Purpose: Bone mineral densitometry test region advised by ISCD (International Society for Clinical Densitometry) is both site in case of femur, whereas our medical center measures left femur except for few extraordinary cases. It is said that right-handers had higher mean femur BMD in the left side than in the right side, but the factor influence the femur BMD is unknown. Thus, we investigate whether testing left femur only is a adequate clinical diagnosis. Materials and Methods: Subjects were 209 right-handers and 20 left-handers patient in Asan Medical Center from July to August, 30 to 70 years of age ($51{\pm}6.7$). Subjects fill out the questionnaire on hand preference and taking regular exercise. Total BMDs of bilateral femur were measured with GE Lunar Prodigy advance densitometer, and the statistical soft ware SPSS 12.0 for windows was used for statistical analysis. Results: In the total sample of the exercise group (n=127), the difference of both femur mean BMDs are $0.001{\pm}0.127\;g/cm^2$ and the non-exercise group's (n=102) both femur difference is $0.002{\pm}0.126\;g/cm^2$, there is no significant difference. And in exercise group, classified according to hand preference, each t-value is shown at right handers (n=114) are 0.65, left handers (n=13) are -0.39. Also, In non-exercise group, right handers (n=95) are -0.78, left handers (n=7) are -0.64. In the 95% confidence limit, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusions: In recently researchs, there have been differences between both femurs according to hand preference. However, Our study have no significant difference both femurs BMDs. Therefore we suggest that BMD measurement of femur has no problem only one side, except for particular case like femur operation.
The Korean Police Force is equipped with the dual responsibility to not only protect the constitutional right to protest, but also prevent potential disorder and misconduct might be caused by the abuse of such a right. To this end, the Korean national police employ the crowd counting methodology, termed 'Maximum Figure at Any One Time' with a view to dispatching the proportionate number of police officers to protest scenes for safety management. However, protest organizers rather take advantage of 'Cumulative Figure' methodology, the purpose of which being to publicize the wide recognition of success, noticeably by demonstrating that as many people as possible support for their cause or voice. Hence, different estimates generated by different methods have raised serious political issues in Korean society. Nevertheless, it is found out that there are only three existing academic studies in Korea regarding crowd counting methods, and they are mainly geared towards comparing the two methods, unfortunately without any attempt to analyze the foreign literature in details. Keeping the research gap in mind, the research conducts a comprehensive review of the foreign literature with relation to protest crowd counting methods. Derived from the review and analysis, the counting methods can be broadly categorized into the three models such as: 1) Grid/Density Model, 2) Moving Crowds Model, and 3) Electronic & Non-Image Model. In the end, the research provides brief explanations regarding specific research findings per each model, and further, suggests some policy implications for the development of more accurate crowd counting methodology at protests in Korea.
This study examines the hazard rate of reemployment by conducting the Cox regression analysis. In addition, two gender groups are subjected to comparative analysis to identify the effect of the factors related to the human capital and human capability perspective on reemployment. For this purpose, 1,871 cases are selected from the 5th year data from Korea Labor and Income Panel Study. The results of study are as follows. First, the factors of human capital, such as education, appropriateness of skill level, and job tenure hold negative impact on the probability of reemployment, while factors of human capability, such as basic learning ability, health insurance, social insurance, residential area(living in the Seoul metropolitan area) hold positive on the probability of reemployment. It is interesting note that there are different sets of factors that affect the probability of reemployment in the two gender groups. This trend is even more apparent in the case of factors that pertain to human capability. The results of this study imply that the factors of human capability, which stress the socio-institutional characteristics, should be considered as comparably significant compared to the factors that pertain to human capital when it comes to the estimation of reemployment. Also, results of this comparative study teach us that various perspectives, such as dual labor market theory and gender-segmented labor market theory, should be factored in for reemployment discussion as well. In conclusion, this research delivers several significant messages since it introduces the concept of human capability perspective, subjected to few empirical analyses in the past, and also heralds the way for comparative analysis on the impact of the factors pertaining to human capability on reemployment.
