• 천문학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.143-153
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• 2018

We present the first results of the invariant point (IVP) coordinates of the KVN Ulsan and Tamna radio telescopes. To determine the IVP coordinates in the geocentric frame (ITRF2014), a coordinate transformation method from the local frame, in which it is possible to survey using the optical instrument, to the geocentric frame was adopted. The least-square circles are fitted in three dimensions using the Gauss-Newton method to determine the azimuth and elevation axes in the local frame. The IVP in the local frame is defined as the mean value of the intersection points of the azimuth axis and the orthogonal vector between the azimuth and elevation axes. The geocentric coordinates of the IVP are determined by obtaining the seven transformation parameters between the local frame and the east-north-up (ENU) geodetic frame. The axis-offset between the azimuth and elevation axes is also estimated. To validate the results, the variation of coordinates of the GNSS station installed at KVN Ulsan was compared to the movement of the IVP coordinates over 9 months, showing good agreement in both magnitude and direction. This result will provide an important basis for geodetic and astrometric applications.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2012

The flight performance evaluation of navigation system is very significant because the reliability of navigation data directly affect the safety of aircraft. Especially, the high-level navigation system such as DGPS/INS, need more precise flight performance evaluation method. The performance analysis is evaluated by comparing between the navigation system in aircraft and reference trajectory which is more precise than navigation system in aircraft. In order to verify DGPS/INS performance of m-level, the GPS receiver, which is capable post-processed Carrier-phase Differential GPS(CDGPS) method of cm-level, have to be used as reference system. The DGPS/INS is estimated the Center of Gravity (CG) point of aircraft to offer precise performance while the reference system is output the position of GPS antenna which is mounted on the outside of aircraft. Therefore, in order to more precise performance evaluation, it needs to compensate the lever arm and coordinates transformation. This paper use quaternion and Direct Cosine Matrix(DCM) methods as coordinate transformation matrix in lever arm compensation of CDGPS reference trajectory. And it compares NED errors of DCM and quaternion transformation in lever arm of reference trajectory via DGPS/INS result.

• 천문학논총
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.31-34
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• 2000

We determined the precise three dimensional WGS84 Coordinates and the sea level height of Seoul Radio Astronomy Observatory (SRAO). In this study, we performed the simultaneous GPS observations at SRAO and Seoul GPS Reference Station(SGRS) of Korea Astronomy Observatory(KAO) for 3.5 hours from 17KST on October 27, 1999. We employed two different antennas, i.e., chokering antenna at SGRS of KAO and L1/L2 compact with groundplane antenna at SRAO. But we employed same type of receivers, i.e., Trimble 4000SSI at both observing places. The observed data were processed by GPSURVEY 2.30 software of Trimble with L1/L2 ION Free technique and broadcasting ephemeris of GPS Satellites because of very short baseline between SGRS of KAO and SRAO. We determined WGS84 latitude, longitude, height and the sea level height of SRAO with $37^{\circ}\;27'\;15.'\;6846N\pm0.'\;0004,\;126^{\circ}\;57'\;19.'\;0727E\pm0.'\;0002,\;204.89m\pm0.02m,\;181.38m\pm0.17m$, respectively.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2021

The article discusses the dead reckoning of the traveled path based on the analysis of the video data stream coming from the optoelectronic surveillance devices; the use of relief data makes it possible to partially compensate for the shortcomings of the first method. Using the overlap of the photo-video data stream, the terrain is restored. Comparison with a digital terrain model allows the location of the aircraft to be determined; the use of digital images of the terrain also allows you to determine the coordinates of the location and orientation by comparing the current view information. This method provides high accuracy in determining the absolute coordinates even in the absence of relief. It also allows you to find the absolute position of the camera, even when its approximate coordinates are not known at all.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.427-435
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• 2022

Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pharyngeal morphology and the success or failure of blind nasotracheal intubation using standard lateral cephalometric radiography and to analyze the measurement items affecting the difficulty of blind nasotracheal intubation. Methods: Assuming a line perpendicular to the Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane, the reference point (O) was selected 1 cm above the posterior-most end of the hard palate. A line passing through the reference point and parallel to the FH plane is defined as the X-axis, and a line passing through the reference point and perpendicular to the X-axis is defined as the Y-axis. The shortest length between the tip of the uvula and posterior pharyngeal wall (AW), shortest length between the base of the tongue and posterior pharyngeal wall (BW), and width of the glottis (CW) were measured. The midpoints of the lines representing each width are defined as points A, B, and C, and the X and Y coordinates of each point are obtained (AX, BX, CX, AY, BY, and CY). For each measurement, a t-test was performed to compare the tracheal intubation success and failure groups. A binomial logistic regression analysis was performed using clinically relevant items. Results: The items significantly affecting the success rate of blind nasotracheal intubation included the difference in X coordinates at points A and C (Odds ratio, 0.714; P-value, 0.024) and the ∠ABC (Odds ratio, 1.178; P-value, 0.016). Conclusion: Using binomial logistic regression analysis, we observed statistically significant differences in AX-CX and ∠ABC between the success group and the failure group.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2001

Geodetic datums define the size and shape of the earth and the origin and orientation of the coordinate systems used to map the earth. A lot of different datums have been developed and each nation uses its own datum as the basis for coordinate systems used to identify positions in geographic information systems. Recently GPS receivers are widely used to find out location and GPS is based on the World Geodetic System 1984(WGS-84) datum. Therefore the diversity of datums in use today requires accurate conversion between coordinates in different datums. In this study a coordinate conversion program on Windows is developed to transform between Tokyo Bessel(1941), which is the reference datum in Korea, and WGS-84. Several examples of coordinate conversion are presented and computed results are tested and proved to be correct.

