• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.293-301
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of eating habits and dietary attitudes on dessert consumption among university students in Gwangju Province, South Korea. Methods: A survey was conducted from May to June 2022. Out of 300 distributed questionnaires, 261 valid responses were included in the analysis. The survey assessed dessert selection, satisfaction, consumer attitudes and behaviors, as well as factors influencing satisfaction. Results: Both genders reported purchasing desserts 2 to 3 times per week, primarily after lunch, due to the convenience of dessert accessibility. Males favored ice cream, bakery items, and fruits, while females preferred bakery items, ice cream, and fruits in that sequence. 'Having fun' was identified as the most common motivation for dessert consumption post-meal. Notable gender disparities emerged regarding perceptions of dessert consumption, including its role in stress relief, potential for nutritional imbalance, positive effects, and preferences for seasonal menus. Significant gender-based differences also manifested in intentions to purchase dessert, responsiveness to price changes, and inclination to recommend desserts to others. Conclusions: This study offers foundational data on university students' dessert purchasing behaviors, perceptions, and satisfaction levels, intending to inform strategies promoting healthier dietary habits.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.7 s.155
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• pp.1012-1024
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of color, shirt tone, tie tone, perceiver's gender on impression formation by applying tone on tone coloration of shirt and necktie: coloration of two colors. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales. The stimuli were 32 upper body photographs which were color outputs by CAD system(4D-box program). We unified those colors of shirts and neckties same, then made shirt and necktie tone differently. 27 bi-polar adjectives, each of which was graded into seven in its degree, were used to evaluate the impression. The subjects of this research were 192 male and 192 female college students in Gyeongnam province including Jinju City. The data was analyzed by using SPSS program. Analysis methods were four-way ANOVA. The items of the adjectives were classified into 5 impression dimension. - potency, activity, attractiveness, visibility and tenderness. Color, shirt tone, tie tone, and perceiver gender influenced on 5 impression formation by interaction as well as independently. Blue tie with vivid, light or dull tone had an effect on the formation of potency impression, vivid or light tone of shirt affected activity regardless of color or tie tone. As shirt and tie had different tone, effect on the formation of attractiveness impression, light tone had a negative effect on visibility but positive effect on tenderness. red color were more effective than blue expressed on visibility and tenderness in shirt or tie.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.6 s.78
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• pp.155-165
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• 2005

The pupose of this study is to investigate the effect of irrational relationship beliefs on marital duality of married men and women and to find out what sub-scales of irrational relationship beliefs have effect on marital quality. The data were collected from 301 married men and 302 married women living with their unmarried children in the metropolitan area around Seoul. All the respondents were asked to answer the self-reporting questionnaires. The analysis includes frequencies, means, 1-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan test, and hierarchical multiple regression models. the major findings are as follows. 1) The level of irrational relationship beliefs is below the average, and the married women show slightly higher level of irrational relationship beliefs than the men. On the other hand, the level of marital quality of the married men and women is slightly above the average with no difference between the men and the women. 2) In the case of the married men, the sub-scales of irrational relationship beliefs that have significantly negative effect on the marital quality are 'partners cannot change', 'disagreement is destructive,' and 'sexes are different' 3) In the case of the married women, the sub-scales of irrational relationship beliefs that have significantly negative effect on the marital quality are 'partners cannot change' and 'disagreement is destructive' According to the result of this study, irrational relationship beliefs have negative effect on marital quality. However, the effect of each sub-scales shows slight differences in gender. The finding of this study suggests that a promoting marital promoting marital qualify by reducing the irrational relationship beliefs should take the gender differences into consideration.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.455-465
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• 2021

The current study investigated multiple dimensions of brand personality for kids' fashion brands according to the brand personality scale of Aaker (1997) through an online survey of 500 women in their 20s to 40s raising children. The extracted brand personality factors, such as sincerity, competence, and excitement, showed positive and direct effects on brand loyalty. However, while sincerity and excitement turned out to have indirect effects mediated by brand identification on brand loyalty, competence did not have significant indirect effect. However, as a result of examining the moderated mediating effect according to the child's gender on the brand personality's mediating effect, in case of daughters, the effect of competence was strengthened, whereas the effects of sincerity and excitement were turned out to be increased in case of sons.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.1222-1240
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to compare the differences of the vocational values and the career orientation of science between middle school scientifically gifted students and non-gifted students. The subjects were 85 middle school scientifically gifted students and 139 middle school non-gifted students. For this purpose, the questionnaires about vocational values and science career orientation were administered. The results of this study were as follows: First, the vocational values between two groups were significantly different in 'diversity', 'reward', 'social recognition' and 'autonomy' among all 11 domains. 'Diversity' and 'autonomy' showed the highest scores for scientifically gifted students. On the other hand, for the non-gifted students, 'reward' and 'social recognition' showed the highest scores. Second, the grand mean of the science career orientation between two groups showed significant differences. The average of scientifically gifted students was significantly higher than that of the non-gifted students in all four sub-domains. Third, the main effect of the vocational values according to gender did not exist, but there were main effects, including diversity, reward, stability, social recognition and autonomy, between two groups. There was no interaction effect between group and gender in the vocational values. Fourth, there were interaction effects between group and gender in the science career orientation. The main effects existed in four sub-domains of science career orientation. However, according to gender, the main effect existed in the sub-domain 'job preference for science' between the male students and the female students.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7494-7500
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the customer's attitudes and behavioral responses, depending on the persuasion tactics of salespeople in customer service and meeting point. The tactics of persuasion of customer acceptance and purchase depending on the type of salesperson with proven effectiveness of even comes out to investigate what results according to the purchase form and the customer that the customer consumes gender. Results First, the tactics of persuasion tactics of coercive tactics to mention the loss of a salesman showed that increasing the degree of acceptance than non-coercive tactics to help consumers buy the information provided above. Second, coercive tactics to adjust the effect with respect to the degree of acceptance of the purchase of helping consumers to purchase in the online form has been proven to be more effective than non-coercive tactics case. Third, adjusted for gender effects were proven to help women with respect to the degree of acceptance of a consumer purchases more effective than men. That is, in consumer contacts, the persuasion tactics of salespeople depending on the customer's acceptance and purchasing intention showed that coercive tactics has the more positive impact on online forms and women.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.101-123
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• 2023

