• 대한가정학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.59-74
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• 2006

As an exploratory inquiry prior to developing a measure to assess Korean families with adolescents' family resilience, this study examined the construct validity of the family resilience measures that were developed in the U. S. Iowa Youth and Families Project(Conger & Elder, 1994): emotional support between spouses, problem solving style between spouses, and parenting behavior. The participants were 277 pairs of middle aged, middle class husbands and wives (554 individuals) who were the parents of first graders in middle schools in the metropolitan areas around Seoul. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported the construct validity, indicating that emotional support, problem solving style, and parenting behavior may be used as measures to assess Korean family resilience. However, further tests of convergent validity using various assessment methods and analytical procedures are needed to ensure the construct validity of family resilience measures.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.615-626
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate caregiver burden and health related quality of life (HRQoL) among male spouses who cared for partners with a stroke. Methods: The subjects were spouses of 121 female patients who visited the neurology outpatients department in one tertiary hospital located in Seoul between February and April in 2011. Results: The mean age of the male caregivers was $71.25{\pm}5.51$ years. The mean score of caregiver's burden was moderate ($63.28{\pm}9.85$). The average reported caregiving time was $58.48{\pm}5.51$ min/day with the male spouses spending more time in house-working than with caregiving activities. The reported depression and care giving time, plus the cognitive status and functional dependencies of the spouse were significantly related to male caregiver's burden. The mean scores of 'physical health' and 'mental health' for quality of life for the male caregivers was moderate (47.49 and 47.33 respectively). Overall, caregiver's burden has a negative effect on the HRQoL of male spouses. Conclusion: Caregiver's burden and HRQoL are important problems which are in need of nurses' attention. It is suggested that intervention programs for male spouses be developed with a focus on emotional and social support as well as education about the caregiving role.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제39권
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• pp.322-349
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• 1999

이 논문의 연구문제는 다음의 세 가지이다. 노인은 서로 다른 가족원 유형으로부터 어떤 종류의 사회적 지지를 받고 있는가? 노인이 가족원으로부터 지지를 받느냐 혹은 받지 못하느냐와 관련된 노인의 개인적 특성, 가족망의 특성은 무엇인가? 어떤 가족원이 제공하는 어떤 종류의 지지가 노인의 정신건강(우울)과 관련성을 가지고 있는가? 이 연구를 위해 가족원 유형으로는 배우자, 아들, 며느리, 딸, 사위, 손자 손녀, 부모, 형제자매가 포함되었으며, 지지의 종류로는 정서적, 활동적, 도구적, 금전적 지지의 4가지가 조사되었다. 서울 경기지역에 거주하는 60세 이상의 노인 208명이 유의 표집되었다. 분석결과, 노인들은 여러 가족원들로부터 다양한 지지를 받고 있었다. 배우자는 정서적 지지를, 아들은 금전적 지지를, 며느리는 도구적, 딸은 정서적, 금전적 지지를 가장 많이 제공하고 있었다. 부모, 형제가 있는 경우에는 정서적 지지를 받는 비율이 높았으며, 그 밖에도 사위, 손주의 지지제공자로서의 가능성이 제시되었다. 노인의 특성과 관계망의 특성 중 여러 요인들이 각 가족원 유형이 제공하는 다양한 지지와 유의한 관련성을 보였는데, 일반적으로 남자보다는 여자가, 나이 적고, 도구적 일상생활동작능력이 좋고, 그 가족원과의 접촉빈도가 높은 노인들이 지지를 받는 경향이 있었다. 그러나 예외적으로 며느리의 지지는 기능이 떨어지는 노인들이 더 많이 제공받고 있었다. 배우자의 지지여부는 노인의 우울정도와 관련이 많았으며, 아들과 며느리의 경우는 지지의 제공 여부보다는 그들의 존재여부에 의해 우울정도가 달라지고 있었다. 노인의 정신건강을 위해 다양한 지지적 활동을 강화해 줄 수 있는 실천적 방안들이 요구되고 있다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.375-384
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to identify the amount of social support and quality of life perceived by elderly people in rural areas and to examine the relationship between social support and quality of life in an effort to provide the basic data for effective nursing intervention to enhance quality of life among elderly people. Data were collected from a sample of 220 elderly people aged over 60 from a stratified probability method from one rural area in South Jeolla province from Aug. 15 to Sep. 15, 2002. For data collection, pre-educated researchers visited the participants' homes and surveyed them face-to-face. The statistical analysis was performed using the SAS program along with t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation. The findings were as follows: 1. The most socially supportive people they answered were Spouses (57.28%), followed by children, friends/neighbors, in descending order. In terms of satisfaction about social support, the subjects felt the most satisfaction from spouses, followed by friends/neighbors, children, in descending order. 2. The participants' perceived social support was 26.0 and the highest score was 108.0 out of 125. Also, the average score and average grade point was 81.7 and 3.35, respectively. A comparison of the average grade points per items within sub-areas of social support revealed financial aid(3.56), informative support(3.34), emotional support (3.27), and evaluation support(3.22). 3. Their perceived social support had statistically significant differences in terms of how much they earned (F=18.56, p= .00001) and whether they had family members living together (F=2.68, p= .0512), quality of life had statistically significant differences in terms of how much they earned (F=35.34, p= 0.00001). 4. The quality of life they perceived was the lowest score 47.0, the highest score 196.0, average score 145.7, and average grade points 3.28. A comparison of the average grade points per items within sub-areas of quality of life revealed neighbor relationships(3.97), self-esteem(3.49), family relationships(3.35), economic conditions 3.12), physical health (2.98), and psychological health(2.74). 5. The relationship between the amount of the subjects' social support and quality of life was significantly correlated (r=.696, p< .001). The findings revealed that social support for elderly people in rural areas was a greatly effective factor on their quality, of life. Also, it was shown that the larger the social support for the elderly, the greater the quality of life for them. Therefore, it is necessary to foster geriatric nurse specialists and develop nursing intervention programs connected with health care and social wellbeing in order to enhance the quality of life of elderly people in rural areas. Also, it is necessary to develop effective models for community and its applications, which will playa leading role for elderly people.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.107-127
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine demographic characteristics, psychological characteristics and patterns of supportive relationships with their children that affect the successful lives of the elderly. A survey was conducted of 410 people aged between 65 and 85, and 405 samples were used for the analysis. First, the supportive relation between the elderly and their children was categorized into four groups depending on the total amount and direction of support. The four groups consisted of the elderly who exchanged little or no support, those who only received support from their children, those who only gave support, and those who both gave and received support. Second, the more the elderly exchanged support and gave emotional support to their children, the better the chance that the elderly would lead a successful life in later years. Third, subjective health conditions most significantly affected the successful lives of the elderly who exchanged little or no support. The level of education was most significant for the elderly who only received support. The level of housing satisfaction mostly affected the elderly who only gave support. Mutual support primarily affected the elderly who both gave and received. Thus, we should provide health programs for the elderly who exchange little or no support to encourage a healthier lifestyle. In addition, opportunities for continuing education should be provided for the elderly who only receive support to make up any deficiency in education. Because spouses are mostly affected for those elderly who exchange little or no support and the elderly who only receive support, we should provide educational programs about how to be better lifetime companions to each other and also provide medical and in-home care for the remaining spouse even after the other partner is gone. Because housing satisfaction greatly affects the elderly who only give support, improvements in the residential environment are essential. Since the level of mutual support is crucial to the elderly who both give and receive support, programs on the development of human resources are needed for the elderly to interact dynamically and intimately with their children.

