• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.93-106
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• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this study is to provide an evidence for clinical practice by systemic analysis on occupational therapy interventions for improvement of children's play. Methods : Articles used in this study were collected from database of Pubmed, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, Scopus, RISS, KISS, and National Library of Korea. The key words used in the search were "Play AND Occupational Therapy AND (Intervention OR Treatment)" and the publication period was limited from January 2007 to April 2017. 11 articles in total were selected for the systematic review analysis. Results : The results revealed that the majority of studies was one-group non-randomized study and the majority of intervention used was play-based intervention in case of that play itself was the intervention goal. The most frequently used environment for the intervention was parallel setting of home and treatment room. The majority of studies was for children with ADHD and the most commonly used assessment tool was Test of Playfulness (ToP). Dependent variables measured along with play were language skills, social interactive skills, communication and pragmatic skills, problem-solving skills, caregiver responsiveness, and parent-child interaction. Conclusion : This study help to understand the current state of occupational therapy intervention for improvement of children's play. Starting with the understanding, it is expected that various studies on play of children will be done in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.3
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• pp.368-377
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• 2000

This study was conducted to examine the recent developments in timber certification schemes at global level such as FSC certification and ISO 14001 system and to analyze their potential impacts on the Korean forest products trade. Data and information on standards and procedure of timber certification and certified forest lands were collected from relevant papers, statistics and reports published by regional and international organizations. In order to analyze the impacts on the Korean forest products trade, questionnaire survey to the affected parties was conducted on acknowledge of key words relating to environment and trade and on the additional amount of willingness to pay for a labeled timber from environmentally sound and sustainably managed forests. Quantities of certified timbers supplied would continue to increase due to lots of timber certification schemes developed and implemented at national, regional and global levels and growing interests in certification from many countries. Demand for certified timbers, however, is far from clear at this stage. The deciding factor would be consumer reaction to the certified products. In the short run, the timber certification would have a little impacts on forest products imports into Korean markets since domestic purchasers do not have much interests in environment related trade measures and their willingness to pay price premiums for certified timbers is not high. However, it could be expected that timber certification has negative impacts on exports of forest products, such as flooring and plywood, to developed European markets where timber certification is used as a trade barrier.

• Strategy21
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• s.46
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• pp.123-157
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• 2020

This research focuses on one important type of non-traditional threat, maritime piracy, and tries to supplement previous research from the perspective of military power, especially naval power. When considering the elements of military power, naval power is a core independent variable to explain piracy incidents. Indeed, naval power can play a key role in solving piracy problems, since naval power is the only legitimate force to respond to piracy in the sea. It is natural that well equipped and trained naval power in the sea increases the probability of capturing pirates, which leads to increasing the costs of piracy and decreasing its occurrences. In addition, since naval combatant ships have more impressive weapons than those of pirate boats, just the presence of naval combatant ships could serve to deter piracy incidents in the sea. The main purpose of this research is finding the effectiveness of large multinational naval efforts to deter piracy incidents in Africa. With this research purpose, I analyze 771 piracy incidents that occurred in African states from 2009 to 2014. Furthermore, I include all 33 coastal states in Africa regardless of the experiences of piracy incidents in order to avoid selection bias, which is very common in quantitative-based piracy incidents research. The dependent variable of this research is frequency of maritime piracy incidents for a country-year and the independent variable is the number of multi-national naval warships that operate near Somalia. With this analysis, I find the large number of multi-state naval combatant ships are negatively related to piracy incidents. In other words, as a main means to counteract piracy incidents, multi-state naval combatant ships are conducive to reduce piracy incidents near Somalia, since it increases costs (being captured) of conducting piracy.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.49-78
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• 1998

