• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.367-373
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• 2014

Albedo is one of the critical parameters for understanding global climate change and energy/water balance. In this study, we used red and NIR reflectance from Satellite Pour I'Obervation de la Terre (SPOT)/Vegetation (VGT) S1 product. The product is preprocessed for users that they are atmospherically corrected using Simple Method Atmospheric Correction (SMAC) by Vision on Technology (VITO) for calculating broadband albedo. Roujean's Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) model is a semi-empirical method used for BRDF angular integration and inversion. Each kernel of Roujean's model was multi integrated by angle components (i.e., viewing zenith, solar zenith, and relative azimuth angle). Black-sky hemispherical function is integrated by observational angle; whereas, white-sky hemispherical efficient is integrated by incident angle. Estimated spectral albedo of red ($0.61{\sim}0.68{\mu}m$, B2) and near infrared ($0.79{\sim}0.89{\mu}m$, B3) have a good agreement with MODIS albedo products.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 1998

The mutagenicity of three external colorants, lake red CBA (D&C Red No.9, R-9), rhodamine B stearate (D&C Red No.37, R-37) and permanent orange (D&C Orange No.17, O-17) was evaluated. In this study, the genetic toxicity of the these dyes was examined by in vitro chromosome aberration test in cultured mammalian cells, in vivo micronucleus test in ddY mice, and somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. Three dyes did not induce mutagenicity in chromosome aberration test and micronucleus test. But Red No.9 and Red No. 37 showed slight increase of abnormal wing spots in Drosophila melanogaster.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.127-134
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• 1984

As a series of studies to clarify clonorchicidal substances in body surface mucus of some freshwater fishes, the substance in the epidermal mucus of Cyprinus carpio was isolated by silica gel column and thin layer chromatography and analysed for its chemical nature. Wormicidal trial was done in vitro, and the results obtained are summarized as follows: The mucus was extracted by ethyl ether and separated into 4 fractions by column chromatography using benzene as solvent. The second fraction with yellowish red colour among them showed the strongest clonorchicidal effect. The yellowish red fraction obtained by column chromatography was then fractionated into 6 spots by thin layer chromatography with petrol/ etherjchloroform (30/70, v/v), and the Rf. 0.714 spot among the 6 spots showed the strongest effect. The Rf. 0.714 spot was further fractionated into 6 spots by thin layer chromatography with benzene/acetone (90/10, vlv), and the Rf. 0.800 spot among the later 6 spots revealed the strongest effect. The Rf. 0.800 spot was chromatographed on column with benzene and 2 fractions were obtained. The second fraction of light brown colour represented the final purified fraction. By these Purification Procedures, clonorchicidal substance was Purified 15-fold with 0.035 yield from the mucus of C. carpio, and 10mg of the final fraction killed the cercaria in 26 min, the metacercaria in 115 min, and the adult in 443 min. Infra red and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometric analysis of the purified substance revealed that the substance belongs to an ethyl ester of unsaturated fatty acid with 2 double bonds, 15 methylene groups and 1 methyl group.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2015

This study was carried out to develop the economic thresholds for the control of bacterial spot of red pepper. The correlation between diseased leaf rate and yield in field was Y=-0.724X+281.58, $R^2=0.78$, $r=-0.88^{**}$. The correlation between diseased leaf rate and yield loss in field was Y=0.813X+15.95, $R^2=0.78$, $r=0.88^*$.We found that control thresholds was below 30.3% diseased leaves rate per plant in field. The economic control thresholds for bacterial spot of red pepper was below 16.3%.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.11 no.1_2
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• pp.4-6
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• 1967

Cation exchange resin particles amberlite IRC-50 were used as a medium for a identific test of alkaloids with dragendorff reagent. The procedures were as follows; A few particles of amberlite IRC-50 were added to the small portion of sample solutions on a spot plate or in a test tube. After 20 minutes-an hour, a drop of dragendorff reagent were added to particles of resin that were adsorbed. When alkaloid was present, the original color of the resin particles changed instantly to red or reddish orange depending on the amount and kind of alkaloid, while in the absence of alkaloid the original color of the resin particles changed light yellow. These methods were more sensitive than the ordinary spot test or paper spot test for alkaloid. The limits of identifications of nine alkaloids were tested by these methods and compared with the paper spot test method.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.183-190
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• 1996

