• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.53-64
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• 1998

This study was performed to build up the ecological guidelines to grasp the structure of the vegetation change which is due to river rehabilitation. Anyway, river ecosystem and function has been destroyed owing to river development. It is important that river vegetation supplies ecological corridor and biotope. Two survey sites(Wonsungcheon and Pungseocheon)were investigated in the aspect of plant ecosystem and structure to settle the practical concept of river ecosystem. Each survey site was subdivided to five plots. The site was surveyed through the belttransect method. Wonsungcheon gets more seriously polluted as it runs to the urban area. In other words, there are On the other hand, Pungseocheon has more naturality but its downstream is under the pressure of various wood plants in the upstream area, but downstream area is dominated by naturalized plants such as Bidens frondosa, Panicum dichotomiflorum, etc. Riverbank of downstream has been changed into farm and parking lot. development. It should be preserved definitely because it still has abundant naturality and wetland which formed a biotope. The objective of the research is to find out the river retrogression and maintenance methods based on the riparian vegetation structure. To manage the river ecologically, hydrophytes should be induced partly for natural purification after the riverside is rehabilitated. The vegetation should be induced step by step to restore natural river and steady monitoring and research are required.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.451-462
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• 2007

There are various ways of the conventional market boost are suggested for an urban renewal recently. Presently, the government has decided to invest total 8 hundred and 10 billion dollars, including a budget of 4 hundred and 60 billion dollars and a capital of the local government, for it for the next 3 years. But, Since Its business has been focused on the redevelopment of the surroundings; remodeling, building parking lots and elevators etc, it has not solved the basic problems of the traditional marketplaces themselves. This research shows the right way to boost the traditional markets with the characteristic of them through case studys from the different cities, revaluation of their images besides the western styled wholesale markets. The survey targets on the traditional marketplaces and the wholesale markets around Tea-Hwa river in Ulsan. And, the different impressions of them are evaluated based on SD(semantic differential method) with citizens' general point of views of them, the sampled pictures and relevant adjectives. The conventional market boost finds the way to be succeeded through the analysis of a primary element base on the survey.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.89-99
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is to determine the deterioration characteristics of high-rise and high-density apartment complexes in 1st period new towns in order to regenerate apartments as sustainable residential environments in Korea. For this purpose, the level of deterioration was evaluated by using 'evaluating indicators of the level of deterioration of high-rise and high-density apartments'. The deterioration characteristics were determined inclusively and concretely based on evaluation results. In addition, the deterioration level according to residents' awareness of the deterioration of their apartment was evaluated. This study was conducted by methods of field data collection, staff interview, field measurement, and resident survey according to the measurement of the evaluating indicators. And the re-organized questionnaire based on the evaluating indicators was utilized for a survey of resident's awareness. The results are as follows: In the physical dimensions of apartments, the deterioration characteristics included deteriorated equipment and a decline in structural performance due to the aging of the apartment, a shortage of parking spaces, and the low flexibility of the bearing wall structure, etc. In terms of the social dimensions, the apartments showed an increase in the number of elderly households, a shortage of community facilities, and a lack of the opportunity for community participation etc. In terms of the economic dimensions, the apartments showed limitations in maintenance & repair and a lack of environmentally friendly features.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.202-217
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• 2022

