• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.313-321
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop products that prevent muscular skeletal disease of farm workers, which would bring improvement for an efficient harvesting work. Background: A pretest for product development and a survey research was carried out to inspect the problems of current harvesting work procedure. The product was developed and assessed based on ideas to supplement and improve these weak points. Method: A total of twenty men were recruited to evaluate the effects of harvest baskets on the upper-limb muscle activity, working hours. For the usability evaluation, electromyogram and working hours of previous working method (disuse of harvest basket, one-hand carriage of the basket) and new working method with the usage of newly-developed harvest basket was examined. The whole anterior deltoid, biceps brachii and erector spinae on both sides, which make a total of six muscle parts, were used for this experiment. The results were analyzed using ANOVA with muscle activity (%MVC) of each three forms of work and required work time from SPSS 18.0. Results: According to the test result, all muscles did not demonstrate any statistically significant difference, with an exception of the backbone erector (right). The muscle activity of backbone erector (right) in the work method that uses the harvest basket developed in this study was detected to be approximately 23% less than that of the previous working method. Moreover, compared to the previous working method, the required work time decreased to a statistically significant degree. Conclusion: As such, the decrease in the amount of waist muscle usage at harvesting work would enable the prevention of muscular skeletal disease and stabilization of lumbar spine. Application: Which in turn would increase the effectiveness and reduce personnel expense (labor costs) while enhancing productivity with a decreased working hours.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2016

Purpose: Physical therapists are likely to be exposed to work-related musculoskeletal pain due to excessive repetitive tasks. This study was conducted to identify the relationship between work-related musculoskeletal pain and quality of life of physical therapists. Methods: A self-reported questionnaires was sent to 200 physical therapists at in Seoul and Kyoungido. The questionnaires was returned by 170 physical therapists. The questionnaire had included 4 items that coveringed demographic information, areas of musculoskeletal problems, pain rating scale, and WHOQOL-BREF. The analysis was completed using descriptive statistics, and differences between pain and demographic variables were identified using the chi-square test. The relationship between work-related musculoskeletal pain and quality of life was analyzed by t-test and Pearson's correlation. Results: The overall prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal pain was 76.8%. The most affected pain sites included the low back (48.8%), shoulder (45.,2%), hand and wrist (43.5%), and neck (33.3%). Pain ratings of subjects with pain was were moderate. There was a A significant difference for the subdomains of quality of life was observed between the subjects with musculoskeletal pain and those without pain. Weak negative correlations (r=-0.28) were observed between pain rating scale and QOL. Conclusion: These findings show that physical therapists appear to be at a higher risk for work-related musculoskeletal pain and physical domain of QOL. Therefore, Ffurther research is needed to investigate examine the effect of risk factors and ergonomics as physical load, general health status on prevalence of musculoskeletal pain.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.905-913
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• 1999

The hand is a part of the body which has various functions and a sophisticated structures bone, Joint, tendon, ligament and logical nerve organ are aggregated densely in the hand of anatomy its functions are delicate. The hand's functions are very important for doing ADL and a worker's As the hand is structure which is used often and commonly it is a site that can be easily damaged by a accident on work. This study was investigated and analyzed by the results from 238 workers who had hand injury and physical therapy from January, 1997 to June, 1998 at Shin-Pung, Jang-Lim industrial complex which is located in Pusan. 1. A hand injury most frequertly happened in worker in their 30's and 20's(66 case, 28%), second was 57 case(24%) their 40's. 2. Among workers suffering from injury, who had one or less than 2 years on the job, a injury most frequently occurred. 3. Scale of workers, A injury most frequently happend in a place where had workers from 10 to 50. 99 workers from that place were 42% of total. 4. Month of occurrence rate in March were the highest compared to other months 40 injury workers in march were 17% of the total. Second was July, and the least was April that injury appeared with 10 workers. (4.2% of the total) 1. Frocture was the most common lesion 82 workers had that lesion(34%) soft tissue rupture was 71 workers who were 30% of total in type of lesion. 2. Of the site of lesion multiple case was the most common in which 57 workers had that lesion it were 24% of the total. The next was the index finger site in which 44 workers were 19% of the total. The index finger was the most common mono-site that can be lesion 36 workers were the middle finger lesion workers who were 15% of the total. Of the joint lesion, PIP was the most in which 76 workers were 44% and in MC 27 workers were 15% of the total. 3. Interval of physical therapy 79 workers from one month to 2 months, was 33% of the total and 174 workers who had therapy below 3 months were 71% 4. Post injury of disablity of the site, phalangeous disability was the most in which 148 workers had that injury and they were 62% of the total of the grade of disability 110 workers who were 46% of the total state from less than 25% disability in hand-function and 59 patients who were 25% had no disability. There were 6 workers (3% of the total) who had over -75%-dibability in the hand-function.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.33
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• pp.343-361
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• 2013

This paper derives the mutual relationship between film and installation art through specific case studies about the point of the intersection of the two genres. It needs to find the relationship between art painting and photography and the relationship of silent film and the relevance of the work of art in the 1920s. After painting over the installation exploring the relationship of art and through the mise en scene of the film, ie, the screen image of the configuration and deployment, or cinematic work of art for the film can be found in the application of practices. First, in Chapter 2, this study works of art practices through the analysis of film and the interaction between the two genres based practices for secure sex. In Chapter 3 the movie 'Wonderful Life' and installation art work "hand memory" through the analysis of the two cases specifically for the point of intersection analysis. 'Wonderful Life' and 'hand' Remember each subject and conceptual work in terms of 'memory' that it is represented on similar, but, film and installation art genre caused by the difference in the way the media represented by the results of the different forms of otherwise appear. If so, this study film and installation art practices through the comparison of cases to derive mutual relationship by analyzing two cases in detail what each of the different looks at whether any similarity in that.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.46
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• pp.207-231
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• 2017

