• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.39-46
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• 2013

This study examined the perception of two Korean vowels using F1/F2 manipulated synthetic vowels. Previous studies indicated that there is an overlap between the acoustic spaces of Korean /o/ and /u/ in terms of the first two formants. A continuum of eleven synthetic vowels were used as stimuli. The experiment consisted of three tasks: an /o/ identification task (Yes-no), an /u/ identification task (Yes-no), and a forced choice identification task (/o/-/u/). ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristic) analysis and logistic regression were performed to calculate the boundary criterion of the two vowels along the stimulus continuum, and to predict the perceptual judgment on F1 and F2. The result indicated that the location between stimulus no.5 (F1 = 342Hz, F2 = 691Hz) and no.6 (F1 = 336Hz, F2 = 700Hz) was estimated as a perceptual boundary region between /o/ and /u/, while stimulus no.0 (F1=405Hz, F2=666Hz) and no.10 (F1=321Hz, F2=743Hz) were at opposite ends of the continuum. The influence of F2 was predominant over F1 on the perception of the vowel categories.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.3488-3500
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• 2020

At the present time, the economy continues to flourish, and private cars have become the means of choice for most people. Therefore, the license plate recognition technology has become an indispensable part of intelligent transportation, with research and application value. In recent years, the convolution neural network for image classification is an application of deep learning on image processing. This paper proposes a strategy to improve the YOLO model by studying the deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) and related target detection methods, and combines the OpenCV and TensorFlow frameworks to achieve efficient recognition of license plate characters. The experimental results show that target detection method based on YOLO is beneficial to shorten the training process and achieve a good level of accuracy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1292-1298
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• 1992

This investigation is designed to illustrate the clinical features '||'&'||' preoperative diagnosis, surgical role in the management of pulmonary aspergilloma, '||'&'||' compare with the previous study. We reviewed 42 cases of surgically treated pulmonary aspergillosis from Jan. 1984 to July 1992. The peak age incidence laid in the 2nd '||'&'||' 3rd decade of 25 cases[59.5%]. The 41 cases[97.6%] had a history of treatment with anti-tuberculous drugs under impression of pulmonary tuberculosis. The most common complaint was hemoptysis in 28 cases[66.7%]. The 21 cases showed so called "Air-meniscus sign" on the preoperative chest X-ray. As a preoperative diagnostic modality, the positivity was 30.0%, 57.8%, 88.5% on the fungus culture of sputum for Aspergillus, Chest CT, serum immunodiffusion test for A. fumigatus, respectively. The 37 cases[88.1%] can be diagnosed as pulmonary aspergillosis pre-operatively by any diagnostic method. The anatomical location of aspergilloma was mainly upper lobe in 17 cases[40.5%] '||'&'||' the majority of cases were managed by lobectomy. The postoperative pathologic findings showed that 18 cases[41.0%] were combined with tuberculosis '||'&'||' 15 cases[34.1%] were not combined with any other disease[Pr imary Aspergillosis]. The 6 cases showed postoperative empyema including 4 cases of bronchopleural fistula, 3 cases showed postoperative bleeding. One case was died postoperatively due to respiratory failure. In conclusion, when the patient who has longstanding history fo pulmonary tuberculosis '||'&'||' hemoptysis, must be suspected fungal super infection. The resectional surgery is the treatment of choice for symptomatic localized disease. And compare with the previous study, preop. chest CT '||'&'||' immunodiffusion test were more commonly available '||'&'||' showed high positivity.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.3-10
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• 2004

A built space reflects its society's philosophy, culture and technology of its time period. The study explores interrelation between Toey-Gae's 'Kyung' (Piety) philosophy and architectural designs of the 'Do-San' Sau-Dang (School). Toey-Gae is a leading scholar during Chosun Dynasty who built the Do-San School to teach and showcase Sung Confucianism. He is known for his teachings and practice of 'Kyung' philosophy in all aspects of his life including his work and designs. It is also known that he personally picked and purchased the land best suited to display spirit of 'kyung' philosophy while directing the base design and construction of the building. His attentions to details are evident in his choice of city, building site, and way he arrange his designs within the natural environment. Thus, we can safely presuppose the design of Do-San Sau-Dang was created following Toey-Gae's ideology in its buildings and environment. By examining Toey-Gae's philosophy of 'Kyung' through his writings, physical location and actual designs of Do-San Sau-Dang, we can understand how this ancient philosophical ideology and thoughts were translated to a physical form and its space. The study will also explore the importance of such ideology in the society at the time and how it influenced physical and mental activities of its people.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1657-1668
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• 1998

