• Title/Summary/Keyword: eleutheroside B, E and $E_1$

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Quantitative Analysis of Lignans in the Fruits of Acanthopanax Species by HPLC

  • Kim, Hye-Min;Kim, Ju-Sun;Lee, Sang-Hyun;Lee, Sung-Jin;Lee, Gung-Pyo;Kang, Sam-Sik;Cho, Seon-Haeng;Cheoi, Dae-Sung
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • v.15 no.5
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    • pp.778-780
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    • 2006
  • High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the analysis of the lignans eleutheroside B and eleutheroside E in the fruits of Acanthopanax species. A reverse-phase system using a gradient of $H_2O$ and acetonitrile as the mobile phase was developed and detection was at 210 nm. The analysis was successfully carried out within 20 min. The content of eleutheroside B and eleutheroside E in Acanthopanax species was measured in the fruits of A. senticosus (0.58 and $1.66\;{\mu}g/mg$, respectively), A. sessiliflorus (1.15 and $8.49\;{\mu}g/mg$, respectively), A. koreanum (2.16 and $1.80\;{\mu}g/mg$, respectively), and A. divaricatus (1.06 and $7.08\;{\mu}g/mg$, respectively).

Immunomodulatory Effect of Eleutherococcus Senticosus Stem Extract by Cultivars in RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells (RAW 264.7 대식세포에서 산지별 가시오가피 줄기 추출물의 면역 증강 효과)

  • Ye-Eun Choi;Jung-Mo Yang;Chae-Won Jeong;Hee-Won Yoo;Hyun-Duck Jo;Ju-Hyun Cho
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.44-53
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    • 2024
  • Global interest in natural functional materials to strengthen human immunity is increasing due to the increase in immune-related diseases associated with COVID-19 and the aging population. In this study, we determined the potential therapeutic effect of Eleutherococcus senticosus stems on immune enhancement according to the cultivation region. The contents of eleutheroside B and E, which are chemical components of E. senticosus stems, were analyzed. We showed that the eleutheroside B content of E. senticosus stems in different cultivation regions ranged from 2.96±0.11 to 6.24±0.05 mg/g and from 1.11±0.05 to 2.11±0.03 mg/g in 70% ethanol and hot water extracts, respectively. The eleutheroside E content ranged from 4.93±0.20 to 10.79±0.03 mg/g and 1.75±0.14 to 3.64±0.05 mg/g in 70% ethanol and hot water extracts, respectively. In addition, the immunomodulatory effect of E. senticosus stems was evaluated using RAW 264.7 macrophages. The 70% ethanol extract of E. senticosus stems showed no cytotoxicity up to 200 ㎍/mL, and the hot water extract showed no cytotoxicity up to 500 ㎍/mL. Additionally, the E. senticosus stem extract significantly increased the production of nitric oxide and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) compared to their production in the control group. These results suggest that E. senticosus stem extracts are a potential functional food material and ingredient to enhance the immune response.

Effect of Nitrogen on Eleutheroside production and Adventitious Root Growth in Eleutherococcus koreanum Nakai Bioreactor Cultures (생물반응기를 이용한 섬오갈피나무의 부정근 배양시 질소농도 및 NH4+와 NO3- 비율이 부정근의 생육과 eleutherosides 함량에 미치는 영향)

  • Ahn, Jin-Kwon;Lee, Wi-Young;Park, Eung-Jun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.98 no.4
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    • pp.363-369
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    • 2009
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effect of ${NO_3}^-$ and ${NH_4}^+$ on the adventitious root growth and eleuthroside synthesis of Eleutherococcus koreanum in 5 L-bioreactor culture. The change in the medium components was also measured during culture. The fresh weignt of adventitious root reached to the highest level of 30.8 g FW/L in the presence of both 50 mM ${NO_3}^-$ and 10 mM $NH_4^+$, representing 3.6-fold increase compared to the 60 mM ${NH_4}^+$ alone. However, as the increase of the portion of ${NH_4}^+$, the root growth was decreased. However, the maximum eleutheroside B, E and E1 contents were $57.3{\mu}g/g$ DW, $188.4{\mu}g/g$ DW and $47.3{\mu}g/g$ DW, with 30 mM, 60 mM and 15 mM total nitrogen source, respectively. Fresh weight of adventitious root increased up to 6.8-fold of inoculum size within 9 weeks. The amounts of ${NH_4}^+$, $K^+$, ${NO_3}^-$ and ${PO_4}^-$ were decreased during culture periods. Based on these results, we suggest that various further studies are required to increase the biomass and the useful secondary metabilites.

