• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2018

The compounds associated with corrosion, in metallic archaeological samples of carbon steel of insular origin were evaluated to establish their degree of deterioration and structural damage against air pollution. The iron phases present in samples of archaeological artifacts were detected by Raman spectroscopy and confocal Raman microcopy. These samples mainly exhibited ing mainly ${\beta}$-FeO(OH) type goethite oxyhydroxides and small amounts of akaganeite ${\alpha}$-FeO(OH) lepidocrocite ${\gamma}$-FeO(OH) due to dominant chloride in a marine environment and non-stoichiometric oxyhydroxides Fe (II + / III +) as indicators of early corrosion. Some parts showed the presence of magnetic maghemite indicating high corrosion. ${\gamma}$-FeO(OH) is a precursor of phases associated with advanced marine corrosion. By studying its decomposition by Raman spectroscopy, it was synthesized with the following sequence: ${\gamma}-FeO(OH){\rightarrow}{\alpha}-FeO(OH)+{\gamma}-FeO(OH)$, ${\rightarrow}{\gamma}-Fe_2O_3+Fe_3O_4$. Ferric compounds provided evidence for the effect of intensity of laser on them, constituting a very useful input for the characterization of oxidation of iron in this type of artifacts. Thus, destructive analysis techniques should be avoided in addition to the use of small amounts of specimen.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.514-525
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation model for Diabetes self-management (DSM) behavior and Quality of life (QoL) in older adults with diabetes who use Citizen Health Promotion Centers. The theory used this study was a combination of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Model (IMB) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to reflect autonomous characteristics of participants. Methods: Data were collected from April 20 to August 31, 2015 using a self-report questionnaire. The sample was 205 patients with type 2 Diabetes who regularly visited a Citizen Health Promotion Center. SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 programs were used to analyze the efficiency of the hypothesized model and calculate the direct and indirect effects of factor affecting the participants' DSM behavior and QoL. Results: The supported hypotheses were as follows; 1) The variable that had a direct effect on QoL was health behavior adherence (${\gamma}=.55$, p=.007). 2) The variables that had a direct effect on DSM behavior were DSM information (${\gamma}=.15$, p=.023), DSM confidence (${\gamma}=.25$, p<.001), and autonomous motivation (${\gamma}=.13$, p=.048). 3) The variable that had a direct effect on DSM confidence was autonomy support (${\gamma}=.33$, p<.001). Conclusion: The major findings of this study are that supporting patient's autonomous motivation is an influential predictor for adherence to DSM behavior, and integrative intervention strategies which include knowledge, experience and psychosocial support are essential for older adults with diabetes to continue DSM behavior and improve QoL.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.117-127
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• 2000

The non-ELR-containing CXC chemokines Mig and IP-10 have been shown to function as chemotactic cytokines for activated T lymphocytes. In this study, we examined the potential involvement of Mig and IP-10 in antimycobacterial response of mice immunized or infected with M. bovis BCG. The accumulation of Mig and IP-10 mRNA in resident peritoneal monocytes ($RPM{\Phi}$) was slightly reduced by stimulation with vBCG, and the degree was greater for 24 hr culture even though IFN-${\gamma}$ was added. Expression of Mig, IP-10, and IFN-${\gamma}$ in 24 hr delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response was stronger in vBCG-immune mice than in the non-immune. The increase of DTH measured by foot-pad thickness appears to be clearly related to the levels of chemokines Mig and IP10 messages and those of IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-12. Stimulation with vBCG for 2 days decreased or completely dropped the levels of Mig message in non-immune or immune splenocytes, respectively, whereas IP-10 message was slightly decreased in 2 days culture. Moreover, messages for IL-12 (p40) showed similar kinetics for Mig. The levels of Mig and IP-10 mRNA during the course of infection with BCG were not readily changed in lungs, livers, and spleens from BCG-infected mice. Although there was no obvious changes of Mig and IP-10 messages in the target organs during infection process, we found that the infection progressed over the first 3 wk before being contained by the emerging immune response suggested from detectable amount of IFN-${\gamma}$ mRNA around this time. In view of selectivity of chemokines Mig and IP-10 for activated T cells, these data suggest that chemokine Mig and IP-10, especially in collaboration with IL-12 and IFN-${\gamma}$, may playa role as T cell recruiters in immune response against mycobacterial infection.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2013

본 연구는 식용버섯, 특히 능이버섯이 면역조절기능제로서의 가치 여부를 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 본 연구를 위해 능이버섯 및 잎새버섯, 표고버섯이 사용되었다. 버섯 추출물을 투여한 생쥐의 혈장내 IgG1 및 IgG2a 수준을 측정하였고, 비장 단일 세포군을 이용하여 T 림프구 및 B 림프구의 in vitro 활성화 결과 생성된 $IFN{\gamma}$와 IL-4 수준을 각각 분석하였다. 실험 결과 능이버섯 추출물 500 mg/kg BW 투여군과 잎새버섯 추출물 500 mg/kg BW을 투여한 군에서 각각 $IFN{\gamma}$/IL-4의 비가 다른 군에 비해 높은 경향을 보였다. 또한 혈장 내 IgG2a/IgG1의 비가 능이버섯 추출물 투여군의 경우에 다른 군보다 높았다. 이는 능이버섯이 항암작용 및 항바이러스 작용과 같은 type-1 반응을 촉진할 가능성이 있으며, 그 효과가 이미 입증된 표고버섯이나 잎새버섯과 비교하여 식용버섯으로써 면역조절 기능 강화 측면에서 우수한 버섯이라 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.515-520
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• 2011