In the analysis of a mushy solidification system with natural convection using a fixed grid method, the enthalpy method has been used to account for the release of latent heat. The variable viscosity, Darcy source, and hybrid methods have been employed for the velocity suppression in a mushy region. The choice of the values of solid viscosity and permeability constant in conjunction with the Darcy source term plays an important role in forming the location and shape of the phase boundaries. In this work the effects of these major parameters related to steady-state behavior in the system of mushy solidification are investigated through a simple test problem. The effective specific heat based on the spatial gradients of the enthalpy and temperature is adopted for the treatment of the release of latent heat. The effects of the Prandtl and Rayleigh numbers on the shape of mushy region are examined using the hybrid method.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.74-80
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• 1989

Etiological manifestion of unilateral a bilateral hypertrophy of masseter muscle, is not cleanly defined. It thought to have a congenital combined with occlusion, psychogenic & neurophysiologic rances. The disease is cleanly differentiated from other disease, however careful distinction of the parotid disease is necessary due to its location. The patients mainly complaint aesthetic problems, surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Although no recurrence cases were reported, follow up for this is recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2015

Odontoma is the most common odontogenic benign tumor, and the treatment of choice is generally surgical removal. After excision, bone grafts may be necessary depending on the need for further treatment, or the size and location of the odontoma. Although the osteogenic capacity of a demineralized tooth was verified as early as 1967 by Urist and many other investigators, the cumbersome procedure, including a long demineralization time, may be less than comfortable for clinicians. A modified ultrasonic technology, with periodic negative pressure and temperature control, facilitated rapid and aseptic preparation of demineralized teeth for bone grafts. This approach reduces the demineralization time dramatically (${\leq}80$ minutes), so that the graft material can be prepared chairside on the same day as the extraction. The purpose of this article is to describe two cases of large compound odonotomas used as graft material prepared chairside for enucleation-induced bony defects. These two clinical cases showed favorable wound healing without complications, and good bony support for future dental implants or orthodontic treatment. Finally, this report will suggest the possibility of recycling the benign pathologic hard tissue as an alternative treatment option for conventional bone grafts in clinics.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.11-18
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• 2016

This study aims at proposing the efficient settlement of middle school district and the appropriate allotment of middle school student. It focuses on the middle school district in Sejong city where has recently been developed. Firstly this study analyzes the long-term plans of school establishment, the current state of the student accommodation and the number of increasing students according to the continuing developments. To set up the efficient school district, it investigates the number of students per school district, school location and the commuting condition to each school. Throughout a question investigation to school parents, it analyzes the school choice factors - distant to school, school environment, school facilities, teacher's passion, the school curriculum, and so on. Furthermore it carries out focus group interview(FGI) targeting parents and teachers. It proposes a short-distance allotment method as an appropriate disposition of middle school student in Sejong city, which conducts a process of the first-application and the later-draw with a community as a unit.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.45-62
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• 2013

In this study, we revisit an empirical literature has found that neighborhood income inequality lowers people's likelihood of contributing public goods in terms of volunteering. We contribute to the literature by explicitly addressing the issues of larger and improper neighborhood choice with a census-type data and endogenous neighborhood location with some unique features of 2009 Social Survey Data by Statistics Korea. The results have confirmed that income heterogeneity lowers people's volunteering.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.339-344
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find out the residents' perceptive opinions of apartment housing environment and to contribute to develop a apartment unit plan in Daejeon City. This research was performed by a questionnaire survey method, 464 data was collected from apartment residents lived in about $85m^2$ unit with 3 rooms and the apartments was limited to the complexes within 3 years at Yuseong-gu and Seo-gu. By analyzing those data, findings are as follows: 1) Residents thought living room, kitchen and bathroom were importment space in a unit plan. They needed a storage function in an entrance and a intermediate room, and Anbang(materbed room) so did. L-DK plan type was very preferred. 2) Sub-kitchen was needed for a refrigerator of Kinch, the location of it was realted to a main kitchen and a uitility. the third room was needed for library, home office and storage space. 3) The enlargment remodeling of balcony was showed livingroom balcony or personal bedrooms at the time of occupancy. They needed the balcony near a kitchen or an utility to equip a storage facility. And residents were preferred to their taste rather than a choice of interior concept package services.