• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.362-378
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• 1999

This study is to investigate sex role identity and health behavior among university students in Seoul, during the late of 1999. The instruments for data obtainment were KSRI of Kim(1994), and Health Style : A Self-Test provided by ODPHP National Health Information Center. These instrument were reliable, showing Cronbach $\alpha$ .98 and .77. Frequency, t-test, $x^2$-test, stepwise regression were conducted for data analysis, using SAS 6.12 program. The major findings were as follows : 1. For female student. Androgeny(34.0%)type was most common and subjects of feminity type were 28.7%. In contrast, Masculinity type(41.8%) was most prevalent. and undifferentiated type was 30.1% among male students. There were significant difference between male and female student in the type of sex role identity. 2. 89.6% of all subjects were included in risk group for exercise and physical activity, 86.4% for diet habit, 43.2% for alcohol drinking and drug use, 35.6% for stress control, 32.8% for safety behavior, 24.8% for smoking. The big health risk behavior problem of male students were smoking, drinking, diet habit, and exercise. The important health risk behavior problem were diet habit and exercise. There were significant difference in smoking, drinking, exercise between sex. 3. Analysis of the distribution by sex role identity type and health behavior revealed that subjects who were undifferentiated typed group had high risk behavior in stress control, safety, exercise, drinking. Smoking and drinking were more problematic for masculinity typed group had high risk behavior in diet and exercise. The data showed that androginy typed group had more healthy behavior, compared with other sex role identity typed group for all of health behavior. Further research is need to understand the role of sex role identity in health behavior, the variables associated with them. And sex role identity has to be considered in research and practice about health promotion.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2020

Background: The range of pelvic tilt is one of modifiable risk factors in preventing the lower back pain. Objects: The purpose of this study were to compare the range of pelvic tilt motion by testing position and sex. Methods: One hundred five young adults (61 females and 44 males) agreed to participate in measuring the anterior and posterior pelvic tilt with the PALM (Palpation Meter) in sitting and standing. The range of pelvic tilt motion was defined as the difference between the pelvic anterior and posterior tilt angles. Results: In general, the anterior pelvic tilt was greater (p < 0.01) in standing than in sitting and the posterior pelvic tilt was lesser (p < 0.01) in sitting than in standing. The anterior pelvic tilt in sitting and standing was greater (p < 0.01) in the females than in the males. However, the effect of sex on the posterior pelvic tilt was only significant in sitting (p < 0.01), but not in standing (p = 0.78). The range of pelvic tilt was greater (p = 0.03) in sitting but not significantly (p = 0.07) affected by the sex. Conclusion: The pelvic tilt motion in these young adults showed large variability and further studies are needed to understand better its relationship to the prevalence of the lower back disorders.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제8권
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• pp.157-182
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• 1981

The purpose of present study is to investigate children's attitude toward reading, reading method, reading environment, reading volume, and then to compare the results obtained by sex, area and grade. The tool used in this survey was a questionaire designed specially by the investigator. The questionaire was distributed to 1339 children selected at the descretion of the investigator with due consideration of sex, area(large city, medium city and rural community) and grade (from 2nd grade of primary school to 2nd year of middle school). The results of this study are summerized as follows : 1) Regional difference was observed in respect of the followiug : Awareness on reading, motivation for reading, reading method, activity after reading, number of books collected, reading guidance, how to obtain books to read, monthly reading volume, and reading tendency. 2) Also difference by grade was observed in respcet of the following ; Activity after reading, reading guidance, monthly reading volume and reading tendency. The following conclusions have been made based on the results of the survey: 1) The children's attitude toward reading and reading method may be considered favorable while reading environment is not satisfactory yet. Especially, reading environment of school children in medium cities and rural communities is worse than that of large cities. 2) No difference by sex was observed in respect of attitudes toward reading, reading method, reading environment and reading volume while difference by sex was observed in respect of reading tendency. The followings are recommended based on the results of survey: 1) To establish and carry out a comprehensive program for the improvement of reading environment of the school children in medium cities and rural communities. 2) To improve and substantiate school library facilities and design a proper guidance program to have children utilize school library to the maximum extent. 3) To contemplate on the consolidated measures for reading behavior survey.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.67-77
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• 1987

The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationship between mothers and daughters in sex-role identity and yin-yang clothing behavior as well as the relationship between sex-role indentity and yin-yang clothing behavior Sex-role identy was measured by Bem Sex-Role Inventory (1974) modified and supplemented for this study. For the measurement of yin-yang clothing behavior, researcher developed a questionnaire. Data were collected from 422 women, both college women and her mothers. For the statistical analysis, frequency, distribution, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Duncan's multiple range test, $x^2-test$, Pearson's correlation coefficients, analysis of covariance. multiple regression analysis were used. The results of this research can be summarized as follows: 1 There was significant difference in yin-yang clothing behavior according to home environmental variables such as family type, mother's employment. 2. There was not significant difference in mother's yin-yang clothing behavior according to mother's sex-role identity. But positive significant relationship was found between daughter's sex-role identity and daughter's yin-fang clothing behavior. 3. Mother's sex-role identity had influence on daughter's sex-role identity And mother's yin-yang clothing behavior had influence on daughter's yin-yang clothing behavior, too. 4. Mother's fin-yang clothing behavior and daughter's sex-role identity directly affected daughter's yin-yang clothing behavior, but mother's sex-role identity indirectly affected daughter's yin-yang clothing behavior.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.233-245
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• 1997

