• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.175-182
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• 1998

Any classification process using SAR images presupposes the reduction of multiplicative speckle noise, since the variations caused by speckle make it extremely difficult to distinguish between neighboring classes within the feature space. Therefore, several adaptive filter algorithms have been developed in order to distinguish between them. These algorithms aim at the preservation of edges and single scattering peaks, and smooths homogeneous areas as much as possible. This task is rendered more difficult by the multiplicative nature of the speckle noise the signal variation depends on the signal itself. In this paper, LEE(Lee 1908) and R-LEE(Lee 1981) filters using local statistics, local mean and variance, are applied to RADARSAT SAR images. Also, a new method of speckle filtering, EPOS(Edge Preserving Optimal Speckle)(Hagg & Sties 1994) filter based on the statistical properties of speckle noise is described and applied. And then, the results of filtering SAR images with LEE, R-LEE and EPOS filters are compared with mean and median filters.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.698-706
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• 2003

The primary goal of surface approximation is to reduce the degree of deviation of the simplified surface from the original surface. However it is difficult to define the metric that can measure the amount of deviation quantitatively. Many of the existing studies analogize it by using the change of the scalar quantity before and after simplification. This approach makes a lot of sense in the point that the local surfaces with small scalar are relatively less important since they make a low impact on the adjacent areas and thus can be removed from the current surface. However using scalar value alone there can exist many cases that cannot compute the degree of geometric importance of local surface. Especially the perceptual geometric features providing important clues to understand an object, in our observation, are generally constructed with small scalar value. This means that the distinguishing features can be removed in the earlier stage of the simplification process. In this paper, to resolve this problem, we present various factors and their combination as the metric for calculating the deviation error by introducing the orientation of local surfaces. Experimental results indicate that the surface orientation has an important influence on measuring deviation error and the proposed combined error metric works well retaining the relatively high curvature regions on the object's surface constructed with various and complex curvatures.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.98-103
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• 2007

We made a oriental herbal medicine storage system and studied a preservation characteristic of oriental herbal medicine in this research. The lamp(OZ-Lamp) in a storage system is the low pressure ultraviolet lamp which radiates the sterilizing and ozonic rays. We made research ozone generation and electric discharge characteristic of a oriental herbal medicine storage system, which have radiation feature of ultraviolet rays of a short wavelength to be happened in the electric discharge. Also, we made research an ingredient and quality characteristic of oriental herbal medicine according to ozone treatment storage.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.157-172
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• 2002

This work aims to collect a biogeographic informations on the biota, alpine ecosystem, nature reserves, forest ecosystem of North Korea, and also to accumulate a basic data on the current situation and problem of the natural ecosystem of North Korea for the preparation of future cooperation and exchange between South and North Koreas. The obtained findings are as follow. First, North Korean biota contains 18,013 species, and consists of 6,710 plant species, including 3,860 species of vascular plants. Secondly, urgent investigation on the biogeographically important arctic-alpine and alpine plants and ecosystem, those are known to be endangered due to environmental change and global warming, is required. Thirdly, the conservations of diverse nature in North Korea are conducted by the introduction of various systems, such as nature preservation region, reserves for plant, animal and sea bird, and natural monuments. Fourthly, out of 9.5 million hectares of forest, one million hectares have already faced forest denudation, thus caused lots of damages for forest ecosystem. Sharp decline of North Korean forest land are due mainly to the expansion of terraced dry-field farming and deforestation. Recovery of denudated forest land should be approached by both South and North Korean sides to solve the problem of shortage of foods and restoration of natural ecosystem of North Korea.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.28
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• pp.105-119
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• 2007

Restoration of earthenware is largely composed of selection of clay, making(forming), and firing. This study lays emphasis on the making method and open-air firing. For making methods, This study used coiling method partly with priority given to ring method. The most significant feature of this restoration work is the making method of tap-forming, in which 외박자(out tap instrument) and 내박자(inter tap instrument) would be tapped and formed. For firing, This study used open-air firing method in the most primitive way. This method needs no special device and equipment and makes the work more simple and easy. The previous study was on the making method by archeological and preservation-scientific research but this study emphasized the restoration work in an actual earthenware maker's position. Through the result of this study, This study wish this would be an opportunity to present another model of various restoration methods for other researchers those who wanted to participate in the restoration and openair firing.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.32
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• pp.127-176
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• 2012