Nowadays, there are increasing demands of golf courses and it is necessary to make more golf courses than the present. To do this, we need to improve the environmental problems with the regional inhabitants, and it is said that the first thing to be considered in developing any golf course in Korea is to preserve the environment. In this context, the purpose of this study is to set forth several design factors to lessen the negative impacts which are accompanied with the development of golf courses. 1. The present conditions of golf courses in Korea Many new golf courses have come into being, particularly since the late 1980s, and now, in the year of 1997, over one hundred of golf courses are doing their business, yet the number of golf course is still less than required. So far, over a half of them have been made in the vicinity of Seoul on account of various reasons, and this has adversely affected on our natural environment. This unreasonable development of golf courses has caused serious water pollution, landslides and the other problems. Also, the topography of Korea is not good for golf courses. Although the demands of golf courses are increasing, the suitable sites for them are very limited, and therefore it is sometimes unavoidable to make golf courses on steep hills. Consequently, in designing golf courses in Korea, the most important thing is the balance between natural environment and artificial environment. 2.Eco-friendly golf course design factors 1) The concept of eco-friendly golf courses Ecologically sustainable and sound golf courses which are made by eco-friendly approaches 2)Basic conditions of eco-friendly golf courses (1)The most suitable sites (2) Conservation of existing ground as much as possible (3)Proper use of agricultural chemicals which have great impacts on the environment (4) Reasonable use of fertilizers (5) Developing a specialized fertilizer only for grass (6) Adaptation of organic agriculture (7) Improvement of grass sorts (8) Establishing reservoirs for purifying the water from golf courses 3) Eco-friendly golf courses (1) Location-Enough area /Gentle slope/Winding ground/Including lakes or streams /Not crossing wind's main direction Facing south or southeast /Suitable soIl for grass /Good drainage /Low level of underground water (2)Course layout and design -Consideration about existing contours as much as possible -Adaptation of Scotish design trend -Various holes' configuration -Consideration toward surrounding landscapes -Reducing grass areas -Giving buffer zones -Adapting computer methods in the process of site analysis and design (3) Eco-friendly considerations in constructing and managing golf courses -Protection of wildlife -Reuse of existing forests and preservation of topsoil -Renovation of old-fashioned courses -Reducing grass areas -Purification of water -Standization of management -Strict regulations against chemicals -Recycling organic materials -Through separation of the water inside golf courses and out of bounds -Getting proper construction works done in a due time 4.Eco-friendly considerations from a viewpoint of cultural environment 1) Well-matched landscape design and events planning 2) Implement of identifications and awarding systerns 3)Acknowledgement of superintendents' qualitications in the maintenance of golf courses 4)Increasing public golf courses and keeping good relationships with the neighbors near golf courses Key words: Pro-environmental development, Golf course.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.20
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• pp.197-215
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• 2004

In this paper, I reexamined the word 'Sijo-samjang(시조삼강)' and gave a new meaning of it. In addition, I proposed the new concept of 'Sijo-samjang' which meant the characteristic of a Pyon'ga(편가) in Sijo-chang(시조창). For a long time, 'Sijo-samjang' was regarded as a word which indicated the three sections of a Sijo. It was because of the fixed idea that a Sijo was always composed of a form separated by three parts. Unlike the fixed idea, I found the fact that 'Sijo-samjang' meant singing successively three different Sijos which adapted three different music by reexamining the actual uses of the word in the texts of the days. Thus, I could come to a conclusion that 'Sijo-samjang' was the word indicating a specific music system of a Sijo-chang(singing a Sijo) corresponding to a Pyon'ga of a Gagok(가곡). 'Sijo-samjang' seemed to be molded up while the music of Sijo-chang developed. Usually, a successive singing of the three different Sijos, such as Pyong-sijo(평시조), Chirum-sijo(지름시조), and Sasol-sijo(사설시조), was called 'Sijo-samjang'. However, some of the three could be omitted, and some of it could be substituted by a derived song. This kind of a usual and a derived form seemed to be settled as an important custom of singing a Silo after the 19 century. The main point of the development of music in Sijo-chang was having the characteristic of compilation which meant singing Pyong-sijo, Chirum-sijo, and Sasol-sijo successively. 'Sijo-samjang' was the concept which explained this kind of characteristic and was one of the key words to understand the development of Sijo-chang.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2008

Purpose : When the pliability of the Lumbar is degraded, the kinesiology function undergoes an influence and it receives an overload. Finally, it is connected with a Lumbar muscular injury. When it does the regular exercise treatment the lumbago patient the balance and function of changeover are improved. The purpose of this study is to review of effect of the PNF application for lumbago patient Methods : By using internet, we research the PubMed, Science Direct, KISS, DBpia and the article on the effect of PNF. We selected the article between 1970 and 2007. Key words were low back pain, lumbago, PNF. Results : PNF is a therapeutic exercise for central nervous system(CNS) patient and the peripheral nervous system(PNS) patient and it is widely applied from sports medicine in the last. According to research of the Jung Young Jo(2007) and Han Kou Soo(2002), PNF technique improves the pain and a condition of the lumbago patient. And the affection balanced change and dynamic balance change and spontaneous movable scope are improved. And it improved to daily life activity. According to research of Moore and Hutton(1980), Lee Kyoung Hye(1999), PNF stretching where it is one of muscular relaxation is good in lumbar muscle fascia ache solutions, and PNF stretching that muscle is relaxed and increases ROM by Reflective system of the vertebra. These researches is relation all each other. it have appeared many report of research about Pliability, muscular power, balance, mobility improve ADL movement of attendance ability and functional action improved excise therapy put effect about lumbago patient recently, it have appeared research about therapy of lumbago patient through PNF. But PNF technique is not application about lumbago patient in clinic, therefore also it is not enough for case study about this therapy. Conclusion : PNF improve combination operation of muscle, inconvenience decrease from daily life activity, ROM(range of movement) of lumbar is increase and Lumbago reduce. So we suggest that PNF will be applies on the lumbago patient and must do a many research.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.249-254
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• 2019