• 한국노년학
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.291-307
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 농촌지역 거주 노인 254명을 대상으로 배우자, 자녀 및 손자녀까지 포함하여 이들 각각의 관계망을 사회관계망의 분석 변수를 적용하여 첫째, 농촌노인의 가족관계망 특성을 가족관계망 형태, 상호작용 빈도, 상호작용 내용으로 구분하여 살펴보았으며 둘째, 가족관계망 특성에 따라 가족관계망의 형태를 유형화 하고 이에 따른 농촌노인들이 느끼는 주관적인 생활만족도에 어떠한 차이가 있는지, 농촌노인의 생활만족도에 영향을 미치는 주된 변인은 무엇인지를 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 첫째, 비동거 자녀와의 전화연락이나 대면접촉 정도가 높고 긴밀하게 이루어지고 있는 것으로 나타났으며 배우자와 자녀 및 손자녀의 지지에 대한 기대정도를 살펴본 결과, 모든 대상에게서 농촌노인들이 가장 높은 지지의 기대를 드러낸 것은 '정서적'인 지지였다. 둘째, 가족관계망의 유형화를 시도한 결과, '관계소원형', '자녀-손자녀중심형', '가족의존형', '부부중심형'의 네 가지 상이한 가족관계망 유형이 나타났고 이중 '부부중심형'의 생활만족도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 농촌노인의 생활만족도에 영향을 미치는 주된 변인은 성별, 건강상태, 경제상태, 학력, 배우자의 정서적 지지, 손자녀와의 대면접촉 정도로 나타났다. 셋째, 연구결과를 바탕으로 농촌노인의 생활만족도를 높이기 위한 사회복지 정책적, 제도적인 차원의 노력을 뒷받침하기위한 몇 가지 제언을 제시하였으며 아울러 본 연구가 갖는 한계점도 밝혀두었다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.384-395
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• 2000

