• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.107-122
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• 2015

PURPOSES : The use of virtual driving tests to determine actual road driving behavior is increasing. However, the results indicate a gap between real and virtual driving under same road conditions road based on ergonomic factors, such as anxiety and speed. In the future, the use of virtual driving tests is expected to increase. For this reason, the purpose of this study is to analyze the gap between real and virtual driving on same road conditions and to use a calibration formula to allow for higher reliability of virtual driving tests. METHODS : An intelligent driving recorder was used to capture real driving. A driving simulator was used to record virtual driving. Additionally, a virtual driving map was made with the UC-Win/Road software. We gathered data including geometric structure information, driving information, driver information, and road operation information for real driving and virtual driving on the same road conditions. In this study we investigated a range of gaps, driving speeds, and lateral positions, and introduced a calibration formula to the virtual record to achieve the same record as the real driving situation by applying the effects of the main causes of discrepancy between the two (driving speed and lateral position) using a linear regression model. RESULTS: In the virtual driving test, driving speed and lateral position were determined to be higher and bigger than in the real Driving test, respectively. Additionally, the virtual driving test reduces the concentration, anxiety, and reality when compared to the real driving test. The formula includes four variables to produce the calibration: tangent driving speed, curve driving speed, tangent lateral position, and curve lateral position. However, the tangent lateral position was excluded because it was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The results of analyzing the formula from MPB (mean prediction bias), MAD (mean absolute deviation) is after applying the formula to the virtual driving test, similar to the real driving test so that the formula works. Because this study was conducted on a national, two-way road, the road speed limit was 80 km/h, and the lane width was 3.0-3.5 m. It works in the same condition road restrictively.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2008

The major users of children's library are children and housewives. Recent increasing frequency of their visit to the library expands the function of it from the place where they borrow and read books further to the cultural space where each family unit can enjoy leisure activities. Though the children's library basically is a quiet place for reading books, peers' establishing friendship and emotional bond with the parents, and such plays as small scale muscular movements take place in addition to reading activities because the major users are infants under six or children in the lower grades in elementary school. Thus, in order to study the features and requirements that are inherent in the various behaviors of the children who use furniture, understanding of the particular factors in the physical environment of the children's library and the user context must precede. In reality, though the fixed form of the desks and chairs in the library was made by a small number of designers, a large number of children are using them in tremendously various ways beyond the ways that the designers had intended, adapting themselves to the environmental context. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out the children's using way of seats when they do reading and playing activities based on the way of interaction between children and parents, and, after modeling of the children's behavior data, to understand the demands inherent inside the various behaviors of children who use furniture.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.124-132
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• 2013

An influx of the population to the city has soared due to industrialization. As times go by, cities become densely populated so Korean government started to construct a number of buildings including apartment housings. Because they have become functionally, structurally, esthetically deteriorated over the past two decades. some improvements are needed. There are mainly two ways to improve old buildings: remodeling and reconstruction. Between the two, the first one is more popular as it is less time-consuming and more eco-friendly. Demolition work comes first for both of them and it should not give negative effects since it is regarded as a CP(Critical path) in the overall process. For this reason, a thorough construction management must be done. The reality, however, demolition is managed by the construction manager's experiences and decisions. If the key factor of demolition which is the planning of manpower and machine equipment, is determined by unscientific and subjective judgments, its period and risk also will increase. In particular, eco-friendly demolition can be more risky because it's been rarely conducted. Therefore, scientific and objective ways of demolition management are needed. In this context, this paper aims at analyzing productivity in each process of demolition focusing on manpower and machinery equipment which are the main parts of demolition assuming that the demands of eco-friendly remodeling demolition projects will be increasing. At the same time, by estimating working period through the output, this paper would be helpful to set up the plans for overall project in earlier stage.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.54-62
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• 2020

