• Macromolecular Research
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2003

Organic drugs including aspirin, omeprazole, and naproxen with three different levels of octanol/water partition coefficient were examined for their release behavior from the amphiphilic PCL-b-PEO-b-PCL (PCEC) matrix. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of PCEC illustrated a well defined two-phase morphology consisted of dispersed poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) domain and continuous polycaprolactone (PCL) phase. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) experiments veri tied that three model drugs are dissolved as a molecular dispersion in PCEC matrix. The release of hydrophilic aspirin closely followed the water absorption profile of the matrix indicating that its major fraction is present in PEO domain. However, substantial amount of aspirin present in less hydrophilic region displayed discontinuous biphasic release pattern. In the case of omeprazole with intermediate hydrophobicity consistent release behavior was observed for a period of 24 hrs after the rapid liberation of ca. 10% of the drug presumably partitioned in PEO phase. It was ascribed to the fact that the progressive hydration of PCEC matrix gradually increased the chance of drug/water exposure to compensate the exhaustion of device. Naproxen with the highest octanol/water distribution coefficient among three model drugs exhibited a limited release of 35% for 24 hrs. Finally, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP)/PCEC blend matrix demonstrated an accelerated and quantitative release of hydrophobic naproxen by generating high porosity and thereby expanding polymer/water interface.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 1999

In this paper, an efficient and accurate formulation for the transient analysis of constrained multibody systems is presented. The formulation employs Kane's method along with the null space method. Kane's method reduces the dimension of equations of motion by using partial velocity matrix: it can improve the efficiency of the formulation. Furthermore, the formulation partitions the coefficient matrix of linear and nonlinear equations into several sub-matrices using kinematic uncoupling. This can solve the equations more efficiently. The proposed formulation can be used to perform dynamic analysis of systems which can be partitioned into several sub-systems such as train systems. One numerical example is given to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the formulation, and another numerical example is given to show its application to the train systems.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.30-41
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• 1992

Analysis of Dynamic Characterisocs of Rectangular Plate by Finite Element Method. Dynamic characteristics of a rectangular plate with opening in it is studied by finite element method. To investigate these characteristics 12 degrees of freedom membrane finite element in used. The rectangular membrane finite elements are defined by specifying geometry, internal displacement functions and strain-displacement relations. Then, the governing equation for the finite element is derived by energy method. To derive the mass matrix and stiffness matrix of the element, expressions for strain and kineic energy in terms of the node displacement are generated. In constructing the overall structure matrix, the matrix of each elements are superposed and partitioned by applying the given boundary condition to obtain a nonslngular matrix. To find the natural freguencies and viration modes, the eigen values and the corresponding eigen vectors are computed by the computer using well known Jacobi power method. In order to verify the capability of the membrane finite element, a flat rectangular plate is analyzed first, and the result is compared with well known analytical results to show the good agreement. A rectangular plate with opening in It is analyzed with the same finite element. The results are presented in this paper. Unfortunately, the literature study could not provide with some results to compare, but the results reveal that the output of this research is phlslcally reasonable. And the results of this research are useful not only in practice but also for the future experimental research in comparison purpose.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1990

발전기-무한모선 계통에 대한 동적특성을 상세한 모델로 표현했을 때 A행열 원소들간의 상호 연관성을 전류모델 및 자속쇄교수모델에 대하여 규명하였다. A행열은 초기동작점과 관련있는 부분행열과 관련없는 부분행열로 분할할 수 있으며 여러개의 서로 다른 초기동작점에 대한 안정도 계산시 관련있는 부분행열만 열연산(Column Operation)으로 할 수 있음을 보였다. 이들 원소들을 발전기제작회사에서 제공하는 데이터로부터 직접적으로 계산할 수 있으며 초기상태변수값은 실효치를 그래도 시용할 수 있도록 하여, 상세한 모델의 A행열의 우너소계산을 간단히 할 수 있다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 4th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Organized by the University of New South Wales
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• pp.550-555
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• 2011