This study examined burdens of primary family caregivers, and family functioning of patients with cancer. In addition, the relationship between two concepts was assessed to develop nursing intervention to reduce the burdens of caregiving, and to improve family functioning. Ninety-two primary family caregivers of patients with cancer at a general hospital in Seoul participated in this study. The patients with cancer aged from 19 to 84 years with a mean age of 51 years, and sixty-one percent were male. About 30 percent of the patients suffered liver and billiary tract cancer. Fifty-six percent of the primary family caregivers were spouses of the patients and 70.7 percent were women. Primary family caregivers' burdens were assessed by the Burden Scale originally developed by Zarit (1980) and Novak & Guest(1989) and modified by Jang (1995) for use in Korea. The instrument consists of six subscales: time-dependent burden, developmental burden, physical burden, emotional burden, social burden, and financial burden. Family functioning was assessed by the Family APGAR developed by Smilkstein(1978). The results were as follows: 1. The average burden score was 86.1, indicating a moderate level of burden. The time-dependent burden scored highest followed by developmental, physical, social, financial, and emotional burdens. The mean score of family APGAR was 9.71; among subjects 82.6% were included in dysfunctional families. 2. Of the characteristics of patients, age, gender, number of admissions, and job were found to be associated with the level of burden. There was no significant difference between patient characteristics and family functioning. Of the characteristics of primary family caregivers, caregiver's perception of patient prognosis was significantly related to the level of burden, and family functioning. Caregiver's sex and age were also related to family functioning. The quality of relationship between a patient and a caregiver was significant situational factors affecting the level of burden, and family functioning. In addition, the income of family, and help from other family members were related to the level of burden. Given the results, it is essential to develop nursing intervention to reduce burden and to improve family functioning, such as support groups.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.253-274
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• 2008

본 연구는 맞벌이 부부들의 일과 가족생활의 상호작용을 이해하는데 중요한 개념인 전이(spillover)와 교차전이(crossover)에 초점을 맞추어 직장에서 경험한 감정과 퇴근 후 가정에서의 감정 간의 관계의 분석을 통해 이들의 경험을 이해하고자 하였다. 시카고 대학의 Sloan Working Families Study의 연구대상자들을 자료로 경험표집법(Experience Sampling Method)으로 이들의 일상을 탐구하였고 t-검증으로 분석하였다. 분석결과, 긍정적인 감정의 전이는 남녀 모두에게서 발견하였고, 아내의 부정적인 경험이 남편으로 전이하였다. 본 연구에서 발견된 긍정적인 감정의 전이현상은 사회사업 실천가나 연구자가 맞벌이 부부를 연구할 때 일과 가정생활 간의 전이, 교차전이 현상을 일상의 세부적인 요인들을 고려하여 심도있게 관찰, 연구해야 할 필요성이 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국노년학
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.811-835
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• 2018

노년기의 사회적 관계와 인지기능은 상호 밀접한 관계가 존재한다. 사회적 관계(social relation)는 구조적 특성과 이에 대한 인지적 정서적 평가를 반영하는 질적 특성으로 구분되며, 최근 노년기의 사회적 관계와 관련하여 사회적 고립(social isolation) 개념이 부각되고 있다. 사회적 고립은 사회연결망, 가구형태, 사회참여 등 객관적 차원과 지각된 사회적 지지에 대한 결핍과 외로움 등 주관적 차원으로 구분되는 다차원적인 이론적 구조를 가진다. 노년기 대인관계갈등 역시 인지기능과 밀접한 관계가 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 사회적 관계의 구조적 특성을 나타내는 객관적 사회적 고립과, 질적 특성을 나타내는 주관적 사회적 고립, 대인관계갈등이 노년기 연령집단별 인지기능에 미치는 주효과와 상호작용효과를 검증하였다. 분석자료는 KSHAP 1차조사부터 3차조사까지 총 1,740명의 패널자료를 활용하여, 무선효과 패널로짓모형을 적용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 노년기 연령증가에 따라 인지기능 저하는 급격하게 증가하는 경향성이 나타났다. 객관적 주관적 사회적 고립은 모두 80세를 변곡점으로 U자형의 분포가 나타났다. 아울러 배우자, 자녀 친척, 이웃 친구 노년기 연령증가에 따라 대체적으로 감소하는 분포가 나타났다. 둘째, 인지기능저하에 대한 주효과는 객관적 주관적 사회적 고립과 정적으로 유의미하게 나타난 반면, 대인관계갈등 유형은 유의미하게 나타나지 않았다. 셋째, 노년기 인지기능저하에 영향을 미치는 이원상호작용효과 분석결과, 주관적 사회적 고립과 인지기능저하와의 관계는 배우자와의 갈등수준별로 유의미하게 다른 것으로 나타났다. 또한 주관적 사회적 고립을 많이 느낄수록 연소노인(65~74세)에 비해 초고령노인(85세 이상)의 경우 인지기능저하가 급격하게 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과에 기초하여 노년기 연령집단별 인지기능 저하를 감소시키기 위한 정책적 실천적 시사점을 제시하였으며, 연구의 한계점과 추후연구를 위한 제언에 대해 논의하였다.