According to the Ministry of Health and Welfare, "Status of Registered Persons with Disabilities", the number of people with disabilities is 2,494,460 as of 2015. The lowest rates of children with disabilities were intellectual disabilities (23%) and mental disorders (33.3%). The highest rates of screening were blindness (97%), heart failure (94.4%), and hearing impairment (92.7%). 65.2% of visually impaired people who have already had a disability at the time of marriage, and the remaining 34.8% can be thought to be the cause of high incidence of disability after marriage. 'SID (Seed in the Dark)' project was designed to recapture the visually impaired parent's desire for attachment and the space difficulties of the blind who want to be a normal parent to their children through a visual impairment of a father with 7-year-old daughter. Using Gear VR(Virtual Reality), the general public was able to feel the surroundings as if they had no vision and focused on the hearing. Especially, We expressed the sound wave visually and added the hilarious game element which grasps the terrain of the maze by sound wave like a 'blind person who perceives the surroundings by sound' and catches up with daughter. People with disabilities who are far from mental illness often have a form of family with children. The fact that the rate of childbirth is high means that there is relatively little problem in daily life. It is wondered that the rate of blindness among the visually impaired, which accounts for 10% of the total disabled, is the highest at 97%. This is because, in the case of the visually impaired, the obstacle is often caused by aging, accidents, or diseases due to inherited causes rather than the visual disorder. In particular, However, the fact that there is an obstacle in vision that accounts for 83% of the body's sensory organs causes other difficulties in the nursing process of children who are non-disabled. Parents do not know the face of child when their visual impairment is severe. Parents are extremely anxious about worry that they will be lost or abducted if their children are not by their side. And that the child recognizes the disability of his or her parents other than the other parents easily and takes it as a deficiency. Since visually impaired parents are mentally mature parents with non-disabled people, they may want their children not to feel deprived of their disability. The number of people with visual impairments has been increasing since 2001, and people with impairments often become disabled. In addition, there is much research on the problem of nondisabled parents who have children with disabilities, while there is relatively little interest and research on the problem of nondisabled child rearing of parents with disabilities.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-99
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• 2017

Medical practices such as surgery often need to accompany anesthesia, which frequently causes medical accidents. In order to determine whether a medical accident related to anesthesia was caused by a doctor's fault, it is necessary to understand what is the duty of care required for the medical staff such as a doctor through all stages of anesthesia. This paper analyzed Supreme Court decisions since 1990s and recent lower courts' decisions in order to understand standard of care with respect to anesthesia. While numerous medical accidents were related to inhalation anesthesia in the past, it turned out that recent medical accidents were often related to the use of intravenous or local anesthetics. In particular, legal disputes with respect to medical accidents related to propofol have considerably increased since 2007. However, because Supreme Court decisions as to anesthesia accidents are mostly related to inhalation anesthesia, they seem to be insufficient to set standard of care as to other types of anesthesia accidents. In light of the fact that medical accidents related to the use of propofol have been increasing, it is critical to establish and maintain clinical guidelines on the use of each anesthetic in the medical field. However, The Courts can present the standard of care suitable for medical reality to serve as a compass for medical practices.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.119-142
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to explore and describe of the reality of working poor in Korea. In spite of the increasing attention to the working poor, usual definitions of the working poor have some measurement questions. The definition of the working poor should focus on the key dimensions of work and poverty. This study defines working poor as all "persons who have devoted prior 6 months to working or looking for work and who lived in families with incomes below the poverty threshold". This study also defines poverty threshold based on the both concept of absolute and relative poverty. According to this definition, the working poor are almost equally divided between men and women and the majority of them are of prime working age. These characteristics of working poor are seems to be quite different from common sense. Also, serious deficiencies of human capital contribute to the employment problems of the working poor. Their education levels are much less than those of the working non-poor. The distributions of the employment status, occupation, and industry show also that the working poor are highly concentrated in a few low-wage jobs.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.167-172
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• 2014

Recently interest in energy is becoming increasingly amplified in the world. Green energy is the buzzword of the world's business community as well as governments also leave a green energy seonbongjang of economic recovery. According to the International Institute for Energy, it will be expected to invest in the field of green energy about 7 trillion dollar traslated into 7,000 trillian won around the world by 2030. Thus production, supply, reduce and reuse policies and techniques for green energy came pouring out like a flood. But there is a limit to the fuel supply in order to produce a power generation facility and the power supply that is essential. Reducing produced power efficiently is more important than the increasing of power production. At present, using a method that controls the equipment installed by measuring the environment for efficient control of the energy management of energy-consuming devices that are in use. But the reality is that many policies of national and corporate to did not work to solve a part of the energy savings. In this paper, I proposes a smart energy management system to control the equipment by using the accumulated data obtained with minimal changes in the environment using the energy.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.27
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• pp.283-316
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• 2004