Statement of problem: An incompatibility between the initiator systems of self-curing composite resins and light-curing adhesives was supposed recently. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of activators for self/dual bonding on dentin shear bonding strengths. Material and methods: Fifty human molars were divided into 5 groups. A flat dentin surface was created for each tooth. A self-curing composite resin (Luxacore) was bonded with the following adhesives (n = 10); One-Step, Prime&Bond NT, AdheSE, Prime&Bond NT and AdheSE were also used in combination with activators. Shear bond strengths were measured after 24 hours of water storage. The specimens were loaded in shear in the Instron until failure at a 1 mm/min crosshead speed. Data were compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test (${\alpha}$= 0.05). Results: The dentin adhesive systems in order of decreasing median bond strength were One-Step > Prime&Bond NT with activator, AdheSE with activator > Prime&Bond NT, AdheSE. Among adhesives, One-Step had the highest bond strength. Prime&Bond NT with activator had higher bond strengths than Prime&Bond NT that was used alone, and so was AdheSE. Conclusion: Shear bond strengths were increased in Prime&Bond NT and AdheSE when these were used with activators comparing used without activators. But using activators was not effective clinically comparing One-Step.
This study investigated associations between calcium intake, exercise behaviors, lumbar bona mineral density (BMD), and bone mineral content (BMC) among 79 premenopausal women (mean age = 41yr). The BMD and BMC of the lumbar spine (L$_2$-L$_4$) were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Nutrient intake was estimated by the convenient method and a quantitative food frequency questionnaire was designed for this study that included the most commonly consumed floods sources of Ca. Participants were asked to identify all activities of exercise they had participated in including estimation of number of years of participation, number of weeks per year, number of times per week, and the number of hours per session. Participants were then categorized into the exercise group or nonexercise group (control). To meet the criteria for inclusion in the exercise group, the subjects participated more than 3 sessions per week and more than 30 minutes per session and the length of the exercise participation was at least more then 6 months. The participants were also grouped by calcium intake. The total calcium intake of all participants was estimated by dietary calcium intake and then the subjects were divided into quartiles to assess the lumbar BMD and BMC of the upper 25% (average calcium intake = 910 mg) and the lower 25% (average calcium intake = 414 mg). Results indicated that there were no significant differences in energy and calcium intake, and that there were no significant differences in lumbar BMD and BMC between participants in exercise group and the nonexercising control group. However, the exercise group had significantly lower ALP concentration than the nonexercise group. The upper 25% calcium intake group had significantly greater lumbar bone mineral density and bone mineral content than the lower 25% calcium intake group. Also the upper 25% calcium intake group had significantly lower ALP concentration than the lower 25% calcium intake group. Correlation analysis revealed that the spinal BMB was positively associated with body weight, while calcium intake was negatively associated with ALP concentration in nonexercising women. However, neither body weight nor dietary calcium intake were associated with both spinal BMD or ALP concentration in exercising women. These results suggest that calcium intake positively influence bone mineral density and bone mineral content in nonexercisulg premenopausal women. Exercise group did not affected by body weight and dietary calcium, but decreased ALP concentration than nonexercising group. Both exercise and calcium intake positively influence bone mineral density and bone mineral content in premenopausal women.
This study was conducted to investigate dietary and other factors affecting bone mineral density in young Korean collage women. Thirty subjects were recruited; the mean age was 22.1 years and the mean age at menarche was 12.6 years. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in the spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), ward's triangle (WT), and femoral trochanter (FT) by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), and physical activity was assessed by a questionnaire. Dietary intake data were obtained 8 times by using a 24 hour recall method to evaluate the subjects' usual diet. Bone mineral densities of lumbar spine, femoral neck, ward's triangle and femoral trochanter were 1.149 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 0.980 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 0.936 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and 0.759 g/$\textrm{cm}^2$ respectively. The met energy intake of subjects was 1,790 kcal, and calcium and iron intakes were found to be inadequate compared to the Korean RDA. The BMD of the lumbar spine was significantly and positively related to the BMI and intake of vitamin C, carbohydrate, potatoes, fruits and plant food. The BMD of the femur (FN, WT, FT) was positively related to the BMI, to carbohydrate and fruit intake, and to the percentage of plant food in total food intake. Multiple recession analysis showed that fruit intake was significantly related to the BMD of the LS. The subjects'ages and fruit intakes were significantly related to the BMD of the femur (FN, WT, FT). These results indicate that higher fruit intakes may have a beneficial effect on bone mineral density.
