• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.27-39
• /
• 1999

This study examined the relative importance and the most preferred level of factors which were identified through the readability researchs. For this. subjects were given a text constructed in usual letter width with square form letter or non-square form and then. ranked the preference between the text factors. In experiment 1 where a text was printed in square letters. letter size was rated as the most important factor followed by line spacing letter width, line length, letter spacing, line justification, and letter form. But when non-square letters were used in experiment 2. the second most important factor was the letter spacing although letter size still topped the list. These findings indicate the differences in letter designing principles for various types and the unfamiliarity to non-square letter forms for general public. Unlike inYi and Jin(1998) where letter width turned out to be the most sensitive factor, the highest priority should be given to letter size when publishing with usual letter width.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
• /
• 2000.04a
• /
• pp.380-384
• /
• 2000

Effectiveness of information conveyance in reading is affected by several factors such as line length, letter size, line spacing arrangement as well as typeface itself. This study examined relative importance of these factors by asking people to read the texts that was constituted with non-square form letter and rank the preference of texts through conjoint analysis. In the case of reading time, justification was the most important factor, followed by leading, line spacing, letter width, line length, font size, font type in their order of importance. And in the case of preference decision, letter width was the most important factor, followed by font size, justification, line spacing, leading, line length, font type. The result will be useful in understanding how to consider human preference in the hangul typography.

• Archives of design research
• /
• v.19 no.5 s.67
• /
• pp.181-190
• /
• 2006

This study was designed to investigate how the size perception of letters is influenced by its relation to the ground, visual angle, physical size, letter space and cognitive direction. As a stimulus, a word in the Numeral and Hangul respectively were used in Experiments I and II. Fifty four different configurations consisting of two grounds, three visual angles and nine physical sizes were used as test patterns in Experiment I, and one hundred and eight different configurations consisting of two ground, three directions, two letter spaces and nine physical sizes were used in Experiment II. Subjects were asked to make magnitude estimates for perceived size of test patterns in both Experiments I and II. The results imply that the ground and visual angle affected the perceived size of the Numeral as a focal figure. We found that in Experiment I, the perceived size of the focal letter was clearly underestimated when the rate of physical size was larger than the real size which was a hundred(as the size of standard stimulus), and it was overestimated when the rate of physical size was smaller than a hundred. It was found that the effect of Delboeuf illusion influenced the perceived size of letter. The result of Experiment II shows that the ground, physical size, letter space and the cognitive direction affected the perceived size of Hangul as a focal figure. These findings suggest that size illusion of letters is caused by the size relationship (contrast or assimilation) between a letter perceived as figure and its ground.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 1997

The research on the factors which effect on legibility is mainly utilized as the basic data of selecting the standard guideline of VDT screen. But the research on Korean is scarcer than that of English. Furthermore, it is unreasonable to apply the results of the foreign language to Korean, beause of the difference between the typography of English and that of Korean. Therefore, more systematic and ergonomic research of the Korean typography on VDT screen is needed. In this paper, an experimental study on search speed and error rate is designed and performed according to different Korean letter size and font on search task with VDT. The experimental screen based on popular Ming and Gothic style is made up of total 12 artificial screens, each 6 different font size. As the criteria of the performance, searching speed(s.s.) and error rate (e) are selected, and CFF value is measured to evaluate user's visual fatigue. The results of experiment in font show that the Korean Gothic style is superior to the Korean Ming style in user's visual performance. The letter size that gives user the optimal performance ranges from the visual angle 39.8' to 55.5' in Ming style, from the visual angle 39.8' to 52.6' in Gothic systle. In visual fatigue experiment, the better performance of letter size is, the less tired user feels. And the smaller letter size is, the more tired user feels. There is no relationship between font and user's visual fatigue.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.155-163
• /
• 2012

At present the letter sizes of traffic sign are variously designated as 22 cm through 60 cm, however the basis for determination has not been found so far. Driver's visual acuity for getting a driver licence is required higher than 0.5. In order to interpret the information of traffic signs effectively, the minimum requirement of driver's visual acuity must be applied to determine the letter size of traffic sign. Therefore we reviewed that a driver with visual acuity of 0.5 could read the current letter sizes of traffic sign. In addition, a methodology was developed to determine the letter size of traffic sign satisfied with the driver's visual acuity of 0.5. This study established scenarios that were composed of visual acuity, reaction time, the number of lane and the letter sizes of traffic sign for each scenario were proposed. Current letter size of traffic sign would not be difficult for drivers with minimum visual acuity of 0.5 to recognize the contents or information of traffic signs. The method developed in this research has an advantage that can consider a human factor like driver's visual acuity for the design of traffic signs. There is also a meaning of making a basis for the letter size of traffic sign.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.13 no.8
• /
• pp.4241-4254
• /
• 2019

