• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.53-66
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to find out the characteristics of the communal shared housing preferred by the housing vulnerable single-person household young adults and adults. It also intended to identify overall characteristics of the young adults and adults and compare and analyze the differences. Method: The the questionnaire using face-to-face interview was conducted. The research subjects were 100 housing vulnerable single-person household young adults and adults, who were living in Gosiwon, Jjokbang, detached houses below the minimum housing standards, multiplex housing units and multi-household houses in Seoul. The research was conducted on the general characteristics, housing environmental characteristics, preferred characteristics of space planning and non-physical elements on the communal shared housing, and the collected data was analyzed using the SPSS statistical package. Result: Out of 15 categories on the communal shared housing, there were common preferences to 6 categories and differences in 7 categories between young adults and adults. At a time with the need for customized housing welfare by life cycle, these research findings are expected to provide basic data to realize customized housing welfare for the housing vulnerable and develop appropriate housing alternatives.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.465-474
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• 2016

Since Gyungan stream is included in the protected zone of the water supply source of the Metropolitan area in Korea, the water quality needs to be continuously managed. Therefore, a measure is required that can inhibit the flow of water pollutant into the water body and facilitate the ecological restoration of riparian vegetation. A field survey was conducted on the hydrological characteristics of the landscape elements established on the downstream catchment of the Gyungan stream, the result of which showed that the paddy field and urbanized area can be regarded as point pollution sources. The upland field can be regarded as a non-point pollution source. In order to improve the water quality in the Paldang lake, we first recommended creating a riparian vegetation belt. We also suggested introducing a treatment wetland and an artificial plant island to places in which the creation of a riparian vegetation belt is not ensured. We recommend creating a treatment wetland equipped with diverse functional groups. For creating the plant island, we recommend Zizania latifolia and Typha orientalis, which showed the highest productivity among aquatic plants. The former could be introduced around the outlet of a paddy field and the estuary of tributaries, while the latter could be introduced to a water body directly sourced from mountainous land.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2009

Effects of salinity and standard toxic metals on fertilization and embryo development rates were investigated in the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. Spawning was induced by injecting $1{\sim}2$ mL of 0.5 M KCl into the coelomic cavity. Males released white or cream-colored sperms and females released yellow or orange-colored eggs. The fertilization rate was below 30% when salinity was 20 psu and lower, but was almost above 90% when salinity was 25 psu and higher. The embryo development rate was below 60% when salinity was 25 psu and lower, but was above 80% when salinity was between 30 and 35 psu. The fertilization and embryo development rates in the control condition(not including Cu and Cd) were greater than 90%, but decreased a high negative correlation with the increasing of Cu(r=-0.80, r=-0.78) and Cd(r=-0.90, r=-0.82) concentrations, respectively. The fertilization and embryo development rates were significantly inhibited in the addition of Cu($EC_{50}$=17.30 ppb, $EC_{50}$=10.32 ppb) and Cd($EC_{50}$=364.57 ppb, $EC_{50}$=244.04 ppb), respectively. These results suggest that salinity concentrations for successful fertilization and normal embryogenesis of H. pulcherrimus are above 25 psu and 30 psu, respectively, and the biological assays of fertilization and embryo development rates using H. pulcherrimus are useful methods for the ecological toxicity test of marine pollution elements.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.299-304
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• 2020

본고는 영국의 미술, 건축, 사회개혁, 자연 환경의 보존 등 사회의 다양한 분야에 깊은 영향력을 남긴 존 러스킨(1819-1900)의 자연 연구의 내용과 그 역사적 의의를 찾고자 한다. 러스킨의 자연 연구는 어느 특정한 학제에 갇히지 않으며 인간, 문화, 사회의 광범위한 맥락을 포착해 내려 한 그의 시도가 지니는 함의를 총체적으로 이해할 수 있게 해주는 열쇠가 될 것이기 때문이다. 러스킨에게 '자연'은 어떤 구성적 규칙들을 생산하며 인간과 비인간 존재의 모든 측면들을 지배하는 '체계'로서 규정된다. 그 체계는 내부에서의 상호작용과 프로세스를 통해 조화의 상태를 이루고자 하는 생태적 속성을 지닌다. 이러한 자연의 유기적 특질은 러스킨의 연구에서 하나의 '은유'로서 작동한다. 그러므로 러스킨의 자연 연구는 그의 광대한 정신세계를 이루는 여러 요소들을 서로 연결하여 통일성을 형성하는 데 필요한 개념적 기초를 이루었다고 말할 수 있다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2002

