• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.265-277
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• 2006

Purpose: The study attempted to find family perception differences between abused children and normal children by Kinetic Family Drawing. Method: The subjects of the study consisted of two groups, 143 abused who were in the upper 25th percentile, and 150 normal who were in the lower 25th percentile. Collected Kinetic Family Drawings were divided into five dimensions such as actions, human figure characteristics, dynamics, styles and symbols, and they was analyzed with SPSS/WIN 10.0. Results: In the perception about their family in action dimension, their family in figure characteristics dimension, their family in dynamics dimensions, and their family in symbols dimension, there is a sharp contrast between the two groups. Conclusion: Putting these results together, abused children feel lower self-esteem and feel more sense of alienation in their family than normal children do. In addition, abused children perceive their parents as negative and aggressive people.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1683-1694
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• 2016

This study aims to investigate perception of kindergarten directors regarding prerequisites for inclusive education and its improvement plans, and to establish basic data required for future implementation of inclusive education in kindergartens. This study was carried out oriented to 116 kindergarten directors and inquired into the differences in background characteristics of age, education level, operation career, major, special/inclusive education training and operation of inclusive classes, based on SPSS 1.5 for Window, independent sample t-test and Chi-square test. The research results of this study are as follows: Firstly, as for the perception of kindergarten directors as prerequisite of inclusive education, they show active supports for inclusive education and recognize that classes composed of the same age and same ability are the advisable forms of inclusive education. As for class operations, they perceive that inclusive classes based on small group activities and full inclusive classes are suitable. Moreover, as qualified teachers for inclusive classes, they manifest that teachers who completed special/inclusive education training are appropriate. Secondly, as for the perception of kindergarten directors regarding improvement plans for inclusive education, this study suggests that they prioritize the training operation regarding inclusive education oriented to general infants and parents. As for vitalization of inclusive education, they find that financial supports at the national level and administrative supports for facilities are indispensable.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.5
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• pp.25-42
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• 2004

This study set out to investigate the relations between middle school students' perception of body image and their allowance for plastic surgery, to understand their perception of body image and desire for plastic surgery, and provide some data needed to warn against reckless plastic surgery and guide the students effectively. For those purposes, an examination was conducted of the relationships between the individual characteristics and perception levels of body image, the individual characteristics and allowance for plastic surgery, and perception levels of body image and allowance for plastic surgery. The subjects were drawn from sour middle schools located in two regions of Gyeonggi Province. Total 922 boys and girls were surveyed on a questionnaire, which was developed based on the pretest of previous literature, reviewed for appropriateness, and tested for reliability and reasonableness. The body image on the five scale was greater as the perception level was higher. The allowance for plastic surgery was also greater as the scores were more. The findings were as follows: First, the relationships between individual characteristics and perception levels of body image were examined. The third graders showed the highest perception level, being followed by the first and second graders. The girls were more perceptive than the boys, and those who were extrovert were more perceptive than those who were introvert. Those students whose parents earned 2 million won or more a month and who adapted themselves to the environmental changes had a higher perception level. In a word, the girls from the middle class that were well adapted, felt happy, and were extrovert had a higher perception level of body image. Second, the connections between individual characteristics and allowance for plastic surgery were investigated. The third graders were the most admissive of plastic surgery, followed by the second and first graders. That is, the upper graders were more admissive of plastic surgery. In addition, the girls were more admissive than the boys, and those who were extrovert were more than those who were introvert. There were no significant differences according to the monthly income of the parents, grades, adaptability to surroundings, and happiness, which results almost resembled the findings of a study conducted on adults. Third, there were negative correlations found between the perception levels of body image and the allowance for plastic surgery. To elaborate, the higher the perception levels were, the lower the allowance was, and vice versa. As for the items, the subjects showed more allowance for plastic surgery when they scored less in the item of caring about appearance, importance of looking pretty to others, and efforts to improve appearance. When they had a low value of body and easily felt tired, they were highly acceptive of plastic surgery. The allowance for plastic surgery was also great when their perception was much of how healthy they felt, how important they felt about their bodies, how they were satisfied with their current appearances, how they evaluated the appearance of others, how much they were satisfied physically, and how much demanding they were for physical changes. Meanwhile, there were no correlations between the allowance and physical attraction, the degree for one's activities to be hindered, and sickness. In short, the demand for plastic surgery was 41% for the girls and 20.2% for the boys. Just as the study on adults reported, those who had a low or negative perception of body image were more acceptive of plastic surgery. The middle school students were generally positive about their bodies with the lowest perception level at 2.91 and the highest at 3.21. Their individual allowance for plastic surgery was related to their individual body images, which were in turn affected by the mass communication, surrounding environments, and social values. Thus it's necessary for the entire society to try to improve or change the overall perception. Helping measures should be taken so that the students can form right sense of values about their bodies, avoid the obsession with appearance and appearance-based evaluation, and exercise righteous criteria against humans beings and things. In conclusions, the following suggestions were made: they need to develop such questionnaires or tools as can measure the body image of teens and fit the reality. Moreover, body image improvement programs should be more diverse and more applicable to teens. Despite the consistent reports that prove the correlations between body image and plastic surgery, there has been little effort to apply such factors as experience of the life of the disabled, volunteer activities for the disabled and at the hospitals, and others that can induce changes to body image to the body image improvement programs. In the future, comparative research should be carried out on body image and plastic surgery.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.87-113
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• 2006

