f1 helper phage. Using the analysis of endonuclease restriction and PCR, the recombinant cDNA were proved having a 0.5-3.0kb of inserts. The eight of partial cDNA clones' sequences were obtained and examined for their homology using BLASTN and BLASTX. The eight of sequenced clones were classified into three groups according to the basis of database searches. A total 3,045bp of partial cDNA sequence were determined from six clones. The putatively identified clones contain a cytochrome c gene, a heat shock protein gene, a cyclophilin gene, and a ribosomal protein gene. The unidentified clones have a homology to ATP-binding protein(mtrA) gene of S argillaceus, DNA-binding protein(DBP) gene of Pseudorabies virus 85kDa merozoite protein gene of B bovis, mRNA spm1 protein of T annulata and glycine-rich RNA-binding protein mRNA of O sativa etc.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.347-355
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• 2020

Cognitive impairment is considered to be key research topics in the field of neurodegenerative diseases and in understanding of learning and memory. In the present study, we investigated neuroprotective effects of Schisandra chinensis (SC) and Ribes fasciculatum (RF) extracts in hydrogen peroxide-induced neuronal cell death in vitro and scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in Sprague Dawley^® (SD) rat in vivo. Apoptotic cell death in neuroblastic PC12 cell line was induced by hydrogen peroxide for 1 hour at 100 μM. However, mixture of SC and RF treatment prevented peroxide induced PC12 cell death with no neurotoxic effects. For in vivo experiment, the effect of SC and RF extracts on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in SD rat was evaluated by spontaneous alternation behavior in Y-Maze test. After 30 min scopolamine injection, the scopolamine-induced rats presented significantly decreased % spontaneous alteration and acetylcholine level, compared to non-induced group. However, treatment of SC+RF extracts rescued the reduced % spontaneous alteration with acetylcholine concentration from hippocampus in scopolamine-induced rats. These results suggested that mixture of SC and RF extract may be a potential natural therapeutic agent for the prevention of cognitive impairment.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.265-273
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• 2004

KBPTS is the fortified prescription of Bang-pung-tong-sung-san (BPTS) by adding Spatholobi Clulis and Salviae Miltiorrzae Radix. BPTS prescription has been used in Qriental medicine for the treatments of vascular diseases including hypertension, stroke, and arteriosclerosis, and nervous system diseases. Yet, the overall mechanism underlying its activity at the cellular levels remains unknown. To investigate the protective role of KBPTS on brain functions, noxious stimulations were applied to neurons in vitro and in vivo. KBPTS pretreatment in cultured cortical neurons of albino ICR mice rescued death caused by AMPA, NMDA, and kainate as well as by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) and ferrous chloride (Fe/sup 2+/) treatments. Furthermore, KBPTS promoted animal's recovery from coma induced by a sublethal dose of KCN and improved survival by a lethal dose of KCN. To examine its physiological effects on the nervous system, we induced ischemia in the Sprague-Dawley rat's brain by middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Neurological examination showed that KBPTS reduced the time which is required for the animal after MCA occlusion to respond in terms of forelimb and hindlimb movement$. Histological examination revealed that KBPTS reduced ischemic area and edema rate and also protected neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus from ischemic damage. Thus, the present data suggest that KBPTS may play an important role in protecting neuronal cells from external noxious stimulations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.81-90
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• 2004

Sialic acid containing glycosphingolipids (gangliosides) have been implicated in the regulation of various biological phenomena such as atherosclerosis. Recent report suggeststhat exogenously supplied disialoganglioside (GD3) serves a dual role in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) proliferation and apoptosis. However, the role of the GD3 synthase gene in VSMC responses has not yet been elucidated. To determine whether a ganglioside is able to modulate VSMC growth. the effect of overexpression of the GD3 synthase gene on DNA synthesis was examined. The results show that the overexpression of this gene has a potent inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis and ERK phosphorylation in cultured VSMC in the presence of PDGF. The suppression of the GD3 synthase gene was correlated with the down-regulation of cyclinE/CDK2. the up-regulation of the CDK inhibitor p21 and blocking of the p27 inhibition,whereas up-regulation of p53 as the result of GD3 synthase gene expression was not observed. Consistently, blockade of GD3 function with anti-GD3 antibody reversed VSMC proliferation and cell cycle proteins. The expression of the CD3 synthase gene also led to the inhibition of TNF--induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in VSMC as determined by zymography and immunoblot. Furthermore, GD3 synthase gene expression strongly decreased MMP-9 promoteractivlty in response to TNF-. This inhibition was characterized by the down-regulation of MMP-9,which was Iranscriptionally regulated at NF-B and activation protein-1 (AP-1) sites in the MMP-9promoter Finally, the overexpression of MMP-9 in GD3 synthase transfectant cells rescued VSMC proliferation. However MMP-2 overexpression was not affected the cell proliferation. These findings suggest that the fl13 synthase gene represents a physiological modulator of VSMC responses that may contribute to plaque instability in atherosclerosis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2012