This study examines different news frames of local newspapers reporting the controversial 'Nu[lear Waste Site' issues which deeply split regions showing their intention to bid for the state affair. Three local papers were analyzed for this study, "Gwang-Ju-Il-bo" "Mae-il-sin-mun" and "Jun-buk-il-bo." Overall, the three local papers displayed widely divergent main news frames on the same issue. Firstly, "Gwang-Ju-Il-bo", and "Mae-il-sln-mun" showed the strong tendency of using 'counter frame' while "Jun-buk-il-bo" exhibited 'loral development frame'. Secondly, "Gwang-Ju-Il-bo", and "Mae-il-sin-mun" were frequently headlined 'Nuclear Waste Site', while "Jun-buk-il-bo" carried headlines 'Radioactive Waste Management Facility' overwhelmingly more often than the other two papers, indicating that headline key words are closely associated with the configuration of news frames. Thirdly, the main news frames remained consistent for "Gwang-Ju-Il-bo", and "Mae-il-sin-mun" even after the government's report about the possible connection of 'ion-beam irradiation-accelator' and 'Nuclear Waste Site.' On the other hand, "Jun-buk-il-bo" was significantly less headlined 'Nuclear Waste Site' while significantly more headlined "Radioactice Waste Management Facility." "Jun-Buk-il-bo" which is in stark contrast to the other two papers changed in its tone by increasing the 'local development frame' with decrease in the 'counter frame.' The "Jun-buk-il-bo"'s more frequent use of 'Radioactive Waste Management Facility' as a headline than "Nuclear Waste Management Equipment" is seen as its attempt to minimize negative image of Nuclear Waste and to promote favorable public opinion by highlighting aspects of economic benefits and the local development the construction would brind about. The major findings of this study further support the claim that media overage ends up a reality. The fact that Buan in Jun-buk Province made a successful bid for the construction is not a coincidence.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.379-384
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• 2002

개발적인 측면에서 온라인 게임 환경에서의 NPC(Non Playable Character)들은 환경인식능력, 이동능력, 특수 능력 및 아이템의 소유 배분 등을 원활히 하기 위한 능력들을 소유해야 하며, 게임 환경을 인식, 저장하기 위한 데이터구조와 자신만의 독특한 임무(mission)를 달성하기 위한 계획을 갖고 행위를 해야 한다. 이런 의미에서 NPC는 자신만의 고유한 규칙과 행동 패턴, 그리고 목표(Goal)와 이를 실행하기 위한 계획(plan)을 소유하는 에이전트로 인식되어야 할 것이다. 그러나, 기존 게임의 NPC 제어 구조나 구현 방법은 이러한 요구조건에 부합되지 못한 부분이 많았다. C/C++ 같은 컴퓨터 언어들을 이용한 구현은 NPC의 유연성이나, 행위에 많은 문제점이 있었다. 이들 언어의 switch 문법은 NPC의 몇몇 특정 상태를 묘사하고, 그에 대한 행위를 지정하는 방법으로 사용되었으나, 게임 환경이 복잡해지면서, 더욱더 방대한 코드를 만들어야 했고, 해석하는데 많은 어려움을 주었으며, 동일한 NPC에 다른 행동패턴을 적용시키기도 어려웠다. 또한, 대부분의 제어권을 게임 서버 폭에서 도맡아 함으로써, 서버측에 많은 과부하 요인이 되기도 하였다. 이러한 어려움을 제거하기 위해서 게임 스크립트를 사용하기도 하였지만, 그 또한 단순 반복적인 패턴에 사용되거나, 캐릭터의 속성적인 측면만을 기술 할 수 있을 뿐이었다 이러한 어려움을 해소하기 위해서는 NPC들의 작업에 필요한 지식의 계층적 분화를 해야 하고, 현재 상황과 목표 변화에 적합한 반응을 표현할 수 있는 스크립트의 개발이 필수 적이라 할 수 있다 또한 스크립트의 실행도 게임 서버 측이 아닌 클라이언트 측에서 수행됨으로써, 서버에 걸리는 많은 부하를 줄일 수 있어야 할 것이다. 본 논문에서는, 대표적인 반응형 에이전트 시스템인 UMPRS/JAM을 이용하여, 에이전트 기반의 게임 캐릭터 구현 방법론에 대해 알아본다.퓨터 부품조립을 사용해서 Template-based reasoning 예를 보인다 본 방법론은 검색노력을 줄이고, 검색에 있어 Feasibility와 Admissibility를 보장한다.매김할 수 있는 중요한 계기가 될 것이다.재무/비재무적 지표를 고려한 인공신경망기법의 예측적중률이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 로지스틱회귀 분석의 재무적 지표모형은 훈련, 시험용이 84.45%, 85.10%인 반면, 재무/비재무적 지표모형은 84.45%, 85.08%로서 거의 동일한 예측적중률을 가졌으나 인공신경망기법 분석에서는 재무적 지표모형이 92.23%, 85.10%인 반면, 재무/비재무적 지표모형에서는 91.12%, 88.06%로서 향상된 예측적중률을 나타내었다.ting LMS according to increasing the step-size parameter $\mu$ in the experimentally computed. learning curve. Also we find that convergence speed of proposed algorithm is increased by (B+1) time proportional to B which B is the number of recycled data buffer without complexity of computation. Adaptive transversal filter with proposed data recycling buffer algorithm could efficiently reject ISI of channel and increase speed of convergence in avoidance burden of computational complexity in reality when it was experimented having

