• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.431-440
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to determine the factors that influence job satisfaction for ICU nurses and to analyze group differences in job satisfaction based on the nurses' preference and perception of the work environment with an enhanced professional role. A total of 231 nurses who had been working in Intensive Care Units at least for 6 months at selected university hospitals participated in the study while head nurses or those with administrative positions were excluded. The study participants had an average of 33 months of clinical experience with an age range of 23 to 40 years. The data were analyzed by utilizing SPSSWIN and the results are as follows. 1) Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that work characteristics defined by Job characteristics theory and nurses' preference / perception of ideal work environment together explained 33% of variance in job satisfaction. Skill variety, task identity and autonomy as well as individual perception of work environment were significant variables for explaining job satisfaction. Job satisfaction was not significantly related to age, marital status, education, and clinical experience. 2) The groups classified by nurses' preference and perception of work environment were significantly different in their job satisfaction. Nurses with high preference and high perception showed significantly higher general and specific job satisfaction than other nurses. The nurses who showed high preference but perceived their work environment as not reflecting ideal job characteristics reported the lowest job satisfaction among the groups. In conclusion, the role of individual preference and perception of the work environment in explaining the relationship between the redesign of work environment and job satisfaction was supported by the study, The preferences of nurses to the innovative work characteristics should be considered in the process of enhancing job characteristics to lead job satisfaction and low turnover and ultimately to improve quality of care.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.19-27
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• 2002

When we research a landscape or make a Landscape Impact Assessment, we use the image of a specific season like summer or fall. Since there are four distinct seasons, each with a different landscape, researchers need to understand viewers′visual preferences for individual seasonal landscapes. The purpose of this study is to investigate viewers′visual preferences according to seasonal change and the respondent′s age, gender and profession. In this research, the independent variable is season: suing, summer, fall, winter and snowy winter. Three landscape types used in the experiment: forest, street and agriculture. Each landscape type has two sites for reliability. The assessment media for this research are pictures featuring landscapes taken in each of the four seasons. The study used the "paired comparison" method for taking the score of visual preference. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The summer landscape has the highest visual preference score. However, spring and fall landscapes should also be considered for visual landscape evaluation. 2. The visual preference of winter landscape covered with snow is very high, but since snow is temporal and irregular, it is difficult to consider this factor for visual landscape evaluation. 3. The visual preference score of winter is the lowest of four seasons. The attractive factors of spring are flowers, summer is greenery and fall is autumnal tints. But these are not present in winter. 4. The result of visual preferences according to age groups, gender and profession have no serious differences. 5. Visual preference to scenery of 4 seasons by age group was not different from general preference and thus was concluded to have no connection with age. 6. As a result from the research of visual preference to scenery of 4 seasons by sex, women were shown to like snow-scene more than men. This study presents an indication of general preferences of seasonal landscapes. It is expected that more advanced study will proceed after this one.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.845-859
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the regional differences in food preference among college students participating in a nutrition education program via internet. The subjects were 1672 college students (male: 762, female: 910) and divided into 4 regional groups. A survey using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire on taste and food preferences. Data was collected via internet or by mail. Prevalence of the food preferences among regional groups was examined using SPSS statistical package. Food preferences were significantly associated with sex and region. Female students in Chungcheong and Kyungsang areas showed significantly higher preference of the hot taste compared to Seoul and Kyunggi areas. Female students in Seoul, Kyunggi and Chungcheong areas showed significantly higher preference of the boiled bean rice compared to the Kyungsang area. The preference for Kimchi stew of female students in Seoul and Kyunggi was significantly higher than those in Chungcheong and Kyngsang areas. Male students in the Chungcheong area showed significantly higher Preferences of the Young radish kimchi, while female students in this area showed significantly higher preference of the Radish kimchi compared to other areas. The preference for roasted laver of female students in Seoul, Kyunggi and Kyungsang areas was significantly higher compared to the Chungcheong area. The preference for fried chicken of male students in Seoul was significantly higher than that in other areas. The preference for bean sprouts and season bonnet bellflower of male students in Seoul, Chungcheong and Kyungsang areas were significantly higher compared to the Kyunggi area. Therefore, these results Provide nation-wide information on food Preferences among Korean college students. (Korean J Community Nutrition 10(6) : $845\∼859$ 2005)