This survey aims to provide information on the pattern of distress in wild avian animals in Gangwon province. This survey is based on 315 wild avian which were rescued by the Kangwon University Wildlife Rescue Center. The data was collected at the Wildlife Animal Center from September 2007 to August 2010, and by analyzing the shape of the wild animals killed or injured, the center seeks an efficient and systematic way to manage such distress. There are 55 species found, in this study including 40 common kestrel, 34 eurasian eagles, 20 common buzzards, 20 collared scops owls, 19 oriental scops owls, 16 brown hawk owls and 160 others. These are the results of the survey: 129 (40.3%) of 315 avian birds were found between June and August. Many cases in that term were observed falling from the nest or losing their mother because of unskilled flight during the breeding season's flight practicing process. Between November and December, 64 individual (20.3%) were found, and it's the second largest number. The main reasons for these results were starvation and exhaustion from the winter migratory season. The results indicated that the main reason for avian distress came from the following: collision with architecture windows in 73 cases (23.2%), starvation and exhaustion in 63 cases (20.0%), collision with vehicles in 51 cases (16.2%), becoming orphaned in 69 cases (21.9%), trespassing into buildings occurred in 19 cases (6.0%), collision with electric wires in 18 cases (5.7%), poaching materials in 13 cases (4.1%), becoming entangled by fishing wire and other miscellaneous materials in 4 cases (1.3%), infection from parasites in 4 cases (1.3%), toxicosis from such toxins like agricultural chemicals in 1 case (0.3%). Overall, the purpose of this investigation was to analyze cases of avian distress in Korea's wildlife. This study used areas, seasons and causes to understand origins of these animals distress. So that it can be utilized for organized wild avian rescue and treatment.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.338-347
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• 2008

Yeast RAD2, a yeast homolog of human XPG gene, is an essential element of nucleotide excision repair (NER), and its deletion confers UV sensitivity and NER deficiency. 6-Azauracil (6AU) sensitivity of certain rad2 mutants revealed that RAD2 has transcription elongation function. However, the fundamental mechanism by which the rad2 mutations confer 6AU sensitivity was not clearly elucidated yet. Using an insertional mutagenesis, PUF4 gene encoding a yeast pumilio protein was identified as a deletion suppressor of rad2${\Delta}$ 6AU sensitivity. Microarray analysis followed by confirmatory RT-qPCR disclosed that RAD2 and PUF4 regulated expression of HPT1 and URA3. Overexpression of HPT1 and URA3 rescued the 6AU sensitivity of rad2${\Delta}$ and puf4${\Delta}$ mutants. These results indicate that 6AU sensitivity of rad2 mutants is in part ascribed to impaired expression regulation of genes in the nucleotide metabolism. Based on the results, the possible connection between impaired transcription elongation function of RAD2/XPG and Cockayne syndrome via PUF4 is discussed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 1998

The maize mitochondrial mutant (NCS2) is derived from homologous recombination between genes encoding NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 and subunit 6. Plants from mitochondria mutants exhibited severe related growth and development including dwarfism and striping on the leaves. Aborted embryos from NCS2 mutants have been rescued and cultured on the N6 medium supplemented with 2,4-D 1 mg/l. Most calli from NCS2 aborted embryos showed slow growing pattern at first stage. However, upon continuous culturing them on the medium, those were segregated into mutant and normal callus lines. These segregations could be detected by using PCR method with three primers. Such segregation seems to be resulted from the preferential growth of normal cells over the mutant cells on the normal culture condition. Therefore, this method can be used for determining rate of indirect cytoplasmic segregation by estimating amplified band intensities. When NCS2 mutant callus lines cultured on regeneration medium, no adventitious shoot induction was observed. However, callus lines with more mitochondria induced adventitious shoots. These studies suggest that mitochondria NADH-dehydrogenase for electron transport in the inner membrane of mitochondria is essential for the differentiation and development of plants.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.423-431
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• 2001

