• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.82 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1993

This study was conducted to provide a fundamental information for a income raise of agricultural and mountain villagers and a policy planning by analyzing 145 chestnut producing farms in Korea. The results of this study are as follows : 1. Though the proportion of forest by-products in farm household economy was very slight, it is very important for agricultural and mountain villagers who have relatively lower income level to become a valuable income source. 2. As chestnut cultivating orchards have very small-scale that account for 50.0% of 0.5 to 1.0 hectares and 40.3% of 1.0 to 3.0 hectares reaching 90.3% of total farmers, the small-scale ownership makes the normality and rationalization of management difficult, and therefore the economity of scale has to be accomplished. 3. The difficulties on chestnut cultivating management were in order of the following ; Labour-power shortage(38.5%), desease and pest demage(24.8%), economity(15.2%), management(11.7%), inferiority of site condition(5.9%), technical acquirement(3.8%). 4. In the matter of storaging facilities, 87.6% of total surveyed farmers were recognizing the need of storaging facilities, but only 12.4 of surveyed farmers were possessing these facilities, and therefore the measurement has to be considered such as the forest associations invests to cold storaging facilities unable to privately invest, in order to increase a receiving price of producers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.3
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• pp.263-271
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• 2009

This study aims to identify negotiation alternatives related to Post-2012 reducing emissions from deforestation (RED) and enhancement of forest carbon stock (EFCS) activities. It also aims to recommend a negotiation strategy considering environmental integrity and national interest on the basis of estimating reduction potentials of each alternative on the assumption that tradable carbon credits play an important role as positive incentives. In order to estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction potentials and income potential from RED and EFCS activities, 99 countries were selected by the Global Forest Resources Assessment of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. A 'baseline and credit' method was applied to estimate RED activities. Gross-net and net-net methods were applied for EFCS activities. According to the results, Brazil, Indonesia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo have more potential to get positive incentives through RED, while China, Chile, and the Republic of Korea have more potential to get positive incentives through EFCS. This study suggests including both RED and EFCS activities in the boundary of policy approaches and endowment of positive incentives to consider GHG reduction potentials in the global scale and equity among developing countries. Making a discount rate application of forest management activities can be also recommended to factor out the effects of human-induced activities by EFCS activities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.4
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• pp.461-472
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• 2022

Natural and anthropogenic factors cause forest types to continuously change. Since the ratio of forest area by forest type is important information for identifying the characteristics of national forest resources, an accurate understanding of the prospect of forest type change is required. The study aim was to use National Forest Inventory (NFI) time-series data to understand the characteristics of forest type change and to estimate future prospects of nationwide forest type change. We used forest type change information from the fifth and seventh NFI datasets, climate, topography, forest stand, and disturbance variables related to forest type change to analyze trends and characteristics of forest type change. The results showed that the forests in Korea are changing in the direction of decreasing coniferous forests and increasing mixed and broadleaf forests. The forest sites that were changing from coniferous to mixed forests or from mixed to broadleaf forests were mainly located in wet topographic environments and climatic conditions. The forest type changes occurred more frequently in sites with high disturbance potential (high temperature, young or sparse forest stands, and non-forest areas). We used a climate change scenario (RCP 8.5) to establish a forest type change model (SVM) to predict future changes. During the 40-year period from 2015 to 2055, the SVM predicted that coniferous forests will decrease from 38.1% to 28.5%, broadleaf forests will increase from 34.2% to 38.8%, and mixed forests will increase from 27.7% to 32.7%. These results can be used as basic data for establishing future forest management strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.154-171
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• 2010

This study was performed to show criteria of a National Ecological Network (NEN) for South Korea and it was a part of a study of ecological network for broad areas on national land showed by Ministry of Environment of Korea. After 1970s, many european countries presented methods and criteria not on individual protected area but on networking among many habitats. The PEEN (Pan European Ecological Network) and NATURA 2000 are results of those. In South Korea, concepts and mapping metheods of ecological network was studied but those were not applied to the whole national land because the equality and local specialities were not reflected. So, in this study, we presented the criteria composed of forest, river, wildlife and coastal evaluation items in conservation ecology and showed the mapping method which can applied to the national land. After the evaluation on land area which composed of forest, river and wildlife axis. Core areas were $30,616km^2$, buffer zone were $21,870km^2$ and each accounted for 31% and 22% of the national land. Except for Taebaeck-Gangwon region, whole region's core areas were accounted for 20~30% of it and buffer zone were accounted for 20~25% of it, so these can be applied to the national land with equality and local specialities. Forest axis and river axis were clearly linear and connected, but the wildlife axis was dispersed in point form. Therefore, to apply the NEN, a detailed habitat map is important and the interconnected implementation of forest, river, wildlife, and coastal axis is required.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.133-143
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to verify the mediating effect of depression on the effect of forest recreation satisfaction on psychological well-being of customers using forest recreation resources and provide basic data for improving psychological well-being. As for the analysis data, a survey was conducted on 450 customers using forest recreation resources, and the final 355 people were selected as subjects of the survey after removing non-response and insincere responses from 377 copies collected. For analysis, the SPSS WIN 23.0 and Amos 21.0 programs were used, and the mediating effect of depression was verified through descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and structural model of major variables. The study results showed, first, that forest recreation satisfaction had a negative(-) effect on depression. Second, depression was found to have a negative(-) effect on psychological well-being. Third, depression had a complete mediating effect in the relationship between forest recreation satisfaction and psychological well-being. Based on these results, it is meaningful in that programs and practical and policy suggestions were made to improve psychological well-being.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.104-113
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• 2008