As an effort to further extend the existing understanding on the Psychology of Working Theory, this study examined gender differences in the paths to the attainment of decent work with Korean emerging adults. A total of 311 South Korean employees (mean age = 25.96, men = 94, women = 217) completed online questionnaires. We found that economic constraints inversely predicted work volition and career adaptability, which were positively relatedin turn, led to decent work. The overall indirect effect of work volition and career adaptability between economic constraints and decent work was significant., hHowever, the specific indirect effect of work volition and career adaptability was not significant. Further analyses showed a gender difference in the paths. Specifically, economic constraint was significantly negatively associated with work volition, and work volition predicted decent work only for women, but not for men. Moreover, economic constraint was significantly inversely associated with career adaptability, and career adaptability positively predicted decent work only for men, but not for women. Work volition mediated between economic constraints and decent work for women, while career adaptability had a mediating effect for men. It suggests that career resources for obtaining a decent work may be distinctive by genderdifferent groups.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.324-333
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• 2006

This study was designed to investigate the effect of bone demineralization and tibia lead on blood lead in retired lead workers. Two hundred thirty five(126 females and 109 males) retired lead workers who worked in 4 different lead factories and 101 non-occupationally lead exposed subjects(51 females and 51 males) were recruited from March 2004 to October 2004. Bone mineral density(BMD) was measured at left calcaneous bone area by broadband ultrasound attenuation(BUA) method with QUS-2(Metra Biosystems Inc, USA). The BUA value transformed into T-score by WHO standard conversion criteria. Tibia bone lead was measured for skeletal bone lead with K-xray fluorescence(K-XRF) and blood lead was analyzed with flameless atomic spectrophotometer. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum calcium and iron were also analyzed. In addition, information for smoking and drinking status and basic personal data such as age, gender and lead exposure were also collected using questionnaire inquiry. Blood lead was correlated with tibia lead (r=0.664) and these two variables were negatively correlated with BMD in bivariate analysis. BMD showed significant main effect on the change of blood lead independent to tibia lead without any effect modification of age or gender; the one T-score unit decrease of mineral bone density made $0.43{\mu}g/dl$ increase of blood lead. On the other hand, tibia lead showed effect modification with gender on blood lead; the slope of tibia lead on blood lead in male was steeper than in female and crossed at around zero of tibia lead. In the multiple regression analysis of blood lead and tibia lead on BMD after adjustment of related covariates, only blood lead showed statistically significant effect on BMD. This study confirmed that BMD and blood lead were significantly associated. To verify the causal association of BMD on blood lead and vice versa, further longitudinal studies are needed.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.279-300
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• 2021

The study explored the association between narcissism and sexual dating violence, and how ambivalent sexism affects the relation. Additionally, this study investigated if there exists gender difference in the relations between factors of narcissism and sexual dating violence, and the mediating effects of ambivalent sexism. Based on 200 participants(100 males and 100 females), the mediation effect of ambivalent sexism on the relation between narcissism and sexual dating violence was examined. For male participants, the mediation effect of hostile sexism on the relation between narcissism and sexual dating violence was significant, whereas for female participants the mediation effect of benevolent sexism on the relation between narcissism and sexual dating violence was significant. Different patterns were evident regarding the associations between factors of narcissism and sexual dating violence. For males, the more with exhibitionism and entitlement, the more with hostile sexism, and the more with sexual dating violence. For females, the more with exhibitionism, entitlement, and self-sufficiency, the more with benevolent sexism, and the more with sexual dating violence. The study revealed that the mediation effect of ambivalent sexism between narcissism and sexual dating violence differed by gender and by factors of narcissism. Finally, preventions measures for sexual dating violence were discussed.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.9
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• pp.101-128
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• 2002

Prior researchs on Internet shopping have focused on cognitive, technological factors, but this research is focused on emotions experienced during internet shopping. Examines emotion types experienced during internet shopping and shopping mall characteristics influencing emotional response and effect of emotions on internet shopping behavior, specifically focusing on gender difference The data, collected from a sample of 131 internet shoppers, indicate that emotion types experienced during internet shopping and shopping mall characteristics influencing emotional response and emotional response influencing internet shopping behavior are difference between female and male. Theses results provide insights on internet shopping mall management according to gender.