• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.219-225
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• 2022

Recently, the popularization of personal mobility(PM) has made it possible to see many electric scooters. The energy source of personal transportation used by the general public and the disabled can be seen as environmentally friendly as electricity. Personal transportation means are divided into small electric vehicles because they use electric energy, and they are being treated as new models by automobile manufacturers in each country and spurring development. On the other hand, personal transportation means may cause various types of traffic accidents as they travel between roads and a human walk. In order to prevent such accidents, it is judged that the enactment of laws on the establishment of specifications for electric scooters, which are personal transportation means, and the method of restricting road operation should be given priority. The electric scooter is basically different from the conventional vehicle. The steering shaft of the steering system applied to the electric scooter one to two is possible. 1 to 2 the front-wheel under the steering column is used. It is classified according to the number of wheel installed at the electric scooter is the vehicle body into 2 wheel - electric scooter, and 3 wheel - electric scooter and 4 wheel - electric scooter. In this study, we propose a steering shaft design model that can be applied to an electric scooter, one of personal transportation means. A design model for 1-shaft steering and 2-shafts steering that can be applied to electric scooters is proposed. In addition, we have produced the prototypes for the commercialization of the proposed models, and reviewed the pros and cons of the manufactured prototypes and models.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.88
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• pp.45-50
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• 2008

It is rapidly increasing number using Hi-pass system passing through tollgate on the high way. However disabled people and man of merit have been excepted existing advantage of discount when they are using Hi-Pass. It is difficult to make a check an advantage when they are in a vehicle for using Hi-pass system technology in present. For solving this problem, we have fabricated virtual Hi-pass system combined fingerprint identification system (FIS) by AVR and fingerprint identification USB. We checked the chance of efficiency and utility in this system for getting a solution of conservative problem. And, it will be also used for entrance ticketing and transferring of cave tourism and so on.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 2014

In this paper, we proposed A Study on Construction of Infrastructure for Handicapped Parking Areas Using RFID. This paper is Construction of the Handicapped Parking Areas infrastructure Using RFID with 900MHz band, and researched the optimal position of the tag attached on the vehicle and the location of RFID reader in order to raise the efficiency of RFID reader and the recognition rate by the handicapped vehicle. The result of research is shown the optimal position of RFID reader establishment when the height of RFID reader is 170cm in height and the angle of $80^{\circ}$ with the ground when the vehicle traveling direction of the antenna and the RFID reader when the surface and the angle of $90^{\circ}$ showed the best position RFID readers installed. Parking spaces for the disabled in accordance with these results the RFID readers installed and it works in conjunction with enforcement camera car tagged crackdown on vehicles and other general management, the system is built to allow handicapped parking spaces that meet the intent of the original purpose being used as expected to contribute significantly.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2559-2566
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• 2014

Recently, safety accident by misstep at the gap between the platform and railway vehicle have frequently occurred to the mobility handicapped including disabled person, children etc. in metropolitan subway region. Particularly, because the curved platform's gap from platform to railway vehicle is max. 260mm it is important to securement of the passenger's safe mobility right. So it is necessary to platform safety step equipment for needs technology to interface gap between the platform and railway vehicle. In this study we examined the function & production requirements of platform safety step and performed the conceptual design considering the crash safety and maintenance easiness. Moreover, considering various performance requirements we suggested step's operation procedure & control flowchart.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.62-73
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• 2013