This research is related to the evaluation of rural amenities. Since the UR negotiations, the wave of market liberalization has brought many difficulties to the rural areas. This paper serves to identify a number of important elements such as socialization, cultural and ecological resources and investigate the viability of rural areas. The purpose of this study is to evaluate rural amenities by evaluation indices and establish planning direction of amenities for rural areas. The data have been collected by methods of a field survey and a questionnaire survey. The evaluation indices have been defined as socialization, safety, amenity and convenience by several researches. Villages have been divided into two groups. Seven(Shimchon, Ibaek, Muan, Dokpyong-li, Imchin-li Hyangyang-li, Wonwol-li) have been newly constructed, six(baeksa, Mokmyon, yongho-li, shindyae-li, hwangdun·songgae) have been redeveloped. There are considerable differences in the degree of satisfaction between he two groups. The results are as follows: 1) socialization is very necessary for amenities in rural villages. Especially the values of the resident's interactions and management of the village are most important in the preparation of an amenity plan in rural areas. So the plans and establishment of public facilities are requisite for the residents community. 2) The convenience of rural public facility plans is necessary for the improvement of the farmers'living conditions. For planning the rural villages, special regards are paid to characteristics of the village, such as the former place of residence and occupations. 3) Newly constructed village should improve their socialization and the redeveloped types should try to get a better life for amenity and safety, The residents of the redeveloped types show relatively high degree of satisfaction with indices of resident community, living convenience facilities, and management of village. On the contrary, amenity and safety are good in newly constructed types. This study has taken into consideration the characteristics of rural villages. It makes a contribution to the redevelopment of rural villages and improves amenities in rural villages. It is recommended that more studies classify the resources of rural areas and measure amenities which are significant to city dwellers in the future.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2010

This study is about Tak Mok theory of feng-shui ideology which was main thought in Choson dynasty or some other thoughts and noble families' thought of garden building : planting trees and properties of the noble families garden. The result from the study of noble family's garden molding is as follows. In the noble family's garden molding, there were considerations of plant ecology known through long experience and the functional aspect of planting tree and esthetic sense of housing circumstances, in addition to feng-shui thought, Taoist thought and the doctrine of the five natural elements of the positive vs. negative. We can learn Choson's noble family's garden included playroom as well as symbolic and incantatory meaning. Also in the thought of noble family's garden molding we can found proper element for modern housing plan such as an ecological peculiarity or functional aspect of dwelling circumstance. And we can also found they didn't show a rejection symptoms against nature but enclosed with straight form which was traditional trait, and each space of it is composed organically. Also we knew they selected a diverse and refined technique with it's decorating the Choson dynasty playful and meditative space. We found that the key point of the thought of noble family's garden molding were on the basis of Confucianal mood, content amid poverty thought and free technique of it.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.121-133
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the design characteristics of external appearances of Hundertwasser's housing projects through both literature review and field study, and to understand how Hundertwasser's architecture philosophy was embodied in the design of external appearances so such projects. The subjects of the analysis are: Hundertwasser House; In the Meadow Bad Soden; The Forest Spiral Darmstadt; and The Green Citadel Magdeburg. The conclusion of the study is as follows. The fundamental architecture philosophy of Hunderwasser is the close linkage between mankind and nature. He has proven, through his four housing projects mentioned above, that it is possible to build houses without destroying and in harmony with nature. Hundertwasser had identified vitality, irregularity and diversity as being the source of beauty of nature. Using the human creativity, he had embodied such elements into his housing projects, thus suggesting an ideal housing environment whereby humanity is respected. Hundertwasser made use of organic curved line and spiral shapes that exist in nature when designing his housing projects. His creativity was articulated through vitality, diversity, and irregularity in colour schemes and a wide range of form. Indeed, he was an architect pursuing the underlying nature of both human and nature. The current living environment in Korea can be characterized as being standardized and desolate, which is a result of housing projects being focused too much on functionalism. Through its analysis of Hundertwasser's housing projects, one of the objectives of this study is to contribute to a new design paradigm being called for today, including for housing projects to be more ecological and environmental-friendly. By motivating architects and appealing to their clients, this study hopes to motivate those involved in various housing projects to think progressively. Such an attitude change could assist in transforming and thus enhancing the overall living environment in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 1992