This study was designed to observe the nutritional knowledge, dietary life, and health condition in the middle school students. The subjects of this study were sampled out from co-ed middle schools in Seoul. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. The subjects take breakfast everyday by 50.4%, and their lunch depends very largely upon a lunch box by 95.2%. They take supper every evening by 79.0%. 2. The nutritional knowledge of subjects exhibits a significant difference by sex and region 3. The physical health condition of students exhibits a significant difference by sex and grade. 4. The mental health condition of students also exhibits a significant difference by sex, grade, and region. The school is required to endeavour for the student to have a correct understanding of nutritional knowledge form good dietary life. The government also should exert incessant efforts for school meal supply for their balanced nutrition.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1960

For the study on the sex ratio in natural populations of the different localities, the amphibian species were collected as the materials at the seven localities in Korea, and were obtained the following results. The sex ratios of each amphibian species suggest that each has it's own specific sex rations the following list. Rana nigromaculata H. : 109-39, Rana rugosa SCH. : 67.44, Rana temporaria coreana O. : 158.45, Hyla arborea japonica G. : 137.70. In Rana nigromaculata H. the average sex ratio was 109.39 as the above list, and its was reached statistically significant level according to the different localiies. The sex ratio was generally higher in the eastern area than that in the western area in this country. The sex ratio of the adult frogs of Rana nigromaculata H. was 135.18 , and it has a statistically significant level by each locality but the sex ratio of the younger frogs of the same species was 100.97 which was a little lower than that in the adult, and it was not laid at a significant level according to the localities. There is no doubt that the difference of sex ratios according to the localities was mainly due to the different ratios of the adult frogs which were effected on the constitution of sex by environmental factors in each locality.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.161-172
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• 1988

The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of sex and sex role identity on marital satisfaction. The short-from Bem Sex Role Inventory(BSRI) and Marital satisfaction Scale (MSS) were administered to the married men (n=90) and women (n=130) in Pohaing City. The data were analysed by two-way ANOVA and the Scheff method of multiple comparison. Major findings were as follows: 1. Marital satisfaction was significantly related to sex role identity rather than to sex: The androgynous group reported the highest marital satisfaction scores, whereas the undifferentiated group did the lowest scores. 2. There was no significant sex difference in marital satisfaction socres among the masculine, androgynous, and undifferentiated groups except the feminine one. Only in the feminie group, males who had high feminity scores reported high marital satisfaction scores, whereas females who had high femininity scores reported low marital satisfaction scores.

• 초등상담연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.215-236
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• 2005

