• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.182-188
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• 2024

Hardware components are an integral part of Hardware Define Radio (HDR) for seamless operations and optimal performance. On the other hand, Software Define Radio (SDR) is a program that does not rely on any hardware components for its performance. Both of the latter radio programmers utilize modulation functions to make their core components from signal processing viewpoint. The following paper concentrates on SDR based modulation and their performance under different modulations. The bit error rate (BER) of modulations such as PSK, QAM, and PSAM were used as indicators to test channel quality estimation in planar Rayleigh fading. Though it is not commonly used for channel fading, the method of the adder determines the regionally segmented channel fading. Thus, the estimation error of the channel change substantially reduces the performance of the signal, hence, proving to be an effective option. Moreover, this paper also elaborates that BER is calculated as a function of the sample size (signal length) with an average of 20 decibels. Consequently, the size of the results for different modulation schemes has been explored. The analytical results through derivations have been verified through computer simulation. The results focused on parameters of amplitude estimation error for 1dB reduction in the average signal-to-noise ratio, while the combined amplitude deviation estimation error results are obtained for a 3.5 dB reduction

• Transactions on Semiconductor Engineering
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.13-18
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• 2024

This paper proposes a circuit utilizing auto zero technology to minimize offset and enhance accuracy in the reference generator and comparator. As evidence, a comparison between pre and post auto zero usage revealed a reduction of approximately 90% in standard deviation. The proposed circuit was implemented using a 55nm CMOS process, with an input frequency of 781.2 Hz. It achieves an Effective Number of Bits (ENOB) of 8.01 bits and a Signal-to-Noise Distortion Ratio (SNDR) of 49.98 dB.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2016

Objectives: Acupuncture treatments are safe and effective for a wide variety of diseases involving autonomic dysregulation. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a noninvasive method for assessing sympathovagal balance. The low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) spectral power ratio is an index of sympathovagal influence on heart rate and of cardiovascular health. This study tests the hypothesis that from rest to 30% to 50% of peak oxygen consumption, the nonlinear Conte-Zbilut-Federici (CZF) method of computing the LF/HF ratio is a more reliable index of changes in the HRV than linear methods are. Methods: The subjects of this study were 10 healthy young adults. Electrocardiogram RR intervals were measured during 6-minute periods of rest and aerobic exercise on a cycle ergometer at 30% and 50% of peak oxygen consumption ($VO_{2peak}$). Results: The frequency domain CZF computations of the LF/HF ratio and the time domain computations of the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) decreased sequentially from rest to 30% $VO_{2peak}$ (P < 0.001) to 50% $VO_{2peak}$ (P < 0.05). The SDNN and the CZF computations of the LF/HF ratio were positively correlated (Pearson's r = 0.75, P < 0.001). fast Fourier transform (FFT), autoregressive (AR) and Lomb periodogram computations of the LF/HF ratio increased only from rest to 50% $VO_{2peak}$. Conclusion: Computations of the LF/HF ratio by using the nonlinear CZF method appear to be more sensitive to changes in physical activity than computations of the LF/HF ratio by using linear methods. Future studies should determine whether the CZF computation of the LF/HF ratio improves evaluations of pharmacopuncture and other treatment modalities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.647-653
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• 2009

Taguchi parameter design is an approach to reducing performance variation of quality characteristic value in products and processes. Taguchi has used SN (Signal to Noise) ratio to achieve the appropriate set of operating conditions where variability around target is low in the Taguchi parameter design. This paper describes the prediction technique of vehicle performance using parameter analysis to reduce man hour and test development period as well as to achieve stable NVH performance. Design engineer could efficiently decide the design variable using parameter analysis database in early design stage. These improvements can reduce the time needed to develop better vehicles.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2017