To elucidate nutrient cyclings such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in mongolian oak(quercus mongolica) forest, nutrient elements of precipitation, throughfall, outflow, soil, various plant organ and litter were determined at mt.nambyeongsan, pyeongchang-gun, gangwon province in central part of korean peninsula. Annual precipitation input, throughfall and outflow of nutrientswere 10.3, 8.6 and 4.2 kg/ha for the N, 0.11, 0.24 and 0.02 kg/ha for the Pand 1.3, 10.9 and 1.2 kg/ha for the K, respectively. Inseasonal changes of nutrient concentrations, N, P and Kconcentrations which were rich in young leaves decreased steadily until autumn and decreased abruptly during autumnal yellowing. The standing N, P and K concent were 565, 37 and 257 kg/ha for standing phytomass of overstory, 33, 3 and 18 kg/ha for understory, 132, 3.6 and 14 kg/ha for litter on ground including deadwood and 20, 752, 14 and 420 kg/ha for the soil, respectively. The amounts of annual uptake, reture and retain were 174.2, 57.2, 117.2 kg/ha for the N, 9.9, 3.5, 6.4 kg/ha for the P and 73.2, 30.3, 42.9 kg/ha for the K, respectively. Reabsorption efficiency, ratio of the nutrient amount reabsorbed into woody organs to that in the mature leaves before shedding, was 71%(or 99.8 kg/ha in the amount), 69%(or 5.1 kg/ha) and 57%(or 33.1% kg/ha) and recycling coeffciently made with which the large amount of nutrients is absorbed through roots during growing season(UPTAKE) and reasorbed from the leaves before shedding(RETAIN) but the small amount of nutrients is returned through litterfall(RETURN).

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2010

In urban regeneration, resident participation and respect of residents' need have become a major important issue. The purpose of this study is to identify residential area improvement characteristics expected by local residents. Data used for this study were collected from survey which used questionnaire and village image map construction tool kit, developed for facilitating the residents' participation in an actual housing improvement area at Kwngjoo, Korea. The major contents surveyed through questionnaire were first, future images of the area second, directions of improvement third, preferred architectural types such as high or low rise buildings. and a total of 335 data was collected within 4 days during 12-14 December, 2008. The kit was used by parents of students at a local elementary school, and 205 image maps were collected. Content analysis was to analyse characteristics of villages shown in the constructed image maps. Lynch's five elements were utilized to select areas for analysis. As a result, types of buildings desired by residents at the selected four local areas were identified. In general, residents desired their village to be improved with low and mid rise buildings, respecting existing cultural assets. This study showed that there is certain characteristics in relation to the selected areas. Besides, the tool kit used this study showed the effectiveness in collecting opinions from young households in the improvement area within a short time. The tool is expected to be useful in attracting residents and in facilitating participation of wide range of local residents by improving the constraints stemming from time and space.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.245-255
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• 2014

지형경관을 단순한 기호로 사용하여 지도화하면 지형의 형태와 내재된 형성과정에 대한 표현에 한계가 있다. 지형경관 지도화에 대한 문제해결을 위한 대안 중에 하나가 지도를 통해 실제 경관을 상상할 수 있도록 연상기호를 제작하는 방법이다. 본 연구는 지형경관을 효과적으로 표현할 수 있는 지형 연상기호 제작 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 지형은 정태적인 경관이 아니고 토양형성 작용과 지형형성 작용으로 변화하는 대상이다. 지형을 지도화하기 위해 형태, 변화, 그리고 물질이 표현될 수 있도록 기호가 설계가 되어야 하며, 축척에 따라 점/면, 선/면, 점/선의 축척 가변성을 고려하여 지형기호를 제작해야 한다. 본 연구는 지형학적 연구뿐만 아니라 환경, 생태학, 고고학, 토목 분야에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 본다.