• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.492-499
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the association of dietary patterns with overweight risk and all-cause mortality in pediatric cancer patients. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Prospective cohort study was undertaken; 83 cancer patients admitted to the pediatric cancer ward at a university hospital in Seoul were included and followed for obesity and death over 24 months. Food consumption data were collected from patients using validated meal order sheets for breakfast, lunch, and dinner at the pediatric cancer ward over 3 days. Using principal component analysis, three dietary patterns were derived from 29 food groups. RESULTS: Eighteen deaths occurred among the patient cohort during the follow-up period. The "spicy & fried meat and fish" dietary pattern was positively associated with overweight risk at both baseline [odds ratio (OR) = 4.396, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.111-17.385, P for trend = 0.023] and after 6 months (OR = 4.088, 95% CI = 1.122-14.896, P for trend = 0.025) as well as all-cause mortality (hazard ratios = 5.124, 95% CI = 1.080-24.320, P for trend = 0.042), when comparing the highest and lowest tertiles after adjusting for covariates. The "fish, egg, meat, and fruits & vegetables" dietary pattern was associated with lower overweight risk after 24 months (OR = 0.157, 95% CI = 0.046-0.982, P for trend = 0.084). CONCLUSION: The results imply that dietary patterns might be associated with weight gain and premature death among pediatric cancer patients.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.127-146
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• 2008

Over the past four decades reproductive behavior has changed slowly in much of the African countries. The average total fertility rate has fallen from six or more to near five today. Between 1960 and 2000 the largest fertility decline occurred in such Northern African countries as Algeria, Libya, and Morocco. The mortality rate has decreased in most African countries. The purpose of this study is to review the pattern of demographic transition in African countries. At first, this study focuses on the fertility transition. In Africa, the total fertility rate has decreased from 6.59 to 4.85 between 1960 and 2000. The mortality rate has also decreased in most of African countries. It is also interesting to find that there is a clear difference among African countries. In terms of infant mortality rate, Libya shows the lowest rate(17), while Mali and Somalia remain still high rate(142 and 133, respectively). This study tests a path model in which infant mortality rate acts as an intermediate variable between three socioeconomic variables and the fertility rate. The findings of this paper substantiate some of our hypotheses on the interrelationships among socioeconomic variables, infant mortality rate, and fertility rate. The result also shows the indirect effects of socioeconomic variables on fertility rate via infant mortality.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.40-45
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• 2017

This data mining technique was used to extract useful information from percutaneous coronary intervention data obtained from the US public data homepage. The experiment was performed by extracting data on the area, frequency of operation, and the number of deaths. It led us to finding of meaningful correlations, patterns, and trends using various algorithms, pattern techniques, and statistical techniques. In this paper, information is obtained through efficient decision tree and cluster analysis in predicting the incidence of percutaneous coronary intervention and mortality. In the cluster analysis, EM algorithm was used to evaluate the suitability of the algorithm for each situation based on performance tests and verification of results. In the cluster analysis, the experimental data were classified using the EM algorithm, and we evaluated which models are more effective in comparing functions. Using data mining technique, it was identified which areas had effective treatment techniques and which areas were vulnerable, and we can predict the frequency and mortality of percutaneous coronary intervention for heart disease.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2005

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the trend of tuberculosis mortality rate by years and by areas. Methods: We calculated raw and age-adjusted mortality rate of tuberculosis from 1995 to 2002. The calculation was based on the data from resident registration data and death certification registration data gathered by 232 basic local authority. We used direct age standardization method for calculating age-adjusted mortality rate. We compared patterns of change in tuberculosis mortality rate of metropolitan areas, cities, and countryside by determinating the comparability of medels to explore linear relationship. We also analyzed the data of mortality rate between urban and rural area by comparing ANOVA and post-hoc by two periods: one from 1995 to 1998, and the other from 1999 to 2002. Results: In national mortality rate, both raw and age-adjusted mortality rate showed negative linear relationship. However, the graph become more horizontal: the slope line is close to zero. From 1995 to 1998, countryside showed significantly higher age-adjusted mortality rate than in metropolitan areas and cities. Ever after considering more horizontal graph in national mortality rate, the data shows that the countryside still have significantly higher mortality rate from 1999 to 2002. In model diagnostic checking, metropolitan areas and cities showed apparently linear pattern on the decrease of age-adjusted mortality rate. Pattern of mortality rate in countryside was decreased initially, but became flat. Conclusions: Further research is necessary to explore the characteristics of quality of tuberculosis control program in rural area. Different approach and strategies should be considered to decrease tuberculosis mortality rate in rural areas.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.554-563
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• 2006