Genomic and cDNA clones containing the RAT3 gene involving in Agobacterium-mediated plant transformation were identified using plant DNA flanking the righ border of a T-DNA rescued from the rat3 mutant as hy-bridization probe. Two highly homologous cDNA clones were identified; one (RAT3-1) weakly hybridized with the probe whereas another (RAT3-2) strongly hybridized with the probe. Both Rat3-1 and Rat3-2 proteins contain a putative signal peptide for secretion. The deduced molecular weights of encoded proteins are 15 kDa. The results of genomic DNA blot analysis and DNA sequencing indicated that RAT3-1 and RAT3-2 exist as single copy genes and they were arranged side by side with just 600 bp distance between them. RAT3-1 was disrupted by the integration of T-DNA into the 3 untranslated region in rat3 mutant. A BLAST search showed that both RAT3-1 and RAT3-2 proteins have homology with only the C-terminal region of $\beta$-1,3-glucanase homologues from Triticum aestivum and Arabidopsis thaliana. Thses $\beta$-1,3-glucanase homologues contain an unusually long C-terminal region with no sig-nificant homology to other $\beta$-1,3-glucanase.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.167-182
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• 2010

Cervi parvum cornu (Deer Antler) and Carthami tinctorii fructus (Also known as Carthami seed) are widely used for treating osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, We found out that the water extract of Cervi parvum cornu(WECPC), Carthami tinctorii fructus(WECTF) and their combination have effects of suppressing the RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. We assayed mRNA expression levels of NFATc1, c-Fos, TRAP and GAPDHS from bone marrow macrophages(BMMs) by means of RT-PCR. Similarly, the protein expression levels of NFATc1, c-Fos, MAPKs and $\beta$-actin in cell lysates were analyzed by means of Western blotting. then we determined the anti-osteoporotic effects of WECPC, WECTF and their combination using Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone-loss mouse. WECPC, WECTF and their combination showed remarkable inhibition on RANKL-treated osteoclast differentiation without cytotoxicity. WECPC suppressed degradation of I-${\kappa}B$. WECPC, WECTF and their combination down-regulated the induction of c-Fos and NFATc1 by RANKL. Lastly, in vivo data showed that WECPC, WECTF and their combination rescued the bone erosion by LPS treatment. Thus, these results demonstrate that WECPC, WECTF and their combination can be efficacious remedies for bone-loss diseases such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.896-902
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• 2017

In this study, we investigated citrus Kombucha (CK) produced by three different bacteria strains (Gluconacetobacter xylinus, Gluconacetobacter medellinensis, and Gluconobacter oxydans; named as CK-MOX) identified from traditional Kombucha. During fermentation, the pH level of CK-MOX was gradually reduced, and total acidity slightly increased. Antioxidant activity, measured by DPPH, ABTS, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays, markedly increased after fermentation. Moreover, fermented CK-MOX (Day15) exhibited anti-proliferative and anti-migratory activities against EJ human bladder carcinoma cells. Western immunoblot assays showed that treatment with CK-MOX significantly up-regulated phospho-extracellular signaling kinase (ERK) levels. To distinguish whether or not up-regulation of phospho-ERK is the cause or effect, we investigated the viability of EJ cells in the presence of U0126, a mitogen activated protein kinase/ERK kinase 1/2 inhibitor. Pre-treatment with U0126 rescued cells from CK-MOX-induced cell death, which indicates phospho-ERK may be a key regulator in the mechanism of CK-MOX-induced apoptosis of EJ bladder cancer cells. In conclusion, CK-MOX, fermented by a defined composition of bacterial starters, shows antioxidant capacity and anti-cancer activity against EJ bladder cancer cells.