• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.222-227
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• 2022

In this paper, we implemented a Korean text generation and classification model based on a deep learning algorithm that can be applied to various industries. It consists of two implemented GAN-based Korean handwriting generation models and CNN-based Korean handwriting classification models. The GAN model consists of a generator model for generating fake Korean handwriting data and a discriminator model for discriminating fake handwritten data. In the case of the CNN model, the model was trained using the 'PHD08' dataset, and the learning result was 92.45. It was confirmed that Korean handwriting was classified with % accuracy. As a result of evaluating the performance of the classification model by integrating the Korean cursive data generated through the implemented GAN model and the training dataset of the existing CNN model, it was confirmed that the classification performance was 96.86%, which was superior to the existing classification performance.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 2016

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of task-oriented approach based on upper limb coordinated movement on the ability of the Korean handwriting in children with developmental coordination disorder(DCD). Methods/Design : This randomized controlled trial designed as a pre-/post- test will compare the effectiveness of task-oriented approach and process-oriented approach on handwriting performance for children with DCD aged 5 to 10. These interventions consist of 10 training sessions and 4 assessment sessions over 7weeks. Children will be measured regard to handwriting legibility, speed and pre-handwriting skills including upper limb movement skills, visual perception and visual motor coordination. Conclusion : This is the first attempt to investigate effects of a task-oriented approach in children with DCD. The significance of this study is to provide the clinical evidences to apply the task-oriented approach improves the children's handwriting performance. Furthermore it will also present a more effective intervention for handwriting by figuring out each approach's impact on the improvement of pre-handwriting skills.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Objective : This paper aimed to measure the relationship between the performance of Korean handwriting and visual fixation for children. Methods : Twenty-one typically developing children aged 7 to 9 years participated in the study. The children performed Korean handwriting task wearing Tobii Pro Glasses 2. The Korean handwriting task consisted of 10 words from elementary school textbooks. The handwriting skill was measured by the coefficient variation of the letter size and the fixation cound and duration. Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relation between visual fixation and the coefficient variation of the letter size. Results : The results showed that the visual fixation per second was positively correlated with Korean handwriting vertical size coefficient variation, indicating that the more consistent the vertical size of the letter, the smaller the fixation count per second. Conclusion : The results suggested a relation between the performance of Korean handwriting and visual fixation in typically developing children. This study is the first attempt to measure eye movement during the Korean handwriting process, and suggests a future direction for research on students' development in writing Korean.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.416-428
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• 2014

This study aimed to identify middle school students' perceptions and practices of handwriting, and factors affecting their attitudes towards handwriting. Data were collected by means of a survey targeting 346 students enrolled in 9 middle schools(Male=172, Female=172, Unknown=2, M=13.5 years old, SD= .94). Interviews, too, were conducted with 12 students in order to identify the students' perceptions of handwriting. The analyses of both survey and interview data revealed the following: (1) the majority of the interviewee students believed that handwriting is useful for memory and summarization so as to get a better school grade, including performance evaluations; (2) Many of the interviewee students were unsatisfied with their handwriting skills, giving higher scores to their peers' handwriting; (3) 45.7% of the students reported that mother was the one who taught them how to write for the first time; and 49.7% of them had no learning experience of taking notes; (4) Girls than boys and 1st graders than 2 or 3 graders showed more positive attitude towards handwriting; and (5) A multiple regression analysis showed that all the variables entered in the regression model, including sex, grade, affective attitude toward hands-on activities, physical abilities, time spent using a computer, and perceptions of Korean characters, had significant impacts on the students' attitudes towards handwriting.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of the study is to propose the treatment methods for problem of handwriting, micrographia in Parkinsons disease. Methods : For this purpose, foreign literatures on the subjects with Parkinsons disease was researched. Results : The results of this review is summarized as follows. The treatment methods for micrographia were applied to external cue and feedback among motor learning strategies in order to improve motor initiation. The external cues included visual, auditory, and verbal stimulations, and feedback strategy was visual stimulation. For writing with external cue or visual feedback, result in expanding the size of the letters in addition, writing task performance is maintained for a short period without those. Conclusion : Further studies are needed to examine the strategy maintained effect for long periods.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.63-73
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• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of crafts and handwriting on bilateral coordination during task performance. Methods : Randomly selected 30 college students without hand disability were invited for the study, and grouped 3(test group 1 for crafts, test group 2 for handwriting, and control group) with 10 students per group respectively. Then Jebsen-taylor hand function test, Purdue pegboard test, and Minnesota manual dexterity test were employed for evaluating changes before and after the intervention. Results : After training intervention of crafts and handwriting for two test groups, test groups showed better bilateral coordination significantly than the control group. Especially test group 1(crafts) showed a bigger difference at Jebsen-taylor hand function test, and likely test group 2(handwriting) did at Purdue pegboard test. Conclusion : It was found that crafts increase bilateral coordination, while handwriting increase hand dexterity during task performance. That is, crafts and handwriting affect tasks differently. Further studies applying various crafts and handwriting for many age groups will be helpful for identifying the better way of occupational intervention for individuals in lack of bilateral coordination.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1009-1015
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• 2009