Purpose: The recent increased use of Personal Mobility (PM) has been accompanied by a rise in the annual number of accidents. Accordingly, the safety requirements for PM use are being strengthened, but the laws/systems, infrastructure, and management systems remain insufficient for fostering a safe environment. Therefore, this study comprehensively searches the main problems and improvement methods through a review of previous studies that are related to PM. Then the priorities according to the importance of the improvement methods are presented through the Delphi survey. Method: The research method is mainly composed of a literature study and an expert survey (Delphi survey). Prior research and improvement cases (local governments, government departments, companies, etc.) are reviewed to derive problems and improvements, and a problem/improvement classification table is created based on keywords. Based on the classification contents, an expert survey is conducted to derive a priority improvement plan. Result: The PM-related problems were in 'non-compliance with traffic laws, lack of knowledge, inexperienced operation, and lack of safety awareness' in relation to human factors, and 'device characteristics, road-drivable space, road facilities, parking facilities' in relation to physical factors. 'Management/supervision, product management, user management, education/training' as administrative factors and legal factors are divided into 'absence/sufficiency of law, confusion/duplication, reduced effectiveness'. Improvement tasks related to this include 'PM education/public relations, parking/return, road improvement, PM registration/management, insurance, safety standards, traffic standards, PM device safety, PM supplementary facilities, enforcement/management, dedicated organization, service providers, management system, and related laws/institutional improvement', and 42 detailed tasks are derived for these 14 core tasks. The results for the importance evaluation of detailed tasks show that the tasks with a high overall average for the evaluation items of cost, time, effect, urgency, and feasibility were 'strengthening crackdown/instruction activities, education publicity/campaign, truancy PM management, and clarification of traffic rules'. Conclusion: The PM market is experiencing gradual growth based on shared services and a safe environment for PM use must be ensured along with industrial revitalization. In this respect, this study seeks out the major problems and improvement plans related to PM from a comprehensive point of view and prioritizes the necessary improvement measures. Therefore, it can serve as a basis of data for future policy establishment. In the future, in-depth data supplementation will be required for each key improvement area for practical policy application.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to offer the importance on factors of selecting dental institution according to general characteristics targeting general dental patients, and the information of having important influence upon choosing dental clinic and dental hospital. The survey was carried out from August 2009 to September. As a result of analyzing SAS(ver 9.1), the following conclusions were obtained. In the importance on factors of selecting dental institution according to general characteristics, it was thought to be important in convenience of movement or mobility such as distance, transportation, and parking convenience according to age level. According to final academic background, the importance in a factor of rumor in dental clinic was high(p < 0.05). According to job, the significant difference was shown in rumor of dentistry and parking convenience(p < 0.05). According to income, the factor in the appearance of training a medical specialist was indicated to be statistically higher in the group with over 5 million won than the group with under 2 million won(p < 0.05). Given seeing the distribution of opinion about dental hospitals (comparison with dental clinics), the excellence in the medical staff's ability was indicated to be the highest in all of the factor of influencing the use satisfaction(${\beta}=0.18$), the factor of influencing the recommendation level(${\beta}=0.21$), and the factor of influencing the re-use intention(OR=2.09).

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2014

Purpose - Theorists and researchers in the area of customer satisfaction generally agree that product satisfaction intervenes between expectancy disconfirmation and various post-purchase cognitive states including attitude and behavioral intention. Studies in a variety of settings have supported the effect of expectation and its disconfirmation on satisfaction, but only a small number of studies address the cognitive consequences of satisfaction decisions and none report data on choice processes such as brand selection. This study examines the influence of satisfaction and its determinants on behavioral intention and product preference in eight coffee shops across the country. Generally it was found in both overall and summed attribute analyses that satisfaction was a function of expectation and disconfirmation, that intention was a function of satisfaction, and that preference was influenced by satisfaction and disconfirmation, the latter having the greater effect. Research design, data, and methodology - The main objective of this study was to assess the dimensions of consumer selection and satisfaction in choosing a coffee shop. In order to achieve this objective, a study of coffee shops across the country was conducted. This study comprised in-depth questionnaires distributed to coffee shop customers. A survey was conducted from September 1, 2011 to September 30, 2011, involving franchise coffee shop, independently owned coffee shop, and roastery coffee shop customers. Results - Hypothesis 1-1, which states that coffee shop choice attributes differ based on the type of coffee shop, is accepted. It has a significance level of 0.05, according to choosing properties of coffee shop by convenience of transportation, varieties of beans, residence of the owner (manager), information, and relationships. Hypothesis 1-2, which states that satisfaction with the choice factor differs depending on the type of coffee shops, is accepted. The P-values for cleanliness and varieties of beans were 0.04 and 0.00, respectively, and have a significance level of 0.05, according to the satisfaction with the chosen coffee shop. Hypothesis 2-1, which states that the importance of the choice attributes in coffee shop selections differs based on the demographic characteristics of the customers, is accepted. According to the t-test result, convenience of parking and residence of the owner (manager) are significant. Hypothesis 2-2, which states that satisfaction with the choice factor will differ depending of the type of coffee shop, is accepted. According to the t-test result, convenience of parking and residence of the owner (manager) are significant. Conclusions - This study has shown that intention to revisit a certain shop is most likely correlated to satisfaction in all cases. In order to offer subsequent developments for coffee shops, this study also identifies relations between customer satisfaction and selection by finding significant factors. In order to maximize customers' satisfaction, coffee shops should analyze and satisfy customers' needs and wants in terms of coffee service. While the findings do not generalize beyond the mall sampling procedure used here, we have hopefully identified a close approximation of the process of satisfaction decisions used by consumers generally.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.481-489
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• 2017