Metadata is well recognized as one of the foundational factors in archiving and long-term preservation of digital resources. There are several metadata standards for records management, archives and preservation, e.g. ISAD(G), EAD, AGRkMs, PREMIS, and OAIS. Consideration is important in selecting appropriate metadata standards in order to design metadata schema that meet the requirements of a particular archival system. Interoperability of metadata with other systems should be considered in schema design. In our previous research, we have presented a feature analysis of metadata standards by identifying the primary resource lifecycle stages where each standard is applied. We have clarified that any single metadata standard cannot cover the whole records lifecycle for archiving and preservation. Through this feature analysis, we analyzed the features of metadata in the whole records lifecycle, and we clarified the relationships between the metadata standards and the stages of the lifecycle. In the previous study, more detailed analysis was left for future study. This paper proposes to analyze the metadata schemas from the viewpoint of tasks performed in the lifecycle. Metadata schemas are primarily defined to describe properties of a resource in accordance with the purposes of description, e.g. finding aids, records management, preservation and so forth. In other words, the metadata standards are resource- and purpose-centric, and the resource lifecycle is not explicitly reflected in the standards. There are no systematic methods for mapping between different metadata standards in accordance with the lifecycle. This paper proposes a method for mapping between metadata standards based on the tasks contained in the resource lifecycle. We first propose a Task Model to clarify tasks applied to resources in each stage of the lifecycle. This model is created as a task-centric model to identify features of metadata standards and to create mappings among elements of those standards. It is important to categorize the elements in order to limit the semantic scope of mapping among elements and decrease the number of combinations of elements for mapping. This paper proposes to use 5W1H (Who, What, Why, When, Where, How) model to categorize the elements. 5W1H categories are generally used for describing events, e.g. news articles. As performing a task on a resource causes an event and metadata elements are used in the event, we consider that the 5W1H categories are adequate to categorize the elements. By using these categories, we determine the features of every element of metadata standards which are AGLS, AGRkMS, PREMIS, EAD, OAIS and an attribute set extracted from DPC decision flow. Then, we perform the element mapping between the standards, and find the relationships between the standards. In this study, we defined a set of terms for each of 5W1H categories, which typically appear in the definition of an element, and used those terms to categorize the elements. For example, if the definition of an element includes the terms such as person and organization that mean a subject which contribute to create, modify a resource the element is categorized into the Who category. A single element can be categorized into one or more 5W1H categories. Thus, we categorized every element of the metadata standards using the 5W1H model, and then, we carried out mapping among the elements in each category. We conclude that the Task Model provides a new viewpoint for metadata schemas and is useful to help us understand the features of metadata standards for records management and archives. The 5W1H model, which is defined based on the Task Model, provides us a core set of categories to semantically classify metadata elements from the viewpoint of an event caused by a task.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.236-243
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• 2016

It was a case study to use as a basic data for efficient the preservation and management of subalpine coniferous forest in national parks. It is based on inhabitation condition of 210 individuals of Abies koreana Wilson that was found through local investigation in the sub-alpine zone of Jirisan National Park and Songnisan National Park. It analyzed the effect of the geographical location and topographical features, which are the basics of location environment, on the growth of A. koreana. The variables related to the growth of A. koreana are tree height and diameter at breast height. Topographical features include geographical longitude, altitude above sea level, slope of the mountains, aspect that describes the direction in which a slope faces and topographical wetness index. Topographical features were extracted through GIS spatial analysis. It used canonical correlation analysis to estimate whether the two variables groups have related to each other and how much they are related, if any, and estimated the effect of the geographical and topographical features on the growth structure of A. koreana using multiple regression analysis. The tree height and diameter at breast height that represent the growth structure of A. koreana show greater relation to geographical latitude distribution than topographical feature and the geographical and topographical factors show greater relation to diameter at breast height than tree height. The growth structure's variable and geographical and topographical variable of A. koreana have meaningful relation and the result shows that geographical and topographical variables explain 18.1% of the growth structure. The variables that affect the diameter at breast height of A. koreana are geographical latitude, topographical wetness index, aspect and altitude, which are put in order of statistical significance. The higher the latitude is, the smaller the diameter at breast height. Depending on the topographical feature, it becomes bigger. The variable that affects the tree height is topographical wetness index, which was the only meaningful variable. Overall, the tree height and diameter at breast height that are related to the growth structure of A. koreana are affected by geographical and topographical feature. It showed that the geographical feature affected it the most. Especially the effect of water among the topographical features is expected to be bigger than the other topographical factors. Based on the result, it is expected that geographical and topographical feature is an important factor for the growth structure of A. koreana. Even though it considered only the geographical and topographical features and used spatial analysis data produced by GIS, the research results will be useful for investigating and researching the growth environment of coniferous forest inhabiting in sub-alpine zone of national parks and are expected to be used as basic data for establishing measures to efficiently manage and preserve evergreen needleaf tree such as A. koreana.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.159-166
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• 2004