Printmaking is a field of fine arts and is placed on a vague boundary that is perceived as a commercial product with a popular character due to the speciality of editions. Advances of modern science and technology has developed a new technique of printmaking, and the fusion of printmaking and computer has shown the possibility of reproduction art. Reproduction printmaking has been heavily influenced by photography and extended areas, and the various forms of printing have brought about many changes and attempts by stimulating the possibilities of indirect art at various angles. As the history of printmaking and technology closely relate, the development of computer makes widespread expansion of plural artistry, technological and artistic change. A new conceptual shape can be created on the copied image simply by placing the material of the print on the smoothly flat surface expressed in digital form. The process and the result of such work show the area of unique work which is different from the value of the $\grave{a}$ la carte art or the characteristics of the material given by the print. The deprecated perception of reproducibility evaluated the value of the work in a direct sense of printmaking. It is undeniable that it is devalued by a bundle of works regardless of the value of each edition. However, the physical properties of the prints on the paper are brought up with hand drawings drawn on the canvas by hand. And it becomes an opportunity to show new aspect and change through the process of combining digital print information on paper. The diversity of media is sometimes a controversy of identity between art and technology. In the future, it should be discussed how the limit of the media which can be enjoyed in the field of art can be set as a standard.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.179-184
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• 2013

An accident from machine work is often fatal to the worker. This accident is mostly preventable through perfect process jig. In case of this machine work, however, the disaster frequently occurred because of the design which is not considered the beginning of product design, post-process and mass process of production. As for sand casting method, this has the merits of the production; the product is easily produced by manual labor. On the other hand, this method has the demerits of a bigger dimensional error contrary to other mass process of production. When the sand casting product is in machine work, there are various problems such as unsafe fix and excessive cutting, product desorption and rapid life depreciation of equipment and tools. Considering the characteristics of sand casting method, it is accepted as difficulty to improve the problems. In this study, it suggests shell mold method for mold instead of the machine work after the sand casting of the circle shape container product. And the surface accomplishes the following average of surface roughness Ra$9.94{\mu}m$ of machine work with the casting of flask mold by shell mold method. In accordance with the simplification of processing process and reducing the average thickness variation by mass production of product with detailed appearance, it has a good influence on safety accident prevention caused by production and damaged product. It is confirmed that making higher degree of size precision of all machine work product is possible to increase the safety and productivity, reduce the processing process and improve environment.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.293-303
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• 2014

Recent historical unit price is presented by the Korea Institute of Construction Technology (KICT) and it is analyzed by data from large-scale projects. Therefore it has problem applying to small-scale projects. To indicate the problem, the study compared historical unit price of large-case project and small-case project in the case of civil engineering work, building construction, and mechanical facility work. As a result, average historical unit price of small-scale project was 26.6% higher than large-scale project. On the other hand, difference on the labor cost was 18.4%, difference on material cost and overheads were 8.18%. Moreover, the study proposed compensation method to correct to apply recent historical unit price to small-scale project.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.535-547
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• 2016

This study aims to identify factors that affect the degree of injury severity sustained in traffic crashes on work zone of Korean expressways. To this end, decision tree method was applied to identify influential factors on injury severity and compare characteristics of those factors between work zone and non-work zone. The results from the comparison show that the risk of severity was low when traffic volume and heavy vehicle ratio are high because the factors lower the overall section speed. On the other hand, when the traffic volume and the heavy vehicle ratio are low, the section speed increased and the tendency for high injury severity was confirmed. These findings are expected to help transportation planners and engineers understand which risk factors contribute more to severe injury in the work zones such that they can effectively prepare and implement safety countermeasures.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.263-277
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• 2016

Traffic safety in freeway work zones is of keen interest since both crash frequency and severity are much higher than those in general freeway sections. The lane closure in work zones results in greater work load of drivers due to compulsory lane changes and speed reduction. Therefore, traffic merging control is an effective countermeasure for enhancing work zone safety. This study proposed an integrated framework based on driving and traffic simulations to evaluate traffic merging control methods in terms of traffic safety. In addition to the conventional merging method using the taper, joint merge and chicane-type merge were evaluated by the proposed methodology. Chicane-type merge outperformed other methods under level of service (LOS) A and B. On the other hand, it was identified that joint merge showed the best safety performance under LOS C traffic conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.353-360
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• 2019

This study analyzed the effect that an organization's leadership and work environment exerts on social worker's practice performance. The survey for data collection was conducted from July 4th 2019 to July 30th, 2019 among employees of social welfare facilities located in Gyeonggi province. We analyzed the data from 205 participants who had agreed on the purpose of the study. The data analysis showed that the factors for social worker's practice performance were found to be marital status, leadership (transformational leadership, transactional leadership) and work environment. On the other hand, work environment (fairness of job evaluation) was found to have a mediating effect in the relationship between leadership and practice performance. Based on the results, this study discussed the need for adequate leadership to be practiced by taking the maturity of the organization members into consideration so that social worker's professional competence in practice performance can improve. As for work environment, it is imperative to increase the fairness in job evaluation.