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.405-412
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• 2003

This research investigated the preference factor which has an effect on the forms of bus stop shelter in order to grasp the visual preference factor, which is necessary for planning and designing of bus stop shelter centering around user, starting with the question of the research regarding that a shelter is preferred by what kind of factor when the environmental conditions are regular. This research examined the relation between visual preference and preference factor which has an effect on it with Multiple Regression Analysis after evaluating visual preference for shelter form by user as applying of scoring system of Interval Scale. The result of the factor analysis by visual evaluation for the form of bus stop shelter through the said research result will have an great effect on the design of bus stop shelter centering around its user. Therefore, this research result will give a knowledge which is necessary for the plan and the installation of bus stop shelter, and contributes to shelter design and bus stop promotion which can maximize the satisfaction of user. As well, concerning the management of bus stop facilities, it will give useful guidelines for planning strategically the shelter management centering around user. In particular, It is estimated that the preference factor analysis by visual evaluation of the mass transportation user in daily life will be the cardinal point for bus stop plan.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.631-643
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to compare, according to tone variation of a red jacket, the preference of female college students from Korea and the U.S. for coloration in the traditional Korean dress. The results of the research can be summarized as follows: As to a vivid skirt according to tone variation of red jacket, students of both countries showed the different view in the preference for coloration of vivid red skirt and vivid. dark red jacket, and vivid orange skirt and dull red jacket, and vivid yellow skirt and light dull red jacket, and vivid violet skirt and dull red jacket. As to the light skirt according to tone variation of red jacket, student of both countries showed the different view in the preference for coloration of light red skirt and light red jacket, and light orange skirt and light red jacket. As to the dull skirt according to tone variation of red jacket, student of both countries showed the different view in the preference for coloration of dull red skirt and vivid light dull dark red jacket, and dull yellow skirt and light dull red jacket, and dull yellow skirt and light dull red jacket, and dull green skirt and dull red jacket, and dull violet skirt and vivid light dull dark red jacket. As to the dark skirt according to tone variation of red jacket, student of both countries showed the different view in the preference for coloration of dark red skirt and dull dark red jacket, and dark orange skirt and vivid light dull red jacket, and dark yellow skirt and dull red jacket. As to the neutral skirt according to tone variation of red jacket, student of both countries showed the different view in the preference for coloration of white skirt and vivid red jacket, and dark gray skirt and light red jacket.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.302-311
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to provide preliminary data for better safety control over children's preference foods sold in school stores. The survey was conducted from June to July 2009, to collect 749 types of children's preference foods sold in 150 middle and high school stores nation-wide excluding Jeju Island and general and nutrition information were analyzed. Out of 749 types of snack food items, 689 and 602 snacks were sold at high school and middle school stores respectively. Among children's preference foods, cookies, bread, and ice-cream were the main items. Among them, 98% of snacks were domestic products and the price range of each individual snacks were mostly between 600 and 900 won. 27.8% of children's preference foods sold were found to be in the high calorie/low nutrition food group. Even though the proportion of candy and fruit/vegetable beverages sold were not high, their proportion in high calorie/low nutrition snack group were higher than 68.1%. Among the children's preference foods sold in middle and high school stores, carbonated drinks and ramen were continuously sold in certain middle and high schools, even though sales were prohibited. This study concludes that government, corporations and retailers should work together in developing healthier children's snack distribution environment. In addition, dairy products, which take up 15% of children's preference food, should be diversified to meet their nutrient requirements.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.559-568
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the intakes and perceptions of convenient breakfast related to age and family type. The survey included 545 men and women living in Seoul from June to July. Questionnaire items covered their age, gender, family types, breakfast intakes and preference for convenient breakfast menu. As a result, there were significant differences in the number of breakfast intakes per week according to family types; large families recorded the highest frequency in "I have breakfast everyday" and the couple-only families and nuclear families scored relatively high numbers. In terms of the type of breakfast, the first choice was "rice and side dishes" across all the age groups (69.3%). There were differences in the preference of convenient breakfast in "bread", "cereal", "rice cake", "sunsik", and "rice gruel" by different age. The teens exhibited the highest preference of bread (5.63), and cereal (5.53) for breakfast; those who were in their fifties for rice cake (5.42). Both forties and fifties showed the higher preference of sunsik (4.58, 4.76) and rice gruel (5.89, 5.77) than other age groups. As for the preference for convenient breakfast according to family types, single person families displayed the highest preference of bread (5.42) and cereal (5.75). Couple families showed higher preference of rice gruel (5.82) than other family groups. The preference level for "rice cake" was similar among all the family types. As a result, it is suggested that the development of various breakfast menus considering age groups and family types is needed so that modern people can enjoy breakfast in terms of quality and quantity in their busy daily life.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.149-156
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• 2002