The efficiency and accuracy of handwriting measurement could be improved by adopting digital image processing. This study developed a computer-based Korean Handwriting Assessment tool. Second graders participated in this study by performing writing tasks of consonants, vowels, words, and sentences. We extracted boundary parameters for each letter using digital image processing and calculated the variables of size, size coefficient of variation (CV), misalignment, inter-letter space, inter-word space, and ratio of inter-letter space to inter-word space. Children were also administered traditional handwriting and visuomotor tests. Digital variables from image processing were correlated with these previous tests. Using these correlations, we established a three-point scoring system that computed test scores for each variable. We analyzed inter-rater reliability between the computer rater and human rater and test-retest reliability between the first and second performances. The validity was examined by analyzing the relationship between the Korean Handwriting Assessment and previous handwriting and visuomotor tests. We suggested the Korean Handwriting Assessment to measure size, size consistency, misalignment, inter-letter space, inter-word space, and space ratio using digital image processing. This Korean Handwriting Assessment tool proved to have reliability and validity. It is expected to be useful for assessing children's handwriting.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
• /
• 2000.05a
• /
• pp.247-251
• /
• 2000

This study examined relative importance of these factors by asking people to read the texts that was constituted with square and non-squre form letter and rank the preference of texts through conjoint analysis. In the case of reading time, font type was the most important factor, followed by leading , line width, font size, line length, justification, letter width in their order of impotance. And in the case of preference decision, font size was the most important factor, followed by font type, leading, line width, letter width, justification, line length. The result will be useful in understanding how to consider human preference in the Hangul typography.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.27-33
• /
• 1975

The required minimum size of character diode matrix of Korean letters is estimated from the topological complexity of letter structure. The OR aombination of three letter boards (diode matrice) gives all possible Hangout whole letters in proper traditional combined form with minimum required discernibility. Two forms of first consonants (centre located ones for horizontal vowels and leftward displaced ones for vertical and composed vowels) are switched by only 1 bit of the vowel code. The vowel pattern length is modified by again the last four bits of the code. A new 15bit sized inner code is proposed which permits considerably small sized decoding mechanism.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2006

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between handwriting skills and praxis. Method : Participants consisted of 50 normal children who were the second-grade students at an A elementary school in Kim-hae. They didn't have a visual dysfunction, an auditory dysfunction, and a disease or an injury in arms and hands. They could follow examiners' directions properly. They were administered the Postural Praxis and the Praxis on Verbal Command of the Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests(SIPT)(Ayres, 2000) and the handwriting skill test which was made with reference to foreign literatures. It was conducted from October 19, 2004 to December 17, 2004. The data were analyzed with non-paired t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results : 1. Total handwriting score and praxis according to gender of children showed the statistically significant differences(p<0.05). 2. Total handwriting score correlated with praxis(p<0.05) and handwriting speed did not correlate with praxis. 3. Postural Praxis and Praxis on Verbal Command according to handwriting groups showed the statistically significant differences(p<0.05). 4. Among the standards of the handwriting skill test, accuracy of letter form, identity of letter size, spacing between letters and words, placing text on lines, error existence, and letter out of regular square correlated with the Postural Praxis(p<0.05), and accuracy of letter form, identity of letter size, and placing text on lines correlated with the Praxis on Verbal Command(p<0.05). Conclusions : The correlation between handwriting skills and praxis will help occupational therapists to provide fundamental and various treatment programs for children who are referred for the poor handwriting. But more studies in handwriting skills and praxis are necessary to decide which component of handwriting skills is related to praxis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.64 no.2
• /
• pp.70-83
• /
• 2014

This study was done to provide the basic data for improving the sizing system for infants and children's clothing. The 97 brands were surveyed through market research and on-line searching. Size and body measurements were analyzed according to the content of nominal size, type of market, national and foreign brands, and meaning of reference size. The results are as follows: 1. The meaning of nominal sizes was categorized as five cases: the size based on body measurements, the size based on age, the meaningless size, letter cord and combination of 2 out of 4 cases above. The nominal size based on height was most observed, and the meaningless nominal size was second. The meaningless nominal size can cause confusion when consumer buys clothing. 2. The department stores mainly used the nominal size based on body measurements, but the Internet shopping malls largely used the meaningless nominal size. 3. Both national brands and foreign brands mainly used the nominal size based on height. But national brands largely used the different nominal sizes. 4. 41 brands indicated body measurements as reference size and 26 brands indicated product measurements as reference size. Therefore consumers tended to confuse the body measurements with the product measurement.