The research was performed responding to the growing needs of Korean foster care programs. It deals specifically with the people who voluntarily provide foster care despite the lack of Government support. The research has also made an effort to understand how the foster parents perceive their parent roles for the foster children. According to the research results based on the parents from the H foster care center, it showed that foster parents generally come from higher educational backgrounds compared to their equivalent age group and also similar or even higher income levels than the average family residing in an urban area. Conclusively, their traits in socio-demographic factors is said to be homogeneous. The research also focused on examining the role perceptions of Korean foster parents. The foster parents were well aware and educated on the significance of the children's psychological adjustments. However, the research recognized some role responsibilities that the parents failed to understand. Hopefully the foster care centers will take on such responsibilities and contribute in helping the parents realize their insufficiencies. Based on the results of the research, the researcher was able to recognize the important issues involved in the recruitment, selection, and education process for the foster parents. Additionally, new role adjustments are necessary among both foster parents and foster centers.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.7
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• pp.59-74
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• 2006

Objectives: The purpose of this research is to find out the relations among children‘s perceived competences, expressive disposition of interpersonal relations, and parents’ social support, which influence their self image. Methods: The samples to achieve the purpose of this research are composed of 294 students in G elementary school, OO city, Kyounggido, the number of male students in the fifth year being 71, female 77, and male students in the sixth year being 73, female 73. After having excluded the data of 9 students among them due to their insincere reply, this research analyzed the data of 285 students by using SPSS WIN Ver. 13.0. Results: First, after having observed the average difference stemming from each method, this research found that there is no sexual difference in parents‘ social support. (p<.05). In children's perceived competences, female students is higher only in active aspect than male students, but there is no meaningful difference in other aspects. In expressive disposition of interpersonal relations, the showing-off and narcissistic expressive tendency of female students is higher than that of male students, but there is no meaningful difference in other aspects. Second, this research found out the meaningful static correlation among parents' social support, children's perceived competences, and expressive disposition of interpersonal relations. Parents' emotional, appreciative, and informative support has the static correlation with all the other aspects of children's perceived competences, and material support has the static correlation with children's academic, active, and general self-esteeming sense (p<.05, p<.01). Third, this research observed, of all the aspects of parents' social support and expressive disposition of interpersonal relations, what variable is affecting children's perceived competences, and found that parents' appreciative support, showing-off and narcissistic expressive tendency, material support, and informative support, each in order, has meaningful influence (p<.05, p<.01). This fact shows that the further the children recognize these supports of their parents', the more affirmatively they recognize their competences, and the further the children of showing-off and narcissistic expressive disposion recognize their competences. Conclusions: First, sampling was conducted of the fifth and sixth male and female students of OO elementary school, and so the result of this research has the applicative limitation in the generalization for all the elementary school students. Therefore this research suggests further researches by broad sampling for the more advanced generalization. Second, this research only observed the differnce of perception deriving from gender and school year, but the parents' social support levels perceived by children reveal many differnces according to children's characters or their families' variables. Therefore this research suggests subsequent researches on various variables.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.184-191
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• 2006

This study investigated parents' attitude about children's unbalanced diet. The subjects were 1,309 parents that their children attended at kindergarten or child care center in Kyoung-Ki province. The order of dislikes in 'vegetables and fruits' was as follows: all kinds of vegetables (56.6%), beans (17.6%), fruits (5.2%). In 'meat, fish, poultry', the order of dislikes was meats (38.2%), fishes (21.8%), milk (16.4%), eggs (10.0%). In 'cerelas', the order of dislikes was rice (31.0%), rice cakes (14.3%), noodles (11.9%). The several rationalizations for dislikes are 'taste' (19.1 %), 'food habit from younger age' (18.4%), 'lack of chances for trying new food' (16.0%) etc. To compared children's rationalizations for dislikes to their age group, the percentage of 'lack of chances for trying new food', 'strange food shape', 'lack of nutrition education' was significantly higher in 'below 5 years old' (<5) group than other groups (<6, <7) and 'sweety food' was significantly higher in 'below 7 years old' (<7) group than other groups (<6, <7)(p <0.05). In parents' attitude about children's unbalanced dietary habit, subjects answered that they try to make children understand to eat dislike food (73.9%), develop new recipe for children (14.0%), neglect children's food habit (6.2%). To compared parents' attitude for children's unbalanced diet by parents age, the percentage of 'try to make children understand to eat dislike food' was significantly higher in 'below 30 years old' (<30) group than other groups ($30{\sim}35,\;35{\sim}39,\;{\geq}40$) and 'developing new recipe' was significantly higher in 'over 40 years old' (${\geq}40$) group than other groups ($<30,\;30{\sim}35,\;35{\sim}39$)(p < 0.05). To compared parents' attitude for children's unbalanced diet by parents' occupation, the percentage of 'neglecting' was higher in employed group and 'developing new recipe' was higher in unemployed group than the other group. According to the results of the survey, it is necessary to make new educational materials for employed parents and young children and develop new recipes to use various kind of foods instead of forcing unpleasant foods on the children for the sake of unbalanced diet.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.39-51
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• 2012