Due to the increasing needs of land supply, green space has been continuously encroached and resulted considerable naturality deterioration in Korea. In order to overcome the problem, it is necessary to introduce a integrated system for managing the quantitative and qualitative aspects of green space. With this regard, this study is to derive the feasibility for the adoption of the 'no net loss of green' policy to Korea from German and Japanese experiences. In Germany, natural resources are protected and inevitable damages were compensated through the adoption of 'interference regulation'. In Japanese case, future green space and artificial green foundation should be specified on the green basic plan which pursuit the improvement of naturality. In order to introduce the 'no net loss of green' policy to Korea, not only awareness raising on integrated green management system but also amendment of related regulations are needed. In detail, restoration and recovery on the damaged nature should be clearly elucidated and indicators to evaluate the current naturality and calculation methods for the restoration should be developed. Should this integrated green management system introduced, deterioration of naturality by development activities could be minimized thorough the adoption of land development permission criteria and green space management methodologies.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2022

The Yezo sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) is a subspecies of sika deer originated from Hokkaido, Japan. This paper is a study on the ecological impact caused by large mammals invading the ecosystem. Two pairs of deer were donated to the Agency for Defense Development in Taean in the late 1980s, and the population expanded to over 280 in 2018. The thermal imaging camera showed that the population ranged from 8 to 53 herds, divided into approximately 10 groups. It was confirmed that some of the herds had escaped the management area and invaded the nearby natural ecosystem, causing damage to cultivated land and natural vegetation. Herds of over 50 individuals have been studied in large grassland areas near drinking water sources such as streams and ponds. In places with excessive deer concentration, 1) feeding damage to herbs, shrubs and sub-trees, 2) tree withering due to antler-rubbing, and their habit of migrating along forest edges 3) excessive soil loss on slopes, 4) destruction of herbaceous layers due to compaction, and finally 5) damage to infrastructure were also investigated. As such, it is expected that the results of this study on the ecological and economic damage of Yezo sika deer can be used to predict the impact of other exotic sika deer in South Korea with similar behavioral characteristics and to establish a management plan.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2021

In this study, the main influencing factors of the occurrence of cyanobacteria at each of the eight Multifunctional weirs were derived using a random forest, and a categorical prediction model based on a Algal bloom warning system was developed. As a result of examining the importance of variables in the random forest, it was found that the upstream points were directly affected by weir operation during the occurrence of cyanobacteria. This means that cyanobacteria can be managed through efficient security management. DO and E.C were indicated as major influencers in midstream. The midstream section is a section where large-scale industrial complexes such as Gumi and Gimcheon are concentrated as well as the emissions of basic environmental facilities have a great influence. During the period of heatwave and drought, E.C increases along with the discharge of environmental facilities discharged from the basin, which promotes the outbreak of cyanobacteria. Those monitoring sites located in the middle and lower streams are areas that are most affected by heat waves and droughts, and therefore require preemptive management in preparation for the outbreak of cyanobacteria caused by drought in summer. Through this study, the characteristics of cyanobacteria at each point were analyzed. It can provide basic data for policy decision-making for customized cyanobacteria management.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.95-112
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• 2021

This study analyzed the effects of healing agriculture program types on program satisfaction by using functional image and emotional image of the program as mediators for the participants of healing agriculture program. The sub-variables of the healing agriculture program were classified into horticultural healing, animal healing, food healing, and forest healing. 328 questionnaires collected from the participants of healing agriculture program in the whole country were used for empirical analysis, which used SPSS v22.0 and PROCESS macro v3.4 to analyze the parallel multiple mediation model. First, Among the types of healing agriculture programs, animal healing, food healing, and forest healing had a positive (+) effect on functional image. Second, all types of healing agriculture program had a positive (+) effect on emotional image. Third, both functional and emotional images had a significant positive effect on satisfaction. Fourth, among the types of healing agriculture program, horticultural healing, animal healing, and forest healing had a significant effect on satisfaction, while food healing did not maintain the significant effect on satisfaction. Fifth, functional image mediated between healing agriculture program and satisfaction. Sixth, emotional image mediated between healing agriculture program type and satisfaction. In the next study, it is necessary to study for the adjustment of mediators other than the mediators introduced in this study or the controlled mediated analysis through the conditional process model in which the moderator variable is introduced.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.355-379
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• 2007

With the effectuation of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) and Kyoto Protocol in 2005, ever growing concern on the importance of overseas forestation is diffusing worldwide. However, fierce international competition to secure overseas forestation sites, inherent uncertainty in UNFCCC or overseas forestation projects, and imbalances among policies on overseas natural resources development make it difficult to realize Korean long-term overseas forestation objective to secure 1 million ha by 2050. In view of necessity of overseas forestation projects for sustainable forest management and securing sinks of carbon to mitigate climate change, various efforts to reform current Korean overseas forestation systems are required. This study suggests several alternatives to improve current Korean overseas forestation systems including expanding financial support for overseas forestation projects, cultivating overseas forestation experts, establishing official organization for overseas forestation, constructing effective support system for overseas forestation projects, fostering international cooperation in the field of forest resources, and so on. Many theoretical, empirical or policy-oriented studies on the influences of UNFCCC and countermeasures on it in various Korean industries should follow this study.