Objectives: An outbreak of hepatitis A occurred at a residential facility for the disabled in July 10, 2011. This investigation was carried out to develop a response plan, and to find the infection source of the disease. Methods: A field epidemiologist investigated the symptoms, vaccination histories, living environments, and probable infection sources with 51 residents and 31 teachers and staff members. In July 25, 81 subjects were tested for the hepatitis A virus antibody, and specimens of the initial 3 cases and the last case were genetically tested. Results: Three cases occurred July 10 to 14, twelve cases August 3 to 9, and the last case on August 29. Among the teachers and staff, no one was IgM positive (on July 25). The base sequences of the initial 3 and of the last case were identical. The vehicle of the outbreak was believed to be a single person. The initial 3 patients were exposed at the same time and they might have disseminated the infection among the patients who developed symptoms in early August, and the last patient might have, in turn, been infected by the early August cases. Conclusions: The initial source of infection is not clear, but volunteers could freely come into contact with residents, and an infected volunteer might have been the common infection source of the initial patients. Volunteers' washing their hands only after their activity might be the cause of this outbreak. Although there may be other possible causes, it would be reasonable to ask volunteers to wash their hands both before and after their activities.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.85-101
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• 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate smart secondary controls using iPad for the drivers with physical disabilities in the driving simulator. Background: The physically disabled drivers face problems in the operation of secondary control devices that accept a control input from a driver for the purpose of operating the subsystems of a motor vehicle. Many of conventional secondary controls consist of small knobs or switches that physically disabled drivers have difficulties in grasping, pulling or twisting. Therefore, their use while driving might increase distraction and workload because of longer operation time. Method: We examined the operation time of conventional and smart secondary controls, such as hazard warning, turn signal, window, windshield wiper, headlights, automatic transmission and horn. The hardware of smart secondary control system was composed of iPad, wireless router, digital input/output module and relay switch. We used the STISim Drive3 software for driving test, customized Labview and Xcode programs for interface control of smart secondary system. Nine subjects were involved in the study for measuring operation time of secondary controls. Results: When the driver was in the stationary condition, the average operation time of smart secondary devices decreased 32.5% in the normal subjects (p <0.01), 47.4% in the subjects with left hemiplegic disabilities (p <0.01) and 38.8% in the subjects with right hemiplegic disabilities (p <0.01) compared with conventional secondary devices. When the driver was driving for the test in the simulator, the average operation time of smart secondary devices decreased 36.1% in the normal subjects (p <0.01), 41.7% in the subjects with left hemiplegic disabilities (p <0.01) and 34.1% in the subjects with right hemiplegic disabilities (p <0.01) compared with conventional secondary devices. Conclusion: The smart secondary devices using iPad for people with hemiplegic disabilities showed significant reduction of operation time compared with conventional secondary controls. Application: This study can be used to design secondary controls for adaptive vehicles and to improve the quality of life of the people with disabilities.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.11-27
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate high technology adaptive driving controls, such as mini steering wheel-lever system and joystick system, for the people with physical disabilities in the driving simulator. Background: The drivers with severe physical disabilities have problems in operation of the motor vehicle because of reduced muscle strength and limited range of motion. Therefore, if the remote control system with driver-by-wire technology is used for adaptive driving controls for people with physical limitations, the disabled people can improve their quality of life by driving a motor vehicle. Method: We developed the remotely controlled driving simulator with drive-by-wire technology, e.g., mini steering wheel-lever system and joystick system, in order to evaluate driving performance in a safe environment for people with severe physical disabilities. STISim Drive 3 software was used for driving test and the customized Labview program was used in order to control the servomotors and the adaptive driving devices. Thirty subjects participated in the study to evaluate driving performance associated with three different driving controls: conventional driving control, mini steering wheel-lever controls and joystick controls. We analyzed the driving performance in three different courses: straight lane course for acceleration and braking performance, a curved course for steering performance, and intersections for coupled performance. Results: The mini steering wheel-lever system and joystick system developed in this study showed no significant statistical difference (p>0.05) compared to the conventional driving system in the acceleration performance (specified speed travel time, average speed when passing on the right), steering performance (lane departure at the slow curved road, high-speed curved road and the intersection), and braking performance (brake reaction time). However, conventional driving system showed significant statistical difference (p<0.05) compared to the mini steering wheel-lever system or joystick system in the heading angle of the vehicle at the completion point of intersection and the passing speed of the vehicle at left turning. Characteristics of the subjects were found to give a significant effect (p<0.05) on the driving performance, except for the braking reaction time (p>0.05). The subjects with physical disabilities showed a tendency of relatively slow acceleration (p<0.05) at the straight lane course and intersection. The steering performance and braking performance were confirmed that there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) according to the characteristics of the subjects. Conclusion: The driving performance with mini steering wheel-lever system and joystick control system showed no significant statistical difference compared to conventional system in the driving simulator. Application: This study can be used to design primary controls with driver-by-wire technology for adaptive vehicle and to improve their community mobility for people with severe physical disabilities.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.29-39
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• 2020

Some drivers cannot meet the standards for a full driver's license and many countries allow them to drive a vehicle as long as they can satisfy certain conditions. Korea has mainly issued conditional driver's licenses to the disabled only after supplementary devices are attached either in the vehicle or in their bodies. However, it is becoming important to issue a conditional driver's license to other types of drivers, including the elderly as the population ages in the country. This study aims at improving the current practice of issuing conditional driver's licenses by benchmarking various types of conditional licenses in other countries. In particular, various conditions such as time, space, driving speed, road type, vehicle type, and specific individual conditions are compared. Issuing a conditional driver's license to various types of drivers should be beneficial, not only to elderly drivers but also to drivers who cannot live without a vehicle.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.391-396
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• 2011

Gait is walking attitude and indicating state. The body's gait is a good mix in the center of body mechanics and exercises to wake up gently at the same time switch is a pass which is complicated at legs various joints. The shifting action what swing phase and stance phase rhythmic movement of body. One from piece moves with different dot. Especially plain walking and stair walking as a vehicle has been used frequently. Characteristics of the stair walking while the balanced the horizontal and vertical movement. Stair walking often takes place in everyday. It requires large range more than walking at plain in the moment and joint range of gait motion. And consistently applied to joints and various types of loads at legs joint may involve joint disorders. In this study, spastic cerebral palsy existing artificial limbs for disabled people when developing calibration equinus deformity patients induce muscle pain when walking on stairs independently, to reduce the research. Comparing the characteristics of the walking up the stairs for analysis patellofemoral joint pain as a result it is to provide engineering data.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.124-130
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• 2010

Current traffic guidance system offers the information of traffic light using a speaker to everybody including the blinds without object certification. Therefore, the current system gives stress by noisy sound to normal person. It is difficult for the blind to hear informations such as location, current traffic sign light status, and weather information, because of the vehicle noise and surroundings noise. If the blind or sight disabled person who has the RFID tag or has a white stick with RFID tag approaches to street crossing, RFID reader recognizes the tag and it serves necessary information through speaker or bluetooth. And also it is possible for the blind to use less expensive one with RFID tag than the white stick with RFID Reader.