This study aims to find the association between community scales and perceived community family-friendliness among parents with young children. Communities were identified into three groups: metropolitan, small and medium-sized cities and rural, according to the degree of urbanization. The data were drawn from a sample of 1,038 parents who had at least one pre-school child. The data were analyzed by frequencies, means, GIS, ANOVA, and multiple regressions. This study compared the level of community family-friendliness both at the 'dong' and 'si' levels after controlling for the individual and household characteristics of the respondents. The findings of this study are as follows. First, after controlling for individual and household factors, the level of perceived community family-friendliness differed by the community scales. The parents in the small and medium-sized cities had higher scores on community family-friendliness than their counterparts in metropolitan communities. And parents in rural communities received had lower scores in community family-friendliness than those in metropolitan communities. The results also showed similar patterns for the 'dong' and 'si' models. While job and housing type were associated with the perceived family-friendliness of the community, other characteristics such as sex, age, educational level, monthly household income and home ownership were not.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.79-92
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate elementary school teachers', students' and their parents' perceptions of new experimental grade $3{\sim}4$ science textbooks and teacher's guides developed by revised national science curriculum. 63 teachers, 436 students and their 448 parents were selected from 9 elementary schools selected as model schools, and were administered the questionnaires of the perceptions of the new science textbooks and/or teacher's guides. The results revealed that many teachers had a rather positive perception of the teacher's guides. In addition, most of the teachers, students and their parents, especially the students and their parents than the teachers, perceived positively the new science textbooks. They also had various views of the strengths and weaknesses of the new science textbooks and/or teacher's guides upon cognitive and motivational/emotional/affective aspects. Educational implications of these findings are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.529-544
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• 1994

For most parents their child's illness and hospitalization is strssful. Internal stress and over anxiousness leads to uncertainty. Parents have a variety of ways of coping when faced with such stress factors, especialy when the child has cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between uncertainty in illness and mastery and coping styles in parents of pediatric cancer patients, and further to identify differences between three groups of subjects. A cross-sectional descriptive correlational design was used in this study to investigate the relationship among the three groups. The sample was composed of 59 parents of children with cancer in pediatric wards in three hospitals in Seoul : 21 in Group 4 with a child newly diagnosed with cancer : 25 in Group B, with a child under treatment and rehospitalized with a relapse : and 13 in Group C, with a child with a terminal cancer, A formalized questionnaire which included demegrapic information and consisted of 75 items was used in this study ; The Parent Perception of Uncertainty Scale(PPUS) adapted form Mishel’s Uncertainty in Illness Scale, Pearlin & Schooler's Mastery Scale(MS) and Folkman & Lazarus’s Ways of Coping Checklist(WCC) were used to measure the variables : uncertainty in illness, mastery, and coping styles. A pretest was conducted on the questionnaire items for reliability. The results gathered were analyzed using SPSS /PC/sup +/. Data analysis included descriptive correltional statistics such as ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, amd chi square test. The conclusions of this analysis are summarized as follows : 1. A higher level of uncertainty was seen among parents of children with terminal cancer. 2. The first hypothesis that uncertainty in illness would differ among the three groups was supported(F=4.182, P=.020). The second and third hypotheses that mastery and coping styles would differ among the three groups were not supported. There was a correlation between uncertainty, mastery, and coping styles which was positive, also there was a positive correlation between mastery and coping style(r=.3744, P<.001) but a negative correlation between uncertainty md mastery(r=-.4749, P<.01). From the above results, it can be concluded that prediciting and controlling uncertainty in illness by considering coping styles and mastery are necessary for improved, efficient nursing interventions.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2012

This study in the treatment of autistic horse therapy of children with disabilities that affect the perception of parents is to some extent how well treatment for a sense of purpose and a horse therapy was to evaluate the expectations. As parents of autistic children with disabilities a questionnaire study of 100 people was used as a research tool. Analysis of the frequency analysis method, Chi-square Analysis were analyzed by taking advantage of each. Parents interested in horse therapy and children who do not have the experience of riding. In addition, Parents who have children age 10-20 riding in the response was that there would be effects Understanding mainly ride horses in the horse therapy is physical exercise. And therapy and exercise that combines specific area of expertise, as is the way to help. In addition, behavior modification, and it is used as a way to improve. Expectations in the therapeutic horse therapy should be major(occupational therapy, physical therapy, speech therapy). Horse therapy is suitable for individual therapy at least for 2-3 weeks and the Confederacy.