• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2009

Computer programming language learning has an educational effect on improving the high level abilities such as a logical thinking ability and a problem solving ability as well as on understanding a computer working process through the process of programming and debugging tasks. In this study, the Flow Theory is applied for the students to have inner learning motive and continue their learning in the programming language learning. For this, we developed teaching-learning strategies applied by Flow elements, and designed to the WBI. We also applied to the actual teaching-learning field designed WBI and verified the effects on the changes in the learner's Flow level and academic achievement. The result of verification, WBI learning applied by Flow Theory is effective on improving Flow level, making the students have the learning goal and spirit of challenging, forming feedbacks. Also Flow experiences have effect on improving academic achievement(programming ability) through the positive effects on the results of the learning.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.241-252
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• 2000

Twenty-two water samples(fifteen groundwater and seven geothermal water samples) were collected to elucidate chemical characteristics of the ground and geothermal waters in the Haeundae hot spring area and its vicinity. Major and honor elements were analyzed for ground and geothermal water samples. The concentrations of $K^+$, Na+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $SO_4^{2-}$, $Cl^-$, ^F^-$ and $SiO_2$ were higher in the geothermal water samples than the groundwater samples except $HCO_3^- and Mg^{2+}$ ions. Based on the contents of Fe, Zn, Cu, Al, Mn and Pb, some of the ground and geothermal water samples are contaminated by anthropogenic sources. The ground waters shown on the Piper diagram belong to $Ca-HCO_3$ type, while the geothermal waters Na-Cl type. The graphs of $Cl^-$ versus $Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}, Mg^{2+}, K^+, SO_4^{2-} and HCO_3^-$ indicate that the groundwater is related partly with mineral-water reaction and partly with anthropogenic contamination, while the geothermal water is related with saline water. On the phase stability diagram, groundwater and thermal water mostly fall in the field of stability of kaolinite. This indicates that the ground and geothermal waters proceed with forming kaolinite. Factor and correlation analyses were carried out to simplify the physicochemical data into grouping some factors and to find interaction between them. Based on the Na-K, Na-K-Ca and Na-K-Ca-Mg geothermometers and silica geothermometers, the geothermal reservoir is estimated to have equilibrium temperature between 125${$\mid$circ}C$ and 160${$\mid$circ}C$.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.427-436
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• 2010

In this study this author made research and analysis on physical status and characteristics of community parks in Ik-san provinces and also depending on its potential resources such parks were classified into constructed parks and unconstructed parks and status of use of such parks and level of satisfaction were studied. Through this paper this author strived to provide basic data required for forming green track of land for the parks. Required time for visiting community parks either constructed or unconstructed type was within 40 minutes or less. However constructed parks appeared to be more convenient for access in comparison with natural unconstructed parks. Mostly they were used by residents in neighboring community and also residents in the area around it were found as using it frequently. At the time of using community parks either constructed or unconstructed types means of access were mostly by walking or by riding bicycles. Thus considering large number of users of such parks are from neighboring community it appeared that parks with its simplicity and convenience in terms of distance and with rich nature were preferred by users rather than large scale parks at distance. In terms of time frame of use and motivation of visit constructed parks were used mainly for exercise and relaxation in the morning at parks and its facilities whereas un constructed parks were mostly used in the afternoon for for walking and chatting and rest under with time to spare at shadows of its trees. Time spent at parks were composed mostly of rest and walking more frequently than exercise and leisure activity thus it was different from motivation for visiting parks. As for evaluation of use of parks natural elements, unique environment, trees and lawns featured highly in unconstructed parks in comparison with constructed parks. Thus it seemed visitors are more conscious of forest and landscape in a form of unchanged nature. Thus for community parks first consideration should be heightening accessibility in view of primary concern for convenience by users rather than facilities or environmental conditions.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.82-89
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• 2004