Handwriting verification is a technique of distinguishing the same person's handwriting specimen from imitations with any two or more texts using one's handwriting individuality. This paper suggests an effective verification method for the handwritten signature or text on the off-line environment using pattern recognition technology. The core processes of the method which has been researched in this paper are extraction of letter area, extraction of features employing structural characteristics of handwritten text, feature analysis employing DTW(Dynamic Time Warping) algorithm and PCA(Principal Component Analysis). The experimental results show a superior performance of the suggested method.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.21 no.45
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• pp.357-364
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• 1998

This study deals with the performance evaluation of writing for designing handwriting instruments ergonomically. Experimental tests were executed on ballpoint pen., felt-tip pen, pencil, sharp-pencil, and fountain pen for ease of use and reduction of the muscles fatigue. The writing time and the degree of comfort of writing by subjects were measured on the diameters of five writing instruments. The results indicated that the ballpoint pen was rated significantly superior to the others in writing speed attribute and the instrument with the least fatigue was the fountain pen. There was a significant interaction effect between the types of instruments and their size in diameters. The diameter of instruments for considering time and comfort together was verified that the size of 9.5mm was efficient for ballpoint pen, the size of 8.1mm for felt-tip pen, the size of 7.5mm for pencil, the size of 8.2mm for sharp-pencil, and the size of 9.1mm for fountain pen.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2020

We sought to compare upper extremity muscle activity between handwriting on paper and touchscreen with dominant and non-dominant hands in younger adults (age 23.90±1.12) and the elderly (age 75.55±5.76). Muscle activity (percent of maximum voluntary contraction) in the biceps brachii muscle, triceps brachii muscle, flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, and extensor carpi ulnaris muscle was measured using an electromyography device. As a result, our data indicate that muscle activity is lower in younger adults than the elderly. Besides, muscle activity is lower in the dominant versus non-dominant hand, and lower when writing using a touchscreen than on paper. These results can be used to support recommending touchscreens in the elderly. Also, they can be used as baseline data for comparing the performance of non-paretic side and paretic side in patients relative to the central nervous system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.15-17
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• 2021

Handwriting recognition research is mainly focused on deep learning techniques and has achieved a great performance in the last few years. Especially, handwritten Thai digit recognition has been an important research area including generic digital numerical information, such as Thai official government documents and receipts. However, it becomes also a challenging task for a long time. For resolving the unavailability of a large Thai digit dataset, this paper constructs our dataset and learns them with some variants of the CNN model; Decision tree, K-nearest neighbors, Alexnet, LaNet-5, and VGG (11,13,16,19). The experimental results using the accuracy metric show the maximum accuracy of 98.29% when using VGG 13 with batch normalization.