Kim, Uk-Kyu;Shin, Sang-Hun;Chung, In-Kyo;Kim, Cheol-Hun;Huo, Jun;Yun, Il
Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
/
v.27
no.5
/
pp.403-414
/
2005
The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of the modified distraction osteogenesis (DO) method with the concept of overdistraction and compression stimulation which have been previously suggested by the authors in 2002 and to explore the optimal distraction-compression ratio and appropriate latency period for the compression force application during consolidation. The experimental specimens were assessed with radiography, histologic findings, and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) after the conventional DO method and the modified DO technique had been applied on rat mandibles. Total 60 rats were used for the study. In experimental group of 54 adult rats, mandibular osteotomies between the first and second molar areas were performed and customized external distractors were applied. The surgeries on 6 rats of control group also were done with same osteotomy technique and DO device application. Final amount of distraction was set-up as 2 mm on both groups. But, in a experimental group of 54 rats, distraction osteogenesis with a compression force were performed with the different distraction-compression ratio and variant latency periods for compression. The three ratio-subgroups were made as distraction 4 mm group with compression 2 mm, distraction 3 mm group with compression 1 mm, and distraction 2.5 mm group with compression 0.5 mm. In addition, The three subgroups with 3, 7, 11 days latency period prior compression were allocated on each ratio-subgroups. Total 9 subgroups consisted of 6 rats on each subgroup. In control group of 6 rats, conventional distraction technique were routinely performed. The rats of control groups were sacrificed on postoperative 3, 6 weeks after 2 mm distraction. The rats in the experimental groups also were sacrificed on the same euthanasia days of control groups to compare the wound healing. Final available specimens were 55 rats except 5 due to osteomyelitis, device dislodgement. Distraction-compression combined group on 6 weeks generally had showed increased bone mineral density than the same period group of conventional distraction technique on the DEXA study. More matured lamellar bone state and extended trabecular pattern in the combined group than those of control group were also observed in the histologic findings on 6 weeks. In the distraction-compression combined groups, the bone density of 2.5 mm distraction subgroups with 0.5 mm compression showed the highest value on the DEXA study among various force ratio groups. In the distraction-compression combined groups, the bone density of 3 day latency period subgroups showed the highest value on the DEXA study among various latency period groups for the compression application. From this study, we could deduce that 1/5 force ratio for the compression versus distraction, 3 day latency period prior compression application would be the most effective condition if modified distraction osteogenesis technique might be applicable. The modified DO method with a compression force may improve the quality of bone regenerate and shorten total treatment period in comparison with conventional DO technique clinically.
Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
/
v.32
no.3
/
pp.69-81
/
2014
Herman $F{\ddot{u}}rst\;P{\ddot{u}}ckler-Muskau$ is one of important figures in German landscape architecture who designed both Muskau Park and Branitz Park and published garden book Andeutungen ${\ddot{u}}ber$ Landschaftgartenerei (Hints on Landscape Gardening) in 1834. He was a German nobleman who governed Muskau estates while working as both a writer and a landscape gardener. German landscape gardening was grounded on Romanticism, which was represented in diverse ways such as the reconciliation between man and nature, the liberation of reason, and the pursuit of liberty. The intellectuals came to have an interest on landscape gardening since the garden carried the cultural connotation such as the idealized epitome of nature. This study is to investigate how his idea of landscape gardening had been developed through his personal life and social background and to find out his landscape gardening theory and its unique gardening techniques. Finally, the inventive aspect of his garden theory and contemporary significances in practices were discussed. $P{\ddot{u}}cklers^{\prime}$ personal experience and social background provide us to understand the idea of garden. First, there was a mixture between reality and fantasy in his garden theory. It was due to the influence of Romanticism and literary garden. Second, his gardening mentality and technique were influenced by the late 18th century English garden practices, which emphasized the expressive aspects. Third, $P{\ddot{u}}cklers^{\prime}$ inner disposition and personal experience were represented in his garden design. Fourth, the intention of creating landscape garden for the local people might be a self realization of his contradictory characters between falling nobleman and liberal social leader. The significant value of $P{\ddot{u}}ckler^{\prime}s$ garden idea might be closely related in the dual nature of humanistic garden tradition and garden practice for social agenda. Therefore, his garden idea pursued of the comprehensive landscape strategies toward ideal communities and ethical spirits while concerning ecological, social, economic sustainable development of the region. Furthermore, his landscape gardening aims at the total landscape encompassing garden to region as well as the Gesamtkunst combing the beautiful with the useful. $P{\ddot{u}}ckler^{\prime}s$ holistic attitude gives us fresh insights and new directions to contemporary landscape theory and practice.