To design three-mirror telescope system (F/8, 120 inch in focal length) for visible and infra-red band imaging, methods for power configuring and correction of the third order aberrations were studied. In the design of the telescope system, a three-mirror system corrected for spherical aberration, coma, and astigmatism was used for infra-red imaging, and the aberrations were corrected by using conic surfaces. For visible imaging, a singlet corrector lens was appended at the front of the focal plane to correct filed curvature. The telescope system has diffraction limited performance for 10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in wavelength within 2.4$^{\circ}$ of field-of-view. In the visible band imaging, the rms spot size of the telescope system is less than 25 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ within 3$^{\circ}$ of field-of-view for monochromatic light, and the telescope system satisfies flat field condition for CCD application.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.711-714
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• 2010

A new cultivar 'Daemang' ($Hibiscus$ hybrid 'Daemang') originated from the interspecific cross between $Hibiscus$ $sinosyriacus$ 'Seobong' and $Hibiscus$ $syriacus$ 'Namwon' to improve the flower quality in 2001. 'Daemang' was preliminarily selected as 'R-143' in 2003 for its stable flower quality with long red eye spot and named in 2006. The tree habit shows vigorous growth and is upright, so it can be used as a specimen tree or street tree. Characteristic tests such as leaf shape, leaf size, flower characteristics, flowering, and capsule size were conducted from 2004 to 2006. The characteristics succeed after grafting. 'Daemang' had pink color flower with red eye spot. The width of flower is 15.2 cm. Petal length and width are 8.0 cm and 6.4 cm, respectively. Leaves are 9.49 cm long and 8.72 cm wide. After the plant characteristics evaluation for 3 years (2004~2006), it was registered as a variety 'Daemang' in 2008.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.63-65
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• 2002

Red spot disease was found on broad bean (Vicia faba) in several farmer's field located in Changseon-myon, Namhae-gun, Gyeongnam provice in Korea. The typical symptoms of the disease were appeared on leaves and stems. The infection rates of the disease in the surveyed area were ranged from 16.4 to 84.6%. Lesions on the leaves were round with 1~4.2 mm in size and on the stem were narrow long fusiform with 1~15 mm in size. Conidia and conidiaphores were not readily farmed on PDA, however, a few conidia were formed on PDA added in extracts of 10 g of broad bean leaves. Conidia were light yellow green in color, globose or obovoid in shape, and 10~24$\times$8~22 $\mu$m in size. Conidiophores were cylindrical in shape, light brown in color and 3.6~12.8 $\mu$m in wide. Sclerotia of the fungus were readily formed in artificial media such as PDA. They were ellipsoid to irregular in shape, 1.2~11.8 mm in size and dark in color, The optimum temperature far growth of the fungus was about 2$0^{\circ}C$. On the basis of mycological characteristics, the fungus was identified as Botrytis fabae. This is the first report on the red spot of broad bean caused by Botrytis fabae in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.62-70
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• 2019

The global warming by increased $CO_2$ will effect of plant pathogenic microorganisms and resistance of host plants, and it is expected to affect host-pathogen interactions. This study used Capsicum annuum L. and Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, a pathogenic bacteria of pepper, to investigate interactions between hosts and pathogens in a complex environment with increasedcultivation temperature and drought stress. As a result, the bacterial spot disease of C. annuum L. caused by X. euvesicatoria was $35^{\circ}C$ higher than $25^{\circ}C$. In addition, the effect on water potential on bacterial spot disease was much greater water potential -150 kPa than -30 kPa. The disease progress and severity higher than water potential -30 kPa. This result will useful for understanding interaction with red pepper and X. euvesicatoria under the complex environment with increased cultivation temperature and in water potential -150 kPa drought stress in the future.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.172-178
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• 1999

In this study, we tested possibility of replacing nitrite salts, which were always added during the meat product processing, with the metabolites produced by antimicrobial and red pigment producing Monascus strains. We have already shown that Monascus No. 116 strain has the highest antimicrobial activity among the strains isolated from Ang-Khak. Monascus isolate No. 229 was chosen due to its outstanding red pigment producing ability. The red pigment production by No. 229 was highest in the medium containing 8% sucrose, 2% yeast extract, 0.1% K2HPO4, 0.5% MgSO4. Optimum pH and temperature for the red pigment production were pH 6.2 and 3$0^{\circ}C$, was found in spot or Rf value 0.54 on TLC plate using ethyl acetate-acetone-water (4:4:1, v/v/v) as development solvent system. Isolate No. 116 and No. 229 were cultured in a optimal condition for the antimicrobial activity and red pigmentation. The culture concentrates were applied in situ to the production of instantly processed ham. Mixed application of 89 ppm Na-nitrite and 300 ppm of culture broth concentrate of Monascus isolate No. 116 and 500 ppm of red color produced by Monascus isolate No. 229 showed similar results with the single application of 94 ppm Na-nitrite. These results confirmed that the antimicrobial activity and red pigment of Monascus strains might be valuable to replace Na-nitrite salt in meat processing.