Numerous epidemiological studies have shown stronger associations between $PM_{2.5}$ and both mortality and morbidity than $PM_{10}$. The association of $PM_{2.5}$ with respiratory mortality was examined in Seoul, during the period of $1996{\sim}2002$. Because $PM_{2.5}$ data were available for only 10% of this time period, a prediction regression model was developed to estimate $PM_{2.5}$ concentration. Death count due to respiratory-related diseases(total respiratory mortality; ICD-10, J00-J98) and death counts(cause-specific mortality) due to pneumonia(ICD-10, J12-J18), COPD(ICD-10, J40-J44) and asthma(ICD-10, J45-J46) were considered in this study. Averaged daily mortality was 5.6 for total respiratory mortality and 1.1 to 1.6 for cause-specific mortality. Generalized additive Poisson models controlling for confounders were used to evaluate the acute effects of particle exposures on total respiratory mortality and cause-specific mortality. An IQR increase in 5-day moving average of $PM_{2.5}(22.6{\mu}g/m^3)$ was associated with an 8.2%(95% CI: 4.5 to 12.1%) increase in total respiratory mortality The association of $PM_{2.5}$ was stronger for the elderly ($\geq$65 years old, 10.1%, 95% CI: 5.8 to 14.5%) and for males(8.9%, 95% CI: 2.1 to 11.3%). A $10{\mu}g/m^3$ increase in 5-day moving average of $PM_{2.5}$ was strongly associated with total respiratory mortality in winter(9.5%, 95% CI: 6.6 to 12.4%), followed by spring(3.1%, 95% CI: -1.2 to 7.5%), which was a different pattern with the finding in North American cities. However, our results are generally consistent with those observed in recent epidemiological studies, and suggest that $PM_{2.5}$ has a stronger effect on respiratory mortality in Seoul.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.157-177
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• 2011

This paper examines the performance of the coherent Lee-Carter method for the mortality forecasting for the Republic of Korea combined with Japan and the Taiwan Province of China as a group by comparing it with the separately applied Lee-Carter method. It narrowed the gap of life expectancies between three countries from 6.8 years to 3.0 years in 2050, with higher life expectancy forecasts for the Taiwan Province of China and lower ones for Japan than with the separate forecast. This method did not affect the sex-combined life expectancy forecast for the Republic of Korea, but it accelerated the mortality decline for ages 65 and over and decelerated it for the younger age groups, diminishing sex differentials of life expectancy at a slower speed. It suggests that the integration of regional mortality information into mortality forecasting of one country gives several advantages in terms of short run fit within each country as well as long run convergence between countries, a modification of the age pattern of mortality decline, and a consistent application of the forecasting of subgroups within a country.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.100-104
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• 1990

The geometrical branching pattern was studied through the time by a few parameters: the branching lengths, angles and number of branches. Ratios of moving amounts of nutrients between branches was decreased more in a terminal branch than in a proximal one. As the time increased, the more branches and leaves were also increased, while the influx of sunlight was decreased in the lower portion of inner crown which increased the mortality rate of branches.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.76-86
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• 1988

The primary objective of this study was to estimate the level of infant mortality rate and to find the cause of infant deaths prevailed in 1981~86 from vital registration data. In the course of that undertaking we have considered the non-registered portion of infant deaths especially for the non-registered portion of neonatal deaths. The main reason is that deaths occurring in the neonatal period and prior to the registration of the birth leave little incentive for the registration of either the birth or the death. From several ad-hoc survey's results and other countries' experiences it was, however, found that the proportion of neonatal deaths was 69.3%, the proportion of deaths in the period of first month in infanty was 7%, and the proportion of deaths in the period of 2 months and over in infancy was 23.7% respectivily. Thus, adoption the hypothesis that post-neonatal mortality is completly registered, we obtained the extimated number of infant deaths. Attempt to test the hypothesis was also made using the Brougeois- Pichats's function. The result was that the registered number of deaths in the post-neonatal period is almost compatible with the expected number. The major finding in this study was that the level of infant mortality rate in Korea was 19 per thousand live births in 1981 and 13 in 1986. This level of 1986 was almost identical with the level of Japan in 1970. It was also found that there was a difference in the level of infant mortality rate between sexes during 1981-83 but the difference was disappeared in 1985-86. Looking into the cause of infant deaths, it was found from registration that 21.2% of all infant deaths was due to congenital snomalies, 11.5% was due to pneumonia and 5.1% was due to the conditions originating in the perinatal period in that order. This pattern seems to be different with that of U.S.A., Japan and France. However, if we consider the non-registered neo-natal deaths, the order of the cause of infant deaths in Korea will be the same as compared countries. Finally, every efforts should should be made to obtain a good quality of data on infant mortality, making the non-registered events reported completely through hospitals.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.20 no.1 s.21
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• pp.10-39
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• 1987