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.535-542
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• 2002

최근 IT 산업이 급성장하면서 화상 회의, 게임, 채팅 등에서의 아바타(avatar) 제어를 위한 자연스러운 인터페이스 기술이 요구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 동적 윤곽선 모델(active contour models; snakes)을 이용하여 복잡한 배경이 있는 컬러 CCD 카메라 영상에서 얼굴과 눈, 입, 눈썹, 코 등의 얼굴 요소에 대해 윤곽선을 추출하거나 위치를 파악하는 방법을 제안한다. 일반적으로 스네이크 알고리즘은 잡음에 민감하고 초기 모델을 어떻게 설정하는가에 따라 추출 성능이 크게 좌우되기 때문에 주로 단순한 배경의 영상에서 정면 얼굴의 추출에 사용되어왔다 본 연구에서는 이러한 단점을 파악하기 위해, 먼저 YIQ 색상 모델의 I 성분을 이용한 색상 정보와 차 영상 정보를 사용하여 얼굴의 최소 포함 사각형(minimum enclosing rectangle; MER)을 찾고, 이 얼굴 영역 내에서 기하학적인 위치 정보와 에지 정보를 이용하여 눈, 입, 눈썹, 코의 MER을 설정한다. 그런 다음, 각 요소의 MER 내에서 1차 미분과 2차 미분에 근거한 내부 에너지와 에지에 기반한 영상 에너지를 이용한 스네이크 알고리즘을 적용한다. 이때, 에지 영상에서 얼굴 주변의 복잡한 잡음을 제거하기 위하여 색상 정보 영상과 차 영상에 각각 모폴로지(morphology)의 팽창(dilation) 연산을 적용하고 이들의 AND 결합 영상에 팽창 연산을 다시 적용한 이진 영상을 필터로 사용한다. 총 7명으로부터 양 눈이 보이는 정면 유사 방향의 영상을 20장씩 취득하여 총 140장에 대해 실험한 결과, MER의 오차율은 얼굴, 눈, 입에 대해 각각 6.2%, 11.2%, 9.4%로 나타났다. 또한, 스네이크의 초기 제어점을 얼굴은 44개, 눈은 16개, 입은 24개로 지정하여 MER추출에 성공한 영상에 대해 스네이크 알고리즘을 수행한 결과, 추출된 영역의 오차율은 각각 2.2%, 2.6%, 2.5%로 나타났다.해서 Template-based reasoning 예를 보인다 본 방법론은 검색노력을 줄이고, 검색에 있어 Feasibility와 Admissibility를 보장한다.매김할 수 있는 중요한 계기가 될 것이다.재무/비재무적 지표를 고려한 인공신경망기법의 예측적중률이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 로지스틱회귀 분석의 재무적 지표모형은 훈련, 시험용이 84.45%, 85.10%인 반면, 재무/비재무적 지표모형은 84.45%, 85.08%로서 거의 동일한 예측적중률을 가졌으나 인공신경망기법 분석에서는 재무적 지표모형이 92.23%, 85.10%인 반면, 재무/비재무적 지표모형에서는 91.12%, 88.06%로서 향상된 예측적중률을 나타내었다.ting LMS according to increasing the step-size parameter $\mu$ in the experimentally computed. learning curve. Also we find that convergence speed of proposed algorithm is increased by (B+1) time proportional to B which B is the number of recycled data buffer without complexity of computation. Adaptive transversal filter with proposed data recycling buffer algorithm could efficiently reject ISI of channel and increase speed of convergence in avoidance burden of computational complexity in reality when it was experimented having the same condition of