Changes in the Contents of Phenolic Components in the Stem of Acanthopanax koreanum Depending on Extracting Batches (섬오가피의 추출 조건에 따른 페놀성 성분 함량 변화)

  • Kim, Sung Gi;Lee, Jae Bum;Cho, Soon Hyun;Ko, Sung Kwon
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.50 no.2
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    • pp.124-132
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    • 2019
  • This study compared the contents of phenolic components depending on the extracting conditions of Acanthopanax koreanum stem to provide basic information for developing Acanthopanax koreanum-based functional foods. Our findings show that the content of total phenolic component peaked at 16 hours of extraction (WAK-16, 7.22%) and when water extracted at $100^{\circ}C$. However, 11-hours water extraction (WAK-11) showed highest eleutheroside B concentration of 1.32%, a main component of A. koreanum, and the level of chlorogenic acid concentration was the highest when 1-hour water extraction (WAK-1) was conducted, being 2.12%. Moreover, highest concentration of eleutheroside E was observed in 16-hours water extraction (WAK-16) as 1.49%. With 60-hours water extraction (WAK-60), the content of syringaresinol, an active phenolic aglycon substance, concentration was the highest with the value of 0.10%. Isofraxidin showed the highest concentration of water extract(0.09%) for 20 hours (WAK-20) and 0.42% for sinapyl alcohol[16 hours (WAK-16)].

The Comparison of Phytochemical Components from the Berry of Acanthopanax Species (오가피속 식물 열매의 식물화학 성분 비교)

  • An, Hye Jung;Nam, Yun Min;Yang, Byung Wook;Park, Jong Dae;Yook, Chang Soo;Kim, Hyoung Chun;Ko, Sung Kwon
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.48 no.1
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    • pp.5-9
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    • 2017
  • This study was carried out to obtain the basic information that can be used to index Acanthopanax in eleven species of China and Korea. The phytochemical components from the berry of Acanthopanax species, were measured by the HPLC analysis. Protocatechuic acid, eleutheroside B, eleutheroside E, scopolin, rutin, hyperoside, chiisanoside, oleanolic acid were found in ethanol extracts from the berry of Acanthopanax species. Total phenolic compound of Acanthopanax sessiliflorum f. chungbuensis berry (0.682%) was about seven times higher than those of Acanthopanax divaricatus f. distigmatis berry (0.091%). As a result, the order of the eleutheroside E content was 1) Acanthopanax sessiliflorum f. chungbuensis (0.554%), 2) A. divaricatus var. albeofructus (0.501%), 3) A. divaricatus f. flavi-flos (0.452%). And also, the order of the chiisanoside content was 1) Acanthopanax senticosus var. subinermis (8.434%), 2) A. seoulense (0.94%), 3) A. divaricatus f. flavi-flos (0.798%).

Functional Properties of 50% Methanol Extracts from Different Parts of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus (오가피 부위별 50% 메탄올 추출액의 기능적 특성)

  • Choi, Jae-Myoung;Ahn, Jun-Bae
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.373-377
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    • 2012
  • This study was carried out in order to investigate the functional properties of 50% methanol extracts from four parts (root, stem, leaf and fruit) of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus by means of measuring the contents of eleutheroside B, E, and total polyphenols as well as determining electron donating ability (EDA), nitrite scavenging ability (NSA), and anticancer activity. The highest contents of eleutheroside B and E were found in the fruit (538.99 ${\mu}g/g$) and the stem (556.00 ${\mu}g/g$). The root extract demonstrated the highest polyphenol content (2.97 mg/g). EDA of the stem and root extracts were 90.21% and 85.71%. All of the extracts showed 81.5-93.0% of NSA at pH 1.2. In addition all extracts indicated no cytotoxicity to normal cell line (DC2.4). The root extract had a 23% inhibitory effect against the stomach cancer cell line (SNU-719). These results revealed that 50% methanol extracts from A. sessiliflorus can be used as a potential resource of nutraceuticals.