Mortality rate and causes of death are regarded as an index of strength as well as level of development of a country. However, there is no accurate data for the causes of death in Korea due to lack of systematic vital data collection system. The objective of this study was to define the causes of death of the school teachers, its changing pattern, cause-specific mortality rate, and geographic variation. The study population included all of the teachers in primary school, middle and high schools, and college who joined in Korean Teachers' Union between 1968 and 1985 that provided a total of 1,972, 069 person-years to observe (1,384,911 man-years, 587,158 woman-years). There were 3,678 deaths in this period (3,377 males, 301 females). The most common cause of death was neoplasm which was followed by the diseases of circulatory system. The proportion of death of neoplasm was 1.5 times higher than that of the general population. Causes of death were classified into 5 major groups (neoplasm, diseases of circulatory system, accidents and poisoning, diseases of liver, and all others). The mortality rates of diseases of circulatory system and all others for general population were 4 to S times higher than those for the teachers. However, mortality rates of neoplasm and diseases of liver were only about 2 times higher than those for teachers. Mortality rate of liver cancer for teachers was higher than gastric cancer mortality rate which is the reverse in general population. The crude death rate was 2.12 per 1,000 person-years for male and 1.00 for female which is one-third of the crude death rate of general population. Crude death rate of study population was higher in rural area than in urban area. However, mortality rate of neoplasm for male was higher in urban area than in rural area while mortality rates of all other causes were higher in rural area. For female, mortality rates of neoplasm and diseases of circulatory system were higher in urban area and the rates for all other causes were higher in rural area. Crude death rate was lowest in Gyeongin area and highest in Yeongnam area. The mortality of neoplasm for male accounted the highest proportion of all death in Gyeongin, Chungcheong and Yeoungnam areas while the mortality of neoplasm and mortality of circulatory system accounted the same proportion in Jeonra area. For female, the mortality of disease of circulatory system accounted the highest proportion in Gyeongin and Yeoungnam and Jeonra areas. Proportion of death due to accidents and poisoning was high in Chungcheong area and death due to all other causes was high in Yeoungnam area. The most common cause of death for male by city and province was neoplasm in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Gyeonggi, Chungnam, Chungbuk, Gyeongnam and Gyeongbuk. Diseases of circulatory system was the leading cause of death in the rest of city and provinces. The leading cause of death for female was diseases of circulatory system in Seoul, Incheon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, and Gyeongbuk, neoplasm in Busan, and accident and poisons in all other cities and provinces. The mortality rates of male were above 2 per 1,000 person-years in Jeju, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam, Daegu, and Chungbuk, and it was below 1.5/l,000 in Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi. The mortality rate of female was above 1.2/1,000 person-years in Gyeongnam and Incheon while it was below 0.5/l,000 in Daegu, Geonggi Chungbuk and Jeju. The leading cause for male by school of employment was neoplasm in all levels of school with a remarkably higher rate in the professors of college. Leading cause of death for female was disease of circulatory system in primary schools, high schools and college but neoplasm in middle schools. There was no death due to liver diseases in middle and high school teachers and college professors and no death due to all other category in high school teachers and college professors, in females. High school teachers and the highest mortality rate and college professors showed the lowest mortality rate. Temporal trend of mortality was examined in three periods; period I ($1968{\sim}1974$), period II ($1975{\sim}1979$), and period III ($1980{\sim}1985$). The leading cause of death for male was diseases of circulatory system in period I and II but neoplasm in period III. Such trend of decreasing diseases of circulatory system and increasing neoplasm was observed in female. Overall mortality rate was decreased over the 3 periods. The mortality rates of diseases of circulatory system, liver disease and all others were decreased in male but the mortality rates of neoplasm and accident and posions was increased. Female showed a similar trend to male but the mortality rate of liver diseases was increased. Mortality rates of diseases of circulatory system, neoplasm and liver diseases increased with age of teachers up to 50 years of age but decreased in 60 years of age. Mean age at death due to each cause was higher in male than female by $4{\sim}10$ years. However, the mean age at death of the teachers was $2{\sim}5$ years lower than that of the general population in all causes of death and the sex difference in the mean a2e at death was smaller ($2{\sim}3$ years) in general population. In sex ratio of mortality, male was higher than female in almost all diseases except suicide and maintained a high ratio. The general population showed universally high ratio in male like teachers, and more or less did regular patterns in mortality with ratio smaller.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2006

A lot of studies have investigated the role of psychosocial and behavioral risk factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. On the basis of prospective population studies that found a relationship between Type A behavior and cardiac morbidity and mortality independent of traditional risk factors, Type A behavior was declared a risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease. Additionally, recently proposed, a new personality construct, Type D personality have been reported to be associated with the increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In Korea, however, there were few studies about these issues. This article attempts to provide an overview of accumulating evidences on the Type A behavioral pattern and Type D personality related with cardiovascular disease to offer new directions for research.