• 천문학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.147-150
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• 2006

In this paper, initial value problem for dynamical astronomy will be established using parabolic cylindrical coordinates. Computation algorithm is developed for the initial value problem of gravity perturbed trajectories. Applications of the algorithm for the problem of final state predication are illustrated by numerical examples of seven test orbits of different eccentricities. The numerical results are extremely accurate and efficient in predicating final state for gravity perturbed trajectories which is of extreme importance for scientific researches as well as for military purposes. Moreover, an additional efficiency of the algorithm is that, for each of the test orbits, the step size used for solving the differential equations of motion is larger than 70% of the step size used for obtaining its reference final state solution.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2008

기존 2007년에서 2010년으로 유예된 세계측지계 전환과 관련하여 국토지리정보원을 중심으로 다양한 연구결과가 도출되었으며, 기술적 제도적 기반은 어느 정도 갖추어져 있다. 그러나 세계측지계의 실질적 적용을 위한 방안이 제시된바 없어 관련기관의 협조 및 진행 또한 미진하며, 세계측지계 전환에 대한 범부처적인 지원체계가 마련되어 있지 않은 실정이다. 세계측지계의 도입이 범국가적으로 정착되기 위해서는 세계측지계 전환에 따라 발생할 수 있는 문제점들을 사전에 해결할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 세계측지계를 체계적으로 적용하기 위한 변환 대상, 주체, 방법 등을 정립하고 이에 대한 정책적 실행방안을 수립하였다. 또한 중앙부처 및 지방자치단체에서 생산 및 유통되고 있는 지리정보의 세계좌표계 변환에 소요되는 비용을 추정하고 예산 확보방안을 제시하였다. 이를 기반으로 국가기준체계 구축기반을 마련할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 세계측지계 도입으로 인한 혼란을 최소화하고 관련 정책 의사결정의 기반으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.87-95
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 연직선편차를 구하는 방법들을 고찰하고 천문측량성과와 GPS 성과를 이용해 구한 WGS84 타원체에 대한 연직선 편차와 PNU95, EGM96 지오이드 모델로부터 구한 연직선 편차들을 비교하여, 각 방법간의 차이 및 지오이드 모델간의 차이를 살펴보았다. 각 방법으로 구한 연직선 편차를 비교함으로써 다음과 같은 사실을 알 수 있었다. 첫째, 천문경위도를 이용해 구한 연직선 편차와 중력지오이드 모델로부터 구한 연직선 편차는 대부분 비슷한 경향을 보인다. 둘째, 규칙적인 보조점을 사용하여 지오이드 모델로부터 연직선 편차를 구하는 경우 PNU 95와 EGM96 간의 연직선 편차 차이가 천문측량성과에 의한 연직선 편차와 지오이드 모델로부터 구한 연직선 편차간의 차이보다 전반적으로 더 작음을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 동일한 지오이드 모델을 사용할 때, 보조점의 분포모양에 따른 연직선 편차의 차이는 사용데이터에 의한 차이보다 작았으며 향후 본 방법으로 지오이드모델의 정확도 평가가 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2011

Purpose: To apply a computer assisted navigation system to orthognathic surgery, a simple and efficient measuring algorithm calculation based on affine transformation was designed. A method of improving accuracy and reducing errors in orthognathic surgery by use of an optical tracking camera was studied. Methods: A total of 5 points on one surgical splint were measured and tracked by the Polaris $Vicra^{(R)}$ (Northern Digital Inc Co., Ontario, Canada) optical tracking system in two cases. The first case was to apply the transformation matrix at pre- and postoperative situations, and the second case was to apply an affine transformation only after the postoperative situation. In each situation, the predictive measuring value was changed to the final measuring value via an affine transformation algorithm and the expected coordinates calculated from the model were compared with those of the patient in the operation room. Results: The mean measuring error was $1.027{\pm}0.587$ using the affine transformation at pre- and postoperative situations and the average value after the postoperative situation was $0.928{\pm}0.549$. The farther a coordinate region was from the reference coordinates which constitutes the transform matrixes, the bigger the measuring error was found which was calculated from an affine transformation algorithm. Conclusion: Most difference errors were brought from mainly measuring process and lack of reproducibility, the affine transformation algorithm formula from postoperative measuring values by using of optic tracking system between those of model surgery and those of patient surgery can be selected as minimizing the difference error. To reduce coordinate calculation errors, minimum transformation matrices must be used and reference points which determine an affine transformation must be close to the area where coordinates are measured and calculated, as well as the reference points need to be scattered.