Utilizing construction knowledge and experiences in design phase can reduce change orders and improve productivity in construction phase. To do so, information must be made available to the design team in time. Current approaches for effective utilization of constructability knowledge, however, only focus on the formalization of constructability knowledge such as a checklist, which lacks the consideration of the appropriate use at the proper point in time. The inadequate use of constructability knowledge can result in unnecessary reworks. To deal with this problem, the design team needs to know what constructability knowledge is required for specific design activities in the design process. This paper presents a constructability implementation model using the dependency structure matrix (DSM) that focuses on information flows between design activities and constructability knowledge. For this objective, design activities in the design process are modeled in a matrix form based on their dependency. Then, constructability knowledge, which needs to be considered in the design stage, is mapped into activities and incorporated into the matrix, creating Constructability-DSM (C-DSM). Next, the partitioning algorithm is applied to C-DSM for optimal information flow. The Partitioned C-DSM is then analyzed based on the relationship between activities. Finally, the optimal utilization of construction knowledge in the design process is determined by identifying what constructability knowledge is required for each design activity, and how and when it is reflected to design for constructability. Thus, this research can help provide robust control actions to reduce unnecessary iterative cycles in design process for efficient constructability implementation.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.324-330
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• 1990

In this study, in order to perform dynamic design of machine tools reasonably and effectively, a method was formulated to be applicable to the damped structures connected by joints having elasticity and damping by using substructure synthesis method. And a nonlinear solution method was proposed and it formulates the nonlinear parts by describing functions and uses the reducing transformation matrix by the substructure synthesis method. The results of frequency response analysis of a machine tool, where an NC lathe was partitioned by three parts of spindle, housing and bed-base part and the nonlinearity of bearing parts between spindle and housing was modelled, showed force dependency of the response.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.217-219
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• 2001

This paper presents a new eigenvalue sensitivity analysis method based on AESOPS algorithm. The additional calculation steps are derived from the original AESOPS algorithm. The additional calculation steps are performed directly from the AESOPS algorithm after iteratively calculating electro-mechanical oscillation modes in small signal stability problems. Owing to the structural characteristics of partitioned sub-matrix of state space equations, the partial differentiation terms of system state matrix for obtaining eigenvalue sensitivity indices can be calculated very simply. By the method presented in this paper, the AESOPS algorithm can be used in controller design problem as well as analysis of small signal stability problem.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.437-444
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• 1998

In this paper, an efficient and accurate formulation for the transient analysis of constrained multibody systems is presented. The formulation employs Kane's method along with the null space method. Kane's method reduces the dimension of equations of motion by using partial velocity matrix: it can improve the efficiency of the formulation. Furthermore, the formulation partitions the coefficient matrix of linear and nonlinear equations into several sub-matrices using kinematic uncoupling. This can solve the equations more efficiently. The proposed formulation can be used to perform dynamic analysis of systems which can he partitioned into several sub-systems such as train systems. One numerical example is given to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the formulation, and another numerical example is given to show its application to the train systems.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.201-210
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 입력 데이터 특성을 반영하여 전력 효율이 좋은 2차원 DCT/IDCT 구조를 제안한다. 일반적으로 비디오와 영상 데이터 압축에 있어서 제로 또는 작은 값들이 입력 데이터의 많은 부분을 차지하므로 제안 방식에서는 이러한 특성을 이용하여 소모 전력을 줄인다. 특히, 간단한 AND와 비트-슬라이스 매스크(MASK)를 사용하여 곱셈기와 누산기 (accumulator) 내에서 제로를 곱하는 것을 생략하고 요구되는 세분화된 가산기들의 비트-슬라이스를 동적으로 활성화 또는 비 활성화한다. 제안 방식을 1-D DCT/IDCT에 적용하여 얻은 결과에서는 매트릭스 전치에서 전력 절감을 위해 이용되는 불필요한 부호확장비트(SEBs)를 갖고 있지 않음을 보여주고 있다. 비트 레벨 트랜지션 빈도 시뮬레이션(bit-level transition activity simulations)을 통해 기존의 설계에 비해 뚜렷한 전력 절감 효과를 확인하였다.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.241-245
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• 2012

Categorical data collected based on complex sample design is not proper for the standard Pearson multinomial-based chi-squared test because the observations are not independent and identically distributed. This study investigates effects of bias of point estimator of population proportion and its variance estimator to the standard Pearson chi-squared test statistics when the sample is collected based on complex sampling scheme. This study examines the effect under two population homogeneity test. The standard Pearson test statistic can be partitioned into two parts; the first part is the weighted sum of ${\chi}^2_1$ with eigenvalues of design matrix as their weights, and the additional second part which is added due to the biases of the point estimator and its variance estimator. Our empirical analysis shows that even though the bias of point estimator is small, Pearson test statistic is very much inflated due to underestimate the variance of point estimator. In the connection of design-based variance estimator and its design matrix, the bigger the average of eigenvalues of design matrix is, the larger relative size of which the first component part to Pearson test statistic is taking.