Today, people are bombarded with information, high-technology and multimedia. With that in mind, museum can no longer attract visitor with traditional concept, so it must find some solution or stimulation to attract their attention back. New museum is becoming a experimental space for new culture, new education, and most of all a place to fulfill one's satisfaction of life. Over the past centuries, Guggenheim Foundation has done a great job in providing place for art and place to get emotional stimulation. Out of all of their museums, Frank L. Wright's Solomon R. Guggenheim in New York and frank O. Gehry's Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao had most unique character yet share similar feature to be recognized as the architectural landmark of the 20th & 21st century Although there are close to 50 years of gap between two museums, their unique, attractive, site-specific, emotional value comes from the two most innovative architect of the past and present century. For Wright the Guggenheim was his last project but it had one of the greatest impact on his career and for Gehry the museum gave him confidence that anything is possible. This study will focus on the spatial organization as well as the architectural formation of both museum to compare and analyze. The goal of the research is to give fundamental data which will reveal emotional elements as well as concepts from each work. The content of this research will mainly focused on their architectural philosophy and it will reveal their concept on human emotion as well as the characteristics of the spatial organization. The result of the study will be a valuable reference for people designing art & cultural facilities in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.25-38
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• 2003

The main problems of disordered and congested urban landscape are due to the lack of holistic management that can control various elements of forming a city. Especially, the color of urban landscape is problematic because it is related to individual and social characteristics as well as to physical characteristics. Therefore, temporary expedients that can solve only visualized problems can not be a proper solution for color problems of urban landscape. This study originated from the question about why the color of disordered and congested urban landscape has not been improved. This study aims at directly improving the urban environmental color by finding out what the actual problems related to color are, and what the solutions would be. The goal of this study is to find a holistic systematic problem-solving method. Problems of urban environmental color are identified from both literature review and questionnaires to the expert group, such as environmental planning, design group, and the landscape executive group. Through mapping of relationships among these problems, the intellectual map was made to layout the structures of problems. Based on this method, the structures of problems of urban environmental color were classified into 5 categories: 1) the items related to the administrative structure, 2) the items related to the color management goal and system, 3) the items related to the color planning and design phase, 4) the items related to the color consulting committee, and 5) the items related to the present state of color use. Thus, in order to solve the color problem in urban landscape, practical strategy is strongly required. It is not a temporary expedient but a holistic approach. The solution for the problems of urban environmental color could be divided into 6 types; ‘regulations amendment’,‘color standard amendment’,‘color management plan’,‘color education’, and ‘advertisement for the goal of color management’. Regulations amendment among these types was proposed as the most effective method due to the close relationship with problem categories. Thus, as the solution for the problems of urban environmental color, the ‘color management system’ was suggested. Detailed contents the suggested color management system were divided into three parts; 1) legislation by regulations, ordinance and acts, 2) management by controling the level of guidelines, and 3) the standards for execution of this system.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.54-62
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• 1998

In this study, the behaviorof ion nitriding of AISI 304 stainless steel was investigated using plasma ion nitriding system. The characteristics of ion nitriding, and their micsoctrucyures, and physical properties were investigated as a function of process parmeteds. important conclusions can be summarzied as follows. Firstly, it was found that growth of nitride layer in ion nitriding are mainly affected by N2 partial pressures and nitriding temperatures for AISI 304 stainless steel. The $N_2$<\TEX> partial pressure plays on important role in ion nitriding since it determiness the incoming flux of nitrogen species onto specimen surface. Nitriding thmprrature is also important besauseit determines the diffusion rates of nitrogen through nitride layers. While both parameters affects the characteristics rateding are controlled by nitridingen diffusion nitration profiles of N and alloying elements such as Cr and Ni are observed through niride layers. Secondly, nitride layer consists of the upper white laywe having various nitride phases and the underneath diffusion layers. The thickness of white layer increases with $N_2$<\TEX> partial pressures and nitriding temperatures. The thinkness of diffusion layer is increasting nitriding temperatures. Finally, nitriding of stainless steels steel show slighly low their corrsionce prorerties. However, passivation properties, which is normally observed in stainless steels, were still observed aftre ion nitriding.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.1C
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• pp.72-80
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• 2003