One of the important applications of activity sensing in the home is energy monitoring. Many previous methodologies for detecting and recognizing household appliances have been proposed. This paper presents an approach that uses an energy metering circuit (EMC) to classify and identify the various electrical devices in home based on root-mean-square (RMS) consumed current value. EMC gathers the RMS current values created by appliance state transition (e.g., on to off) and apparatus operating process. In this paper, an identification algorithm is proposed to detect a change in current levels using the standard deviation of current signals and their average values. In addition, characteristic of the appliance is extracted concerning four feature parameters concerning the number of current levels, the minimum level, the maximum level, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of them. Experiment results validate the reliable performance of the proposed identification method for 11 representative appliances.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.639-642
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• 1999

Pullout test known as Lok test among the test methods to evaluate concrete strength strength is a test method which is used to decide the form removal time by assessing the early strength of concrete in a new construction, or to control the quality of newly placed concrete. This method has inconvenience to place inserts on the form work in advance, however, the placing work is quite simple and it has advantage that the strength can be measured at field as long as the inserts are placed. In this study, the first step is to investigate the properties of test method itself, by performing the laboratory test which covers deviation of the method and factors affecting the results, etc. The second step is to correlate the result with cylinder strength and other NDT methods such as rebound hammer, ultrasonic method, etc. And that, the results are compared with foreign results to find the differences between the two. In this research, new factors such as moisture content, area of aggregate failure cross section and area of aggregate separation cross section, etc as well as wate-cement ratio and age are investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.33B no.4
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• pp.72-80
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• 1996

In this paper, variable windowing mean filter to remove speckle noise and a measure to detect thin edge in ultrasonic images are proposed. Because ultrasonic images are corrupted by speckle noise showing a granular appearance, good edge detection is difficult. As a result, noise removing filter is needed in preprocessing stage. The speckle noise removing filter is based on mean filter whose window size is changed by the ratio of standard deviation to mean for image signal and noise signal in local area. And the measure expressed the difference of means between tow windows is used for detecting thin edge in filtered image. Results show that variable windowing mean filter removes speckle noise effectively, and proposed measure is useful in detecting thin edge.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
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• v.34C no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 1997

This paper proposes CMOS on-chip voltage and current reference circuits that operate at supply voltages between 2.5V and 5.5V without using a vonventional bandgap voltage structure. The proposed reference circuits based on enhancement-type MOS transistors show low cost, compatibility with other on-chip MOS circuits, low-power consumption, and small-chip size. The prototype was implemented in a 0.6 um n-well single-poly double-metal CMOS process and occupies an active die area of $710 um \times 190 um$. The proposed voltage reference realizes a mean value of 0.97 V with a standard deviation of $\pm0.39 mV$, and a temperature coefficient of $8.2 ppm/^{\circ}C$ over an extended temeprature range from TEX>$-25^{\circ}C$ to $75^{\circ}C$. A measured PSRR (power supply rejection ratio) is about -67 dB at 50kHz.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1386-1390
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• 2007

This paper presents the equipment condition monitoring technology for the process or the equipment using statistical techniques. The equipment condition monitoring system consists of an empirical model to estimate the expected sensor values of process variables and a diagnose model to detect the abnormal condition and to identify the root source of the problem. The empirical model is constructed by the analysis of historic data. The diagnose model uses the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) technique. The monitoring system was tested with real operating data acquired from the Reactor Coolant Pump Seal in the Nuclear Power Plant. It can detect the system degradation or failure at the early stage since it is able to catch the subtle deviation of process variables from normal condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.512-517
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• 1993

The cold rolled strip meets continuously rising demands on the less deviation of thickness at the width direction of their rolled products. Especially, the special interest has been to find the methods to reduce the edge drop which influences seriously on the yield losses and the quality of the rolled products. In this study, the influence of hot coils on the thickness profile of cold rolled strip was analyzed. For obtainint the tapered work roll shig\ft conditions, the thermal crown and the flattening between the work roll and the strip were calculated, and the main parameters which have mostly effects on the edge drop were simulated. Also the obtained conditions from the simulation were applied to Tandem Cold Rolling Mill to investigate the change of the edge drop and the crown ratio depending on the amount of work roll taper and the length of contact of taper. The results of the application led to better thickness profile than conventional one.