Tissue-specific and temporal regulation of milk protein gene expression is advantageous when creating transgenic animal that produces foreign protein into milk. Gene expression, i.e. protein production, is regulated not only by promoter strength but also mRNA stability. Especially, poly A tail length by polyadenylation affects in vivo and in vitro mRNA stability and translation efficiency of the target gene. In the present study, nucleotide sequence of 3'-UTR was analyzed to evaluate the effects of mRNA stability on the target gene expression. Based on the poly A signal of 3' -untranslated region (UTR), nucleotide sequences of putative cytoplasmic polyadenylation elements (CPEs) and downstream elements (DSEs: U-rich, G-rich, GU-rich) were analyzed and used to construct 15 luciferase reporter vectors. Each vector was transfected to HC11 and porcine mammary gland cell (PMGC) and measured for dual luciferase expression levels after 48 hours of incubation. Luciferase expression was significantly higher in construct #6 (with CPE 2, 3 and DSE 1 of exon 9) and #11 (with CPE 2, 3 and DSE 1, 2 and 3 of exon 9) than construct #1 in the PMGC. These results suggest that expression of target genes in PMGC may be effectively expressed by using the construct #6 and #11 on production of transgenic pig.
The renal function is under regulatory influence of the central nervous system, mainly through activation of sympathetic nerve to the kidney, and it was recently reported that clonidine, an agonist to ${\alpha}_2$-adrenoceptors, induces diuresis and natriuresis when injected directly into a lateral ventricle of the rabbit brain (i.c.v.). This study was undertaken, therefore, to obtain further information as to the role of the central ${\alpha}_2$-adrenoceptors in regulating renal function, by observing the effects of i.c.v. yohimbine, a specific antagonist of adrenoceptors of ${\alpha}_2$-type, on the rabbit renal function, and to elucidate the mechanism involved in it. With 10 ${\mu}g/kg$ i.c.v. of yohimbine sodium excretion transiently increased along with increasing tendency of urine flow, renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. These responses decreased with increasing doses. With 100 and 300 ${\mu}g/kg$ i.c.v. marked antidiuresis and antinatriuresis as well as profound decreases of renal perfusion and glomerular filtration were noted. Systemic blood pressure transiently increased. In reserpinized rabbits, 100 ${\mu}g/kg$ yohimbine i.c.v. did not produce any significant changes in urine flow, sodium excretion as well as in renal hemodynamics. The pressor response was also abolished. In preparations in which one kidney was denervated and the other left intact as control, i.c.v. yohimbine elicited typical antidiuretic antinatriuretic response in the innervated control kidney, whereas the denervated experimental kidney responded with marked diuresis and increases in excretory rates of sodium and potassium and in osmolar clearance in spite of absence of increased filtration and perfusion . Systemic blood pressure responded as in the normal rabbits. These observations indicate that i.c.v. yohimbine affects renal function in dual ways in opposite directions, the first being the antidiuretic antinatriuretic effects which results from decreased renal perfusion and glomerular filtration due to sympathetic activation and which is predominantly expressed in the normal rabbits, and the second less apparent effect being the diuretic and natriuretic action which is not mediated by nerve pathway but brought about by some humoral mechanism and which is effected by decreased sodium reabsorption in the tubules, possibly of the proximal portion.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.