The beach, a margin between the sea and the land, is an extremely dynamic zone, for it is here that the motion of the sea interacts with the sediment, rock of the land or the artificial barriers. In order to prohibit or retard erosions due to the extreme Typhoon or storm induced waves, man has constructed these of temporary or more permanent nature, but they caused problems of other erosions from the secondary effect of them and a bad influence on the seascape. In considering the energy available to accelerate sediment transport and erosion in the surf zone, where the waves are broken, and offshore beyond the breaker line, the wave height and the wave period should be taken account. Hence, we tried to present an applicability of the submerged artificial Bio-reefs analyzing waves by a numerical model such that they could reduce the wave power without the secondary effect and restoration of marine ecologies. A new technique of beach preservation is by artificial reefs with artificial and/or natural kelps or sea plants. By engineering the geometry of the nearshore reef, the wave attenuation ability of the feature can be optimized Higher, wider and longer reefs provide the greatest barrier against wave energy but material volumes, navigation hazards, placement methods and other factors require engineering considerations for the overall design of the nearshore reefs.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.341-348
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• 2010

After excavation work of relics, historical site which has historically meaningful, are preserved using the various methods. There are three method in the relocation methods that are original relocation method, the remaining structure-peel method, and soil peel method. The original relocation method is restored after relocating in historical site such as residential site, iron foundry site, kiln site, old mound. The remaining structure-peel method are restored only the feature of exposed remaining structure using polymeric resin, when it is difficult to relocate the entire remaining structure. And soil-peel method is exhibited after peeling in case when soil layers such as grave of old mound, foundation of building site, sedimentary deposit layer, shell heap, and etc. Soil-peel method becomes important historical data of changes according to environment at that time, that is, flooding by storm, traces of fire and living features of that time such as heaps of shells discarded after eating shellfish and living wastes. In particular, in case of soil layer for preparing foundation sites of building by compacting in turn soils with different components such as clay soil, rough sand soil and etc, it becomes important data which can judge foundation technology of that time. It can be said to be an important data preservation method for utilizing these historical data as historical data as well as for the purpose of education, exhibitions and public relations which can be shared not only by experts but also by general public. In this paper, we present the reliable definition of soil-peel method in various preservation methods and explain the using polymer in this method. So, we will come up with the accurate index about this method that is used the eminent analysis method for soil layer.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.664-675
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• 2019

This study examined Korean sign Language of the linguistic form and the etymological forms about the origins of the Korean national sign languages. The general sign language has been shown through previous research all of place names from Chinese character except Seoul and Lmsil. And then, Sign language's form and origins which are current using in order to examine what kind of feature were analysed through interviews and publications in Korean association of the deaf people. As a result, it was analysed that was composed majority. indigenous sign language Korean place names were made and used by deaf than loan word character of Chinese characters, Hangul and loanword. When we consider that place names were correspond to a precious cultural heritage, representing the history with the culture and identity of the relevant area, we can worth of preservation and transmission to the abundant iconicity in the name of Sui. On the other hand the indigenous sign language korea place manes can worth deaf culture or korean sign language. Even lf geographical characteristics of area have been changed or local product was disappeared in this situation by The origin of sign language reach in modern time local specialty by geographical form lt continued over generation. This can be regarded as the Korean sign language of the form in the way of visual. lt will be very valuable heritage in the preservation deaf culture.