본 연구는 식용버섯들의 면역조절기능제로서의 가치 여부를 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 본 연구를 위해 민자주방망이버섯, 먹물버섯, 표고버섯, 새송이버섯이 사용되었다. 버섯을 투여한 생쥐의 혈장 내 IgG1, IgG2a 수준을 측정하였고, 비장 단일 세포군을 이용하여 T 림프구 및 B 림프구 in vitro 활성화 결과 생성된 IFN-${\gamma}$와 IL-4, IgG1과 IgG2a 수준을 각각 분석하였다. 실험 결과 표고버섯 1 mg/체중 kg을 투여한 군에서 IFN${\gamma}$/IL-4의 비가 다른 군에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 또한 혈장 내 IgG2a/IgG1의 비가 표고버섯의 경우에 다른 군보다 높았다. 아울러 TNF${\alpha}$의 생성 역시 표고버섯 1 mg/체중 kg을 투여한 군에서 다른 군보다 높았다. 이는 표고버섯이 항암작용, 항바이러스 작용과 같은 type-1 반응을 촉진할 가능성이 있음을 예측케 해주는 결과라 생각된다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2005

A cDNA encoding ${\gamma}-tocopherol$ methyltransferase (${\gamma}-TMT$) from Arabidopsis thaliana was overexpressed in lettuce (Latuca sativa L.) to improve the tocopherol composition. Seven lines of lettuce ($T_0$) containing the ${\gamma}-TMT$ transgene were produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The inheritance and expression of the transgene were confirmed by DNA and RNA gel blot analyses as well as quantification of tocopherols and ${\gamma}-TMT$ activities. The ratio of ${\alpha}-/{\gamma}-tocopherol$ content (TR) varied from 0.6 to 1.2 in non-transformed plants, while the $T_0$ plants had ratios of 0.8 to 320. The ratio ranged from 0.4 to 544 in 41 $T_1$ progenies of the $T_0$ transgenic line gTM3, and the phenotypic segregation indicated monogenic inheritance of the transgene (i.e., 3:1 = dominant:wild-type classes). There was a tight relationship between the TR phenotype and ${\gamma}-TMT$ activity, and enzyme activities were affected by the copy number and transcript levels of the transgene. The TR phenotype was stably expressed in $T_2$ progenies of $T_1$ plants. The results from this study indicated that a stable inheritance and expression of Arabidopsis ${\gamma}-TMT$ transgene in lettuce results in a higher enzyme activity and the conversion of the ${\gamma}-tocopherol$ pool to ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ in transgenic lettuce.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 2004년도 요약집 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.268.2-268.2
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• 2004

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 2002년도 춘계공동학술발표회요약집
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• pp.271.2-271
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• 2002

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.419-422
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• 2009

개의 림프종을 분자유전자학적으로 진단하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 12개의 염색 및 고정된 도말 표본으로부터 DNA를 추출한 후, 임파육종에 특이적인 재배열된 항원 수용체 유전자를 중합효소연쇄반응으로 증폭시켰다. 그 결과 6개의 type-B 림프종에서 type-B 세포의 림프종에 특이적인 IgH (immunoglobulin H) 주유전자(major gene)와 type-B 림프종의 부유전자(minor gene)가 증폭되었다. 또한, 3개의 type-T 세포의 림프종의 경우에도 이에 특이적인 $TCR{\gamma}$ 유전자가 증폭되었다. 한편, 에를리키아증에 이환된 표본은 $TCR{\gamma}$ 유전자가 위양성으로 증폭되었지만, 활성화된 림프절 샘플의 경우에는 어떤 유전자의 재배열도 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서 림프종의 진단에 있어서 혈액 또는 조직 도말 표본의 DNA를 이용하여 재배열된 항원 수용체 유전자의 검출을 시도한다면, 특이적이고 객관적으로 림프종을 감별진단 할 수 있을 것이며, 나아가 회고적 분석에도 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제47권8호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 무분극 GaN층에서 관찰되는 성장축의 방향성에 따른 전기적 비등방성에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구를 위해 $\gamma$-plane 사파이어 기판 상에 유기화학기상증착법 (Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition)을 이용하여 600 nm 두께의 ${\alpha}$-plane n-type GaN층을 성장시킨 후, Ti/Al/Ni/Au (20 nm/ 150 nm/ 30 nm/ 100 nm) 오믹 전극을 증착하여 transfer length method (TLM)로 접촉저항을 측정하였다. 그 결과, ${\alpha}$-plane GaN층이 갖는 축의 방향성에 의한 접촉저항이 차이는 없는 것을 확인하였고, 면저항 측정 시에는 m-축 방향에 비해 c-축 방향에서 발생하는 면저항 값이 약 25%~75% 정도 크게 발생하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 전기적 특성의 비등방성은 c-축 성장방향에 대해 수직방향을 갖는 기저적층결함 (basal stacking faults)의 생성으로 인한 전자들의 거동 저하에 의한 것으로 사료된다.