According to the recent expansion of the network environment, the spread of smart devices is continuously increasing. With the spread of smart devices such as smart phones, smart pads and wearables, changes are taking place in smart technologies and IT convergence technologies. The development of smart technology is a key element of the 4th industrial technology. The Fourth Industrial Revolution expanded the new service-based industry by adding intelligence to residential, industrial and production environments using IT convergence and smart devices. Research on providing various services using smart technologies, such as smart home, smart factory, smart farm, and smart healthcare, is being conducted in variety. In particular, There is a sharp rise in smart homes due to the proliferation of IoT devices and the growth of sensor technology, control technology, applications, data management, and cloud services. Smart home services using smart technology provide residents with convenient, beneficial services and environments. Smart home service has complemented the existing home network service, but there still are flaws to be modified. In other words, the spread of smart devices, the development of service provider-oriented services, and the interlocking of services have limitations in providing services in consideration of user environment and user state. In order to solve this problem, this study proposes a smart home service system that considers the situation of the elderly.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to describe the attributes of nursing with humor based on an integrative review and to present basic information for developing humor intervention programs for children. Methods: Using combinations of the terms 'nursing' and 'humor' as key words, the researchers searched four electronic databases to relevant identify studies. Thirteen studies were selected through full text screening of related research published in academic journals from January 1993 to April 2013. Results: Through in-depth discussion and investigation of the relevant literature, three components emerged; 1) using instruments of coping for stress relief, 2) symptoms relief through pleasant feeling, and 3) job satisfaction and work improvement of nurse using humor. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that humor is valuable as a nursing intervention for children and the possibility of bringing about positive results in nursing care if nurses utilize the sense of humor as fully as they can. Therefore, it is critical for nurses to develop a diversity of humor interventions for children as well as measurements to test quality and quantity of humor used in clinical pediatric settings.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.442-458
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• 2008

This paper aims to examine the ways in which project-based organizations (PBOs) are embedded in social networks and geographical clustering in the case of TV drama industry. PBOs refer to a variety of temporary organizational forms for the performance of tasks as to integrate diverse and specialized intellectual resources. PEOs as a flexible and innovative mode of organizing knowledge resources are becoming increasingly worthy of attention in emerging the creative economy. Evidence from interviews with core persons of PEOs like producers, directors, and writers reveals that the key operational mechanism of the project form of organization is based on the highly socialized networks via individual's reputation and past experiences. In other words, the project activity in TV drama is embedded in networks which are socially constructed. Also the geographical clustering plays an important role in PBOs and project practices in TV drama are constructed around a high degree of spatial clustering. PBOs are clustering in Kang-nam and Yeouido, where are located in independent production companies and broadcasting stations. It means that the project formation in TV drama requires geographically-clustered networks of human resources, and socially, culturally and geographically embedded latent networks of interpersonal relationships are a necessary condition of POBs in the TV drama industry.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.46-60
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study is to provide evidence for a systematic analysis of occupational therapy evaluations and interventions for the activities of daily living of children and adolescents. Methods : The research period was from 2010 to September 2019. The articles were collected from the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS) and Koreanstudies Information Service System (KISS) databases. The key words were 'pediatric occupational therapy & activities of daily living', 'pediatric occupational therapy & self care', 'pediatric occupational therapy & self management', 'pediatric occupational therapy & occupation', 'occupational therapy & eating', 'occupational therapy & AMPS (Assessment of Motor and Process Skills)', 'occupational therapy & WeeFIM (Functional Independence Measure for children'. Results : A total of 14 studies were analyzed, the qualitative level IV, V of the study was 72% of the total research. The diagnosis of participants included 50% intellectual disorder and 20% brain lesion, including cerebral palsy. The most frequently used method to assess the activities of daily living was Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). The most frequently used method to therapy was sensory integration therapy. The intervention effect of all studies was positive, however, the use of group programs on the occupational therapy on children with intellectually disorder didn't work. Conclusion : In Korea, there are no articles that systematically analyze whether occupational therapy improves the activities of daily living in children and adolescents.