This paper proposed the method of finding optimal weight vectors for enhancing the performance of an adaptive array antenna system by adopting a novel beam-forming algorithm in CDMA (code division multiple access) channel. This algorithm is a liberalized power method, based on power method, with the total computational load, O(4N). Where, N denotes the number of antenna elements. The performance of the proposed algorithm is shown in terms of SER (symbol error rates), allowable capacity, and the convergence characteristic in IS2000 1X CDMA channel. As a result of simulations, the adaptive way antenna system allows 6-10 times more users than the conventional one in a cell of a base station. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm shows superior performance to the conventional one regarding symbol error rates, converging characteristics, and computational load.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.128-144
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to define the origin of name 'Watteau gown' which is controversial by analyzing a Watteau gown, represented in the paintings by Jean Antoine Watteau, an artist in the Rococo era, and clarify the shape and composition of a Watteau pleats which characterizes the Watteau gown and the morphological characteristic of the silhouette of the Watteau gown. Theoretical review and empirical research was simultaneously conducted. The theoretical review considered social backgrounds from late 17th century to early 18th century when Watteau actively worked and a background of forming the style of Fete galante. The empirical research was conducted by sampling 106 pieces of costume from Watteau's 65 paintings collected and classifying according to morphological shapes and composition. Based on this result, it is suggested that the Watteau gown was very prevalent as women's costume early in the 18th century. The Watteau gown, robe volante, robe battante, sack gown and robe a la Francaise were developed and modified from one gown which started from the same source in some connection. This study has significant meaning that it defines the origin of Watteau gown and Watteau pleats found in women's costume in the Rococo era. Furthermore this study will contribute to the practical use of costume elements of 18th century which are beautiful and artistic in aesthetics as the source of contemporary fashion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.207-207
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• 2012

Si quantum dot (QD) imbedded in a $SiO_2$ matrix is a promising material for the next generation optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells and light emission diodes (LEDs). However, low conductivity of the Si quantum dot layer is a great hindrance for the performance of the Si QD-based optoelectronic devices. The effective doping of the Si QDs by semiconducting elements is one of the most important factors for the improvement of conductivity. High dielectric constant of the matrix material $SiO_2$ is an additional source of the low conductivity. Active doping of B was observed in nanometer silicon layers confined in $SiO_2$ layers by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) depth profiling analysis and confirmed by Hall effect measurements. The uniformly distributed boron atoms in the B-doped silicon layers of $[SiO_2(8nm)/B-doped\;Si(10nm)]_5$ films turned out to be segregated into the $Si/SiO_2$ interfaces and the Si bulk, forming a distinct bimodal distribution by annealing at high temperature. B atoms in the Si layers were found to preferentially substitute inactive three-fold Si atoms in the grain boundaries and then substitute the four-fold Si atoms to achieve electrically active doping. As a result, active doping of B is initiated at high doping concentrations above $1.1{\times}10^{20}atoms/cm^3$ and high active doping of $3{\times}10^{20}atoms/cm^3$ could be achieved. The active doping in ultra-thin Si layers were implemented to silicon quantum dots (QDs) to realize a Si QD solar cell. A high energy conversion efficiency of 13.4% was realized from a p-type Si QD solar cell with B concentration of $4{\times}1^{20}atoms/cm^3$. We will present the diffusion behaviors of the various dopants in silicon nanostructures and the performance of the Si quantum dot solar cell with the optimized structures.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.237-242
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• 2012

We report on the NO gas sensing properties of Al-doped zinc oxide-carbon nanotube (ZnO-CNT) wire-like layered composites fabricated by coaxially coating Al-doped ZnO thin films on randomly oriented single-walled carbon nanotubes. We were able to wrap thin ZnO layers around the CNTs using the pulsed laser deposition method, forming wire-like nanostructures of ZnO-CNT. Microstructural observations revealed an ultrathin wire-like structure with a diameter of several tens of nm. Gas sensors based on ZnO-CNT wire-like layered composites were found to exhibit a novel sensing capability that originated from the genuine characteristics of the composites. Specifically, it was observed by measured gas sensing characteristics that the gas sensors based on ZnO-CNT layered composites showed a very high sensitivity of above 1,500% for NO gas in dry air at an optimal operating temperature of $200^{\circ}C$; the sensors also showed a low NO gas detection limit at a sub-ppm level in dry air. The enhanced gas sensing properties of the ZnO-CNT wire-like layered composites are ascribed to a catalytic effect of Al elements on the surface reaction and an increase in the effective surface reaction area of the active ZnO layer due to the coating of CNT templates with a higher surface-to-volume ratio structure. These results suggest that ZnO-CNT composites made of ultrathin Al-doped ZnO layers uniformly coated around carbon nanotubes can be promising materials for use in practical high-performance NO gas sensors.