Effect of NO3- and NH4+ Concentrations on Root Growth and Eleutherosides Accumulation in adventitious root Culture of Eleutherococcus senticosus (가시오갈피의 부정근 배양시 부정근의 생육과 eleutheroside류의 함량에 미치는 NO3-와 NH4+ 비율 및 농도의 영향)

  • Ahn, Jin-Kwon;Lee, Wi-Young;Park, Young-Ki
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.96 no.1
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    • pp.48-53
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    • 2007
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effect of $NO_3{^-}$ and $NH_4{^+}$ on the adventitious root growth and eleuthroside synthesis of Eleutherococcus senticosus during 3 L-bioreactor culture. The change of medium component ratio was also measured during culture. The fresh weignt of adventitious root reached to the greatest level of 24.4g FW/L in the presence of 50 mM $NO_3{^-}$ and 10 mM $NH_4{^+}$, representing 3.4-fold increase compared to the 60 mM $NH_4{^+}$. However, as the increase of the portion of $NH_4{^+}$, the root growth was decreased. Maximum eleutheroside B and E1 production were $249{\mu}g/g$ and $43{\mu}g/g$, respectively, with 30 mM total nitrogen source. The maximum production of eleutheroside E were $788{\mu}g/g$ with 120 mM total nitrogen source. The greatest weight of adventitious root increased up to 6.2 fold of inoculum size within 9 weeks. The change of pH was influenced from 4.81 to 6.35 and the amounts of $NH_4{^+}$ and $K^+$ were decreased during culture periods. From these results we suggest, need further study of various treatment to increase the growth of biomass and the accumulation of useful secondary metabilites.

Effects of LED on Growth, Morphogenesis and Eleutheroside Contents of in vitro Cultured Plantlets of Eleutherococcus senticosus Maxim (가시오갈피 기내 식물체의 생장, 형태형성 및 eleutheroside 함량에 미치는 발광다이오드의 효과)

  • Jeong, Jae-Hun;Kim, Young-Seon;Moon, Heung-Kyu;Hwang, Sung-Jin;Choi, Yong-Eui
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.39-45
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    • 2009
  • The effects of red, blue, and far-red light by illumination of light emitting diodes (LEDs) on growth, morphogenesis and eleutheroside contents of in vitro plantlets of Eleutherococcus senticosus were examined. As a control, plantlets were grown under a broad spectrum white fluorescent lamp (16/8 h illumination). The length of plantlets grown under the red/blue LEDs was taller than those under fluorescent lamps. Leaf area, root length and fresh weight of plantlets were highest under blue light compared to other kinds of light sources. Chlorophyll contents in plantlets grown under fluorescent lamps were higher than those in plantlets grown under LED illumination. Production of eleuthroside B and E in plantlets was highest under blue LED. However, production of eleuthroside E1 was highest under fluorescent lamps. These results suggest that plant growth and eleuthroside accumulation can be controlled by wave length of light under LED illumination system.

Studies on the Constituents of Acanthopanax koreanum

  • Chung, Bo-Sup;Kim, Young-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.62-66
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    • 1986
  • Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai (Araliaceae) is a indigenous medicinal plant growing throughout Jeju-Do in Korea. The plant extract is used in rheumatism, tonic, paralysis and sedative agent. From the roots of A. koreanum, lignan compounds, a diterpenoid, and a polyacetylene compound were isolated and their structures were elucidated by using IR, PMR, CMR and MS spectral data.

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Validation of Simultaneous Analysis Method of Standard Compounds in Fermented Kalopanax pictus Nakai by Bioconversion (생물전환을 통한 음나무발효물의 지표성분 설정 및 동시분석법 검증)

  • Jang, Won Hui;Lee, Wha Young;Lee, Bong Jin;Kim, Jean Man;Park, Seon Ju
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.148-154
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    • 2019
  • The aim of this study was to select compounds for the standardization of fermented Kalopanax pictus Nakai (KP-F), to develop the analysis method using HPLC-PDA and to perform method validation. KP-F is a fermented powder developed to improve the original physiological activities and create a new functionality. Eleutheroside E, Acanthoside B, and Syringaresinol were selected as the standard compounds and developed our own method for simultaneous analysis. The analyte was isolated using C18 column with a gradient elution of 0.05 M phosphoric acid in water and methanol as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and detected at 210 nm. As a result, all standard compounds showed good linearity with an $R^2$ (coefficient of correlation) of 1.000 and for the limit of detection range of $0.710{\sim}0.831{\mu}g/mL$, and the limit of quantification as $2.150{\sim}2.520{\mu}g/mL$. The precision was RSD (%) of less than 4.80%, while the accuracy was 4.70%>RSD (%) for the range 102.44~110.48%. In conclusion, the developed analysis method is suitable for the detection of Eleutheroside E, Acanthoside B, and Syringaresinol in KP-F.