The study area,Cheonan Stream, is an urban river that flows through urban areas in close proximity to densely populated areas and multi-use facilities. The natural river improvement project from 2006 to 2015 improved the quality of life of local residents with the improvement of river function, the restoration of the natural ecosystem and the securement of hydrophilic space. A bike way in the constructed waterside space was built focusing on trails. This study suggests improvements appropriate for insufficient bike way function-related regulations. The problems of ramps, river crossing facilities, stairway facilities, safety facilities, signs, road markings, and parking facilities, etc.have arisen in the utilization situation and citizen consciousness survey. As an improvement, it was suggested that 12% or fewer ramps should be improved, a submerged bridge should be installed at 7 places separated by stepping bridges, and signs and road markings according to bike way-related regulations should be installed and bike parking facilities at Cheonan station and Cheonan bus terminal should be expanded. The bike way in the waterfront of ChoenanCheon(river) will increase the accessibility and utilization rate of short-distance transportation with the institutional expansion of bike use facilities and work organizations and the improvement of facilities in accordance with urban rivers and bike-related regulations. Therefore, it is expected that the development of the living space will be beneficial for the citizens due to the elimination of traffic in the city and the activation of bike traffic.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.9-20
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• 2012

The purpose of this research is to confirm how the determinant factors for shopping mall selection (proximity, parking facility, benefits, mutual interaction effects, physical environment, surroundings) affect attractiveness (image and appraisal) of the traditional markets and revisit intention and suggest strategic methods for revitalization of the traditional markets. Results of this research are drawn from a survey of customers who visit any of the twenty-two traditional markets in the Seoul area at least twice a week. Moreover, the theory is verified through the structural equation model analysis using the SPSS win 18.0 and AMOS 18 version statistics package. From the determinant factors of visiting traditional markets, parking facility, physical environment, and the surroundings were significant in image attractiveness; benefits, mutual interaction effects, and physical environment showed significant effects on appraisal attractiveness. Additionally, image attractiveness was not significantly influential in retention proneness while appraisal attractiveness was a key factor in deciding whether or not to revisit. Therefore, improvement in image is important but appraisal aspects like product reliability that customers can personally assess, are more essential for revitalization of traditional markets.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.119-137
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• 2020

Over the last two decades, the attitudes to cars have changed from buying a car to sharing a car, especially among young people. Shared transport services and autonomous vehicles together can resolve the accessibility issue of shared transport services. Furthermore, they will make it possible to develop a new model of apartments without car parking. Therefore, the study estimated the demand for car sharing by young people and the running efficiency of car-sharing dealing with their car-based trip demand. The study chose nine apartment complexes for study sites where a majority of the residents were young people. The questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data on the trip demands of young people. The results showed that there are significant differences in the car-sharing use patterns and demand between the apartment houses located in the Capital region and non-capital region. Young people living in apartments in the Capital region used car sharing once per day per person for approximately 80 minutes per trip and tended to hire that between 8 AM and 10 AM. On the other hand, the young people living in apartments in the non-capital region used car sharing twice per day per person for approximately 200 minutes per trip. They tended to hire that frequently in the afternoon and evening as well as in the morning. The results also showed that a single car-sharing vehicle could deal with 3~4 trips per day in the Capital region and around 2 trips per day in the non-capital region.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.614-620
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for developing the practical park management. For this, satisfaction degree, satisfaction factors and estimated model by satisfaction variables of visitors analyzed through a questionnaire survey in Naejangsan National Park, Korea. In the evaluation of the satisfaction, variables of 'Lack of public facility'. 'Lack of use program', 'Lack of facility to stay' 'Charge of user fee, parking fee' and 'Exorbitant pay' at Naejangsan park office and 'Charge of user fee, parking fee', 'Lack of use program' and 'Lack of facility to stay' at Baekam park office was more unsatisfied than any other variable. Satisfaction factors by Factor Analysis were loaded with 'Facility management' at Naejangsan park office(34.3%) and 'user management' at Baekam park office(45.6%) by the highest contribution degree. In estimated model of satisfaction by Multiple Regression Analysis showed in order of 'damage of trail', 'Lack of commercial facility', and 'Littering problem' at Naejangsan park office and 'damage of cultural and historic resource', 'Lack of commercial facility', 'Touting' at Baekam park office. So, Naejangsan National Park needed intensive management policy and institutional apparatus for facility management and user education.