• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.743-755
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• 2013

In recent years, the malicious apps with malicious code in normal apps are increasingly redistributed in Android market, which may incur various problems such as the leakage of authentication information and transaction information and fraudulent transactions when banking apps to process the financial transactions are exposed to such attacks. Thus the financial authorities established the laws and regulations as an countermeasures against those problems and domestic banks provide the integrity verification functions in their banking apps, yet its reliability has not been verified because the studies of the safety of the corresponding functions have seldom been conducted. Thus this study suggests the vulnerabilities of the integrity verification functions of banking apps by using Android reverse engineering analysis techniques. In case the suggested vulnerabilities are exploited, the integrity verification functions of banking apps are likely to be bypassed, which will facilitate malicious code inserting attacks through repackaging and its risk is very high as proved in a test of this study. Furthermore this study suggests the specific solutions to those vulnerabilities, which will contribute to improving the security level of smartphone financial transaction environment against the application forgery attacks.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.629-635
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• 2007

Reduced crew performance is frequently cited as a major causal factor in maritime accident causation. Although considerable research has been conducted on the hours of work undertaken by seafarers through interviews and the analysis of records, experimental studies to observe the effects of factors such as high workload, shift patterns, stress, sleep deprivation and disturbance on the cognitive performance of mariners have been limited. Other safety-critical transport industries, such as aviation and rail, have developed fatigue management tools to help manage the work patterns of their operators. Such a tool for mariners would assist shipboard crew, marine pilots and shore management in planning and improving work schedules. The overall aim of this paper is to determine a fatigue factor, which can be applied to human performance data, as part of a software program that calculates total cognitive performance. This program enables us to establish the levels of cognitive performance of a group of marine pilots to test a decision-making task based on radar information. This paper addresses one of the factors that may contribute to the determination of various fatigue factors: the effect of different work patterns on the cognitive performance of a marine pilot.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.95-104
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• 2003

The electric traction systems are quite differ from general power systems which is single-phase and heavy load. Therefore, there are inevitably power quality problems such as steady state or transient voltage drop, voltage imbalance and harmonic distortion. Among these problems, since steady-state volatge drop is the one of most important factor in electric power quality, many researches about on the compensation of volatge drop by using SVC(Static Var Compensator) and/or STACOM(Static Compensator) have been studied and proposed Also, it is expected that transient voltage drop(voltage sag) could affect the control and safety of high speed traction load. In this paper, voltage sag compensation of AT(Auto Transformer) feeding system are studied The detailed transient models of utility source, scott transformer, AT, and traction load are estabilished. The application of DVR(Dynamic Voltage Restorer) in electric traction system is proposed to compensate the voltage sag of traction network which is occured by the fault of utility source. It can be shown that application of the DVR in electric traction system is very useful to compensate the volatge sag from the result of related simulation works.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.3729-3744
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• 2011

As the size of structures become larger by civil and architectural structures becoming large, deeply underground, and high-rise, the conditions of underground foundation vary according to the location that the lack of bearing capacity locally because of ununiform of foundation in some parts is frequent. Generally, when the foundation is not homogeneous, the acquisition of safety through applying the most conservative foundation method possible becomes the focus to secure the stability of the superstructures. It is considered as because of inability to verify the application and stability and application of construction of different foundations through an outlined review because of lack of study in case of different foundation of mixed use of direct foundation and pile foundation. Therefore, through measurement interpretation of the different foundation in which the direct foundation and pile foundation are mixed in use, the grounds in which the hypothetical bearing capacity changes dramatically was modeled to evaluate the applicability of different foundations. Also, based on the results of measurement interpretation, various foundations are created by using plaster, Joomunjin standard soil, and rubble to conduct an indoor model test to compare and analyze the movement of pile foundation and different foundations. Based on such research results, the stability and applicability of the different foundations which is more efficient and economical than the existing foundations in case of grounds in which the bearing capacity changes dramatically by comparing and analyzing the different foundations (direct foundation + pile foundation) with the conservative pile foundation and mat foundation. As a result, when the different foundation is applied, the overall settlement amount increased than the conservative pile foundation. However, the difference was very minute and it has been confirmed to be no issue as a result of assessment of stability of the differential settlement of structures through critical angle displacement.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.42-50
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• 2015