The Purpose of this study is that self-growth program searches effect self-concept and peer-relationship with elementary school student, and advance following assumption to achieve this purpose and achieved study. First, self-concept point of experiment group students who execute self-growth program will be improved is meaning than self-concept point of control group students. Second, peer-relationship point of experiment group students who execute self-growth program will be improved is meaning than peer-relationship point of control group students. Third, effect that self-growth program gets to self-concept may be meaning difference according to sex. Fourth, difference that impact that self-growth program gets in peer- relationship is meaning according to sex may join. Chose fifth-year student 2 class 68 people (experiment group n=34, control group n=34) in I primary school locating to Jeonrabuk-do Iksan-si to verify above construction for study target. Disposal about experiment group executed over 10th for 60-80 minute 2 times in a week because investigator uses reconstructing self-growth program with virtue research paper such as learning program for own growth of Lee-Hyeong-Deuk (1998). In order to verify the effect after experiment, 1 collected materials for estimation by providing the subject children with questionaires about self-concept and peer-relationship before and after the experiment, and then analyzed the average differences in number of marks between the experiment group and the control group before and after the experiment through and by using One-Way ANOVA, and SPSS 11.0 program. The following is the result what I obtained from the above study. First, there was significant difference is between average difference before and after of experiment group and control group which execute self-growth program in self-concept elevation ($F_{(1,66)} =28.734$, p <.001). From the sub-variable, there was significant difference in academic self ($F_{(1,66)}=6.423$, p<.05), Social Self ($F_{(1,66)}=48.331$, p<.001), Physical Self ($F_{(1,66)}=11.074$, p <.01), sentimental self ($F_{(1,66)}=9.402$, p <.01) Second, there was significant difference is average difference before and after of experiment group and control group which execute self-growth program in peer-relationship promotion ($F_{(1,66)}=24.109$, p <.001). From the sub-variable there W3S Significant difference in trust ($F_{(1,66)}=14.507$, p<.001), respect ($F_{(1,66)}=15.271$, p <.001). Third, there was expose that significant difference does not exist in average self-concept before and after by sex of experiment group which executes self-growth program, and was not shown significant difference in sub-vairable. Fourth, there was expose that significant difference of whole peer- relationship and in respect of sub-variable in average peer-relationship before-after by sex of experiment group which execute self-growth program, but significant difference did not appear in trust. Could get conclusion that self-growth program is effect in elementary school student self-concept elevation and peer-relationship promotion according to these study finding, and confirmed possibility that self-growth program may contribute to change emotional special quality of children positively in education spot.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제6권
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• pp.17-34
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the sex-consciousness and sexual values of school children by geographic region. It's specifically attempted to make a comparative analysis of sex-consciousness and sexual values between urban and rural elementary schoolers to help provide efficient sex education for them to build the right sexual values. The subjects in this study were 400 elementary schoolers in their sixth year of elementary schools located in Danyang-gun and Chungju city, north Chungcheong province. After a survey was conducted, answer sheets from 387 students that were analyzable were analyzed. For data handling, SPSS program was employed, and t-test was utilized to see if there's any differences between the urban and rural elementary school youngsters in sex consciousness and sexual values. And $x^2$ test was used to make a comparative analysis of their view of sex education. The findings of the study were as follows : First, regarding sex-consciousness, they had general knowledge on sex. Especially, they were highly aware of sexual violence and the generation of baby, but many of them didn't know about where and how egg cells were produced. This indicated that systematic education should be offered in various ways. Concerning geographic gap, there was a significant difference in sexual knowledge between the urban and rural students. As to sexual attitude, they took a relatively positive attitude toward display of affection or sex-related talk on TV or in movies, as they viewed it as natural. This finding implied that the elementary schoolers were recipient toward sex and took an active attitude toward sexual expressions. Concerning geographic gap, there was no difference between the rural and urban students. As for sexual practices, the largest group of the students had a liking for the opposite sex, which showed that their needs for sex were unveiled in the course of having some trouble due to the other sex rather than through firsthand experiences or activities. As to geographic gap, there was a significant difference between the urban and rural students in that regard. Besides, the urban students put their sex-consciousness in practice more often than the rural students did. After they are educated to build the right sexual values, systematic sex-education programs should also be offered for them to be exposed to sustained sex education and to team how to apply their sex-consciousness to real life. Second, as for sexual values, the school children had relatively positive and equalitarian sexual values. Regarding geographic gap, there were significant gaps between the two groups' view of the opposite sex, sexual roles and chastity. Concerning view of the opposite sex, they attached more importance to the inner aspects of the opposite sex than his or her look, and they wanted to date in a natural manner. Regarding sexual roles, they were relatively well cognizant of gender equity and the importance of male and female roles. As to view of chastity, they looked upon sex as natural, not as what's ugly or ashamed of. Third, concerning their outlook on sex education, approximately more than half the students felt the needs for sex education, and there was a significant difference between the urban and rural students. They wanted to receive education about the prevention of sexual violence and physical changes during puberty the most, and there was a significant gap between the urban and rural students in this aspect. As to the time for sex education, they thought that students should start to be exposed to sex education in their fifth or sixth year. This finding signified that fifth or sixth graders who were in the beginning of puberty started to have a lot of interest in their own physical changes. Therefore, sex education would produce better effects when it's provided to fifth or sixth graders. Nearly half them preferred single-gender class when they received sex education, and there's no gap between the urban and rural students in that regard.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.271-282
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• 1996

Different aspects of morality, namely, moral belief, moral judgement and moral behavior have been studied seperately. This study examined the development of these three aspects of morality in relation to internal attribution in one sample. A total of 371, third -and sixth- grade children from Masan city were responded to questionnaires on moral belief, moral judgement, and attibutional tendency. In addition, children's moral behavior was measured by the teachers' 5-item rating scale. As results, there were signigicant but low correlations among three components of morality. There were developmental differences in moral belief and moral judgement but there was no age difference in moral behavior. Compared to third graders, sixth graders were higher in moral judgement but lower in moral belief. Social experience as well as cognitive development on moral relativity could explain this paradoxical developmental trend in moral belief. There was a sex difference only on moral behavior : Girls were rated higher in moral behavior than boys. Internal attribution was significantly correlated with all three aspects of morality, .15 with moral belief, .45 with moral judgement, .14 with moral behavior, respectively. There was a significant developmental difference but no sex difference in attributional tendency: Sixth graders reported higher internal attribution than third graders. However, there was no developmental difference in correlations among internal attribution and three aspects of morality. Most importantly, internal attribution explained morality better than either age -or sex- variable. It was suggested that educational programs on morality need to focus on the internalization of it.