The success of a product is only possible on the basis of user preference for products and the user preference for products is greatly influenced by the design. Designers have to understand user preference and convert it into the combination of specified design attribute, and after that they should design products which have the image that they want to get. Then the product will be sure to be a hit. Therefore, on the point of view of design, it is necessary to find oui definitely the consumer preference frame : the relationship among design preference - design images - design attribute. This study will give you guidelines on which designers can select and design some more objective and reliable design factors, finding out the relation of cause and effect by which they can know what kind of product designs their consumers like and how the popular image which that products offer is composed of. Therefore, in this study, after we developed the consumer response framework which is proposed by Bloch(1995) : distinct relationship model among preference - design image adjective - design factors, we analyzed the relationship among preference-design image adjective - design factors through the empirical researches. And then we give the way of design.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.103-111
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• 2010

The study was conducted to examine the possible psychological difference in visual preference for natural landscape depending on the residence characteristic of the visitors, with the aim to use as the reference when creating space for natural landscape. Visitors were classified into three groups, namely, urban, suburban, and rural residents, and their preferred type of landscape was surveyed. The result showed that regardless of their residence the highest preference was to the place with superior natural landscape features, and among such features the common preference was toward the landscapes with horizons and those with animals. Urban and suburban residents showed similar preference pattern, and there was artistically significant difference with rural residents. In this respect, the difference in preference for natural landscapes could be induced between urban and rural residents. Rural residents had similar preference with urban residents in that they both preferred the place with superior natural landscape features, but differed in that the former had significantly higher preference toward the landscapes that have mixed artificial elements. From the above research, the following conclusions can be inferred:for regions that need to create natural landscapes, differentiated visual landscape plans and strategies need to be established taking into account, inter alia, the natural richness of the neighborhood natural environment; for regions that need to conserve and manage natural environment and landscapes, the measures to adjust the natural landscape management plans need to be established taking into account the neighborhood environment of the protected areas and the number of visitors to the region.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.339-353
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• 1999

This research was to identify the relationships between sex role attitude and the preference of fashion advertising formatted by sex role expression, and to examine the relationships among sex role attitude and sociographic variables. This research has been done for 618 university students and working group who are living in Cheongju and Seoul. For data analysis, descriptive analysis, ANOVA, and t-test were used. The results are the following: 1. In the view of the preference of fashion advertising, the stereotypical fashion advertising has more point than the androgynous fashion advertising. 2. The advertising formation preference showed a little difference significantly by sex role attitude. The group with conservative sex role preferred the stereotypical fashion advertising. The group with open-minded sex role preferred the androgynous fashion advertising. 3. Women preferred the androgynous advertising. As the aged, they preferred the stereotypical fashion advertising and have the conservative sex role. University students have more intention to buy with an androgynous fashion commercial than working group have and they have the open-minded about sex. The group subscribed the fashion magazine has more preference for androgynous fashion advertising, as they have more open-minded sex role than other group not subscribed the fashion magazine. This results imply that the androgynous formatted advertizing is still hard to get the influence of a general market promotion because most consumers have a low androgynous fashion advertizing preference. The preference of the fashion advertizing which expressed a sex role showed significant differences as social demographics, and a sex-role attitude. Therefore, the market segment and advertising strategies which are based on sex role and consumer characteristics would be very effective.