Beijing and Seoul are the capital of China and Korea, and political, economic, cultural, and tourist centers as well. Beijing is most likely to follow the footsteps of Seoul in the process of urbanization. The purpose of this study is to find out differences and improvements by comparing the solid waste management system between Beijing and Seoul. China classifies waste into urban waste, industrial waste and hazardous waste, which is the same as Korea did in 1980s. Beijing's policy directions in the waste management is similar to Seoul's in the early 1990s when Seoul strived to construct incinerators and landfill. Beijing's waste management achievements are also similar to Seoul's in that the ratio of recycling and incineration is high and that of landfill is low. Hence, it is expected for the waste management policies and achievement of two cities to resemble more and more. Financial burdens of government, indifference of citizens, and decentralized organizations of waste management might be the issues for Beijing to solve. In particular, to implement the user fee system and to encourage citizens to participate in waste separation discharge appear to be key issues in Beijing. Seoul should take a look at which the Beijing government itself collects waste in station and central area.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.191-197
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• 2000

Objectives : Risperidone is a new antipsychotic drug developed to overcome the therapeutic limitation of conventional antipsychotics. It responses to negative as well as positive symptoms by blocking both dopaminergic and serotonergic receptors, causing no significant side effects such as agranulocytosis and seizure. It is, however, not known whether it induces any serious cardiovascular side effects as evoked by other conventional antipsychotic drugs. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of risperidone on cardiovascular function, and to discuss the factors affecting the cardiovascular function. Methods : For 42 patients(22 males and 20 females) diagnosed as schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder or schizoaffective disorder according to the DSM-IV classification, the cardiovascular fuctions such as heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, PR interval, QRS interval and QT interval were successively checked before and after 2 weeks and 4 weeks risperidone administration. Furthermore, variables such as body weight, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS), Clinical Global Impression(CGI), Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale(ESRS), Anticholinergic Rating Scale(ARS), serum cholesterol level, serum triglyceride level, serum high-density-lipoprotein level, serum WBC, serum Hb, serum platelet level, prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were also analyzed before and after 2 weeks and 4 weeks risperidone administration. Results : 1) Risperidone treatment resulted in a significantly decreased heart rate and increased QT interval after 4 weeks administration(p<0.005 respectively). 2) The scores of BPRS and CGI were significantly decreased after 2 weeks and 4 weeks risperidone administration as compared with baseline(p<0.001 respectively). The scores of ESRS and ASRS were significantly increased after 2 weeks and 4 weeks risperidone administration as compared with baseline(p<0.001 respectively). 3) There were positive correlations between heart rate after 4 weeks and total dose(P<0.05). Blood pressure was significantly(p<0.05) correlated with sex(higher in male) and significantly(p<0.05) positive correlated with body weight. QT interval was significantly(p<0.05) correlated with sex(longer in female) and smoking history(shorter in smokers). Conclusions : Risperidone could induce significant change in heart rate and Q-T interval. Therefore, the cardiovascular safety for risperidone should be reconsidered according to the duration and dosage increase.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.1027-1033
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• 2010

A two-phase (gas-liquid) flow is a common phenomenon in fluidic systems, e.g., fluidic systems in the electro-magnetic or nuclear power generation industry and in the steel industry. The measurement of a two-phase flow is important for guaranteeing the safety of the system and for achieving the desired performance. The measurement of the void fraction, which is one of the parameters of the two-phase flow that determines the pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient, is very important. The time resolution achieved by employing the impedance method that can be used to calculate the void fraction from the impedance of the fluid is high because the electric characteristics are taken into account. Therefore, this method can be employed to accurately measure the void fraction without distortion of flow in real time by placing electrodes on the walls of the tubes. Coney analytically studied a ring-type impedance meter, which can be employed in a circular tube. The aim of this study is to experimentally verify the robustness of a three-ring impedance meter to variations in the electric conductivity of the fluid; this robustness was suggested by Coney but was not experimentally verified.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.350-361
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• 2013

aksun(藥饍), or 'Traditional oriental medicine nutrition therapy', is expected to be an effective nutritional intervention for the patients suffering from chronic diseases. However, there are no systemized protocol that utilize Yaksun as an effective nutrition therapy for Asian patients even though they are accustomed to traditional oriental diet. We investigated the possibility of using Yaksun for developing an effective Medical Nutrition Therapy for Asian patients and proposed factors that have to be considered. Articles published between 1995-2012 about MNT (Medical Nutrition Therapy) and Yaksun were reviewed. Male and female patients of two Korean Medicine Hospitals (n=93) and one Korean Medicine Clinic (n=20) answered a questionnaire asking about their thoughts on the effectiveness of nutritional intervention for their disease management and about their expectations toward Medical Nutrition Therapy on Korean Medicine. 92.9% of the patients have perceived that nutritional intervention is important in disease management. 79.6% of the patients have positively responded that they are willing to use the Medical Nutrition Therapy on Korean Medicine as a clinical nutrition therapy if developed. Female patients, aged in their forties and fifties, educated equivalent to high school graduates and more, and who visited Korean medicine clinic were most interested in the Medical Nutritional Therapy on Korean Medicine. The factors considered in developing the protocol are 1. effectiveness 2. safety 3. expense, in order of importance. Nutritional intervention protocol using Yacksun is necessary for the patients. Medical Nutrition Therapy on Korean Medicine is in need of development. Accumulated case-control studies, cost effectiveness studies, and studies about programming and systemizing the protocol are needed.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.973-982
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• 2012

Crop safety in heavy metal contaminated agricultural field has been a critical issue in Korea and various remediation methods are proposed for minimizing heavy metal transfer from soil to crops. The main objective of this research was to evaluate remediation efficiency of two chemical amendments, lime and steel slag, and to decide extractant for assessing bioavailability of heavy metals. In order to select optimum extractant for evaluating bioavailability of heavy metals, four different single extractants, HCl, DTPA, $CaCl_2$, $NH_4NO_3$, and sequential extraction method were examined. Both chemical amendments showed high immobilization effect for Cd (66%, $33.62mg\;kg^{-1}$) and Pb (74%, $27.65mg\;kg^{-1}$) in soil by HCl extractant. In terms of heavy metal concentration in rice grains, concentrations for Cd (77%, $0.023mg\;kg^{-1}$) and Pb (82%, $0.039mg\;kg^{-1}$) decreased, with addition of chemical amendments. HCl, DTPA, and sequential extractant showed the higher correlation between heavy metal concentration in soil and crops than others. These results indicated that they could be used for assessing bioavailability of heavy metals.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.747-752
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• 1996

Video-assisted thoracic surgery(VATS) has been widely used in the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax in spite of the absence of definitive data regarding the relative safety and long term results of this procedure. We reviewed 34 patients (group I) who underwent )8 video-assisted surgical procedures for spontaneous pneumothorax from June 1994 to December 1995 and compared the results of these patients with the results of another 14 patients (group ll) who underwent bullectomy through axillary Oho- racotomy during the same period. Average age, sex distribution, site and extent of pneumothorax, surgical indications, and complication rate showed no differences between the two groups. In group ll patients, th number and sites of bullae tend to be multiple compared to patients in group 1. The mean number of ends-GIA used for stapling of bullae was 2. 6 per patient with the range from 2 to 4 in group 1. The mean duration of chest tube drainage was not different between the two groups ().7 days and 3.9 days), but the mean time to discharge was significantly shorter in group I (5.6 days) than in group ll (8.9 days). Mean follow-up time was 12 and 11 months in each groups and ranged from 2 to 21 months. Pneumothorax recurred after three of 38 procedures in group I (7.9 %) with no recurrence in group ll. These data suggest that video-assisted thoracic surgery is a viable alternative to thoracotomy for the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax with low morbidity and shorter hospital stay. However, it should be applied cautiously to patients with spontaneous pneumothorax because of the relatively high incidence of recurrence compared to axillary thoracotomy.