• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.87-93
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• 2004

In this paper we present a hybrid model that enables dynamic regrouping based on emotion in determining the behavioral pattern of crowds in order to enhance the reality of crowd simulation in virtual environments such as games. Emotion determination rules are defined and they are used for dynamic human regrouping to simulate the movement of characters through crowds realistically. Our experiments show more natural simulation of crowd behaviors as results of this research.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.193-199
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• 2011

Producing high density crowd simulation is time-consuming task as increasing the number of individuals in the crowds. In this paper, we propose a new control technique that can create realistic high density crowd simulation by using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method from fluid simulation field. Equations in SPH method are modified for evacuation, distance maintenance, and group maintenance forces for individual behaviors in the crowds. Experimental results showed that the proposed system could enable natural high density crowd simulation efficiently.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.23-30
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• 2011

Flocking behaviors are frequently used in games and computer graphics for realistic simulation of massive crowds. Since simulation of massive crowds in real time is a computationally intensive task, there were many researches on efficient algorithm. In this paper, we find experimentally the fact that there are unnecessary computations in the previous efficient flocking algorithm, and propose a noble algorithm that overcomes the weakness of the previous algorithm with a simple heuristic. A number of experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm outperformed the previous efficient algorithm by about 21% on average.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.13A no.1 s.98
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• pp.45-52
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• 2006

To perform on-line maintenance for Distributed Information System, it is indispensable to disseminate files to participant nodes in the network. When users' requests for file deployment occur simultaneously in a short period a deployment server falls into overload phase, which is often called Flash Crowds. h common solution to avoid Flash Crowds is to increase hardware capacity. In this paper, we propose a software solution based on P2P, which does not cost any additional expense. In the proposed solution, nodes in the network are grouped into subnetworks one of which is composed of only neighboring nodes. In each subnetwork, copies of deployment files can be transferred to each other. Consequently, it brings about the effect of load balancing in deployment server. To raise the effectiveness, target files for deployment are packed into one package. Before being transferred, each package is divided into multiple equal-sized segments. A deployment server in a normal phase transmits a package requested from nodes in segment units. However a deployment server is overloaded, if segments already exist in the subnetwork participant nodes in the subnetwork receive necessary segments from neighboring nodes. In this paper, we propose data structures and algorithm for this approach and show performance improvement through simulation.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.1367-1372
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• 2006

건물의 평면 디자인이나 도로의 디자인과 같은, 보행자를 고려해야 하는 디자인 혹은 그와 유사한 문제의 최적화를 위해서 군중 시뮬레이션이 필요한 경우가 있다. 이때 보행자 에이전트에 대한 모델이 필요하며 에이전트 디자인을 얼마나 신중하게 하느냐가 군중시뮬레이션의 결과에 많은 영향을 미친다. 기존의 보행자 모델은 에이전트로 하여금 이성적 행동을 하도록 하는 데에 초점이 맞추어져 있었다. 하지만 사람은 심리경향을 갖고 있으며, 이를 고려한 보행자 모델은 좀 더 현실과 가까운 군중 시뮬레이션이 가능하도록 해 준다. 본 논문에서는 MBTI(Myers-Briggs Type Indicator)의 척도 중 하나인 외향과 내향 척도를 기존의 보행자 모델에 적용시켰다. 외향과 내향을 하나의 변수로 보고 그에 따른 행동 패턴의 결정에 대한 함수를 만들었다. 그리고 이 모델을 사용하여 2 차원의 군중시뮬레이션을 해 보았다. 이 시뮬레이션은 출구를 가지고 있는 평면구조를 사용하여 위급한 상황일 때를 가정하여 에이전트들이 출구로 빠져나가도록 하는 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.30-39
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• 2016

There have been many cases of deaths from crushing caused by dense crowds. Numerous studies about pedestrian flow have performed various simulations, but the experimental data to prove the simulations are still not enough. In this paper, the evacuation of pedestrians for proving pedestrian flow simulation is observed. Due to the possibility of real casualties, it is difficult to experiment with humans directly. Therefore, ten C57BL/6NCrSIc mice have been used. It is assumed that C57BL/6NCrSIc mice act like humans in panic situations. Electrical Stimulus Experiments on mice are conducted for exits with various angles. ICY software is applied in this paper. As a result, the mice escape fast at a proper angle of 45 to 60 degrees.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.156-163
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• 2017

In the major operation sections of the urban railway, there has been habitual delay, and delay propagation; another problem is the increase of crowds and of inconvenience to passengers. The urban railway has different characteristics from rural railways, such as uncertainty of demand and irregularity of train operation. In urban railways, recently, operators manage quality indicators of service using operation results, such as the delay of train operation and the congestion of trains. However, because the urban railway has characteristics in which demand, passenger behavior, and train operation mutually affect each other, it is difficult to express the quality of service that passengers actually feel. In this paper, we suggest a quality indicator of service from the viewpoint of passengers, and present a demand responsive multi-train simulation method to predict dynamic dwell time and train operation status; we also use simulation results to consider changes in the quality indicator of service.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.5-14
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose a modeling and simulation of group behavioral movement of pedestrians using Agent based and Cellular Automata model in intelligent game environment. The social behaviors of the crowds are complex and important, and based on this, the prototype game-model was implemented to show the crowd interaction on AB and CA in the game environment. Our experiment revealed the promise of group behaviour as a cost-efficient, yet accurate platform for researching crowd behaviour in risk situations with real models.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.96-103
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• 2023

Generally, human stampedes and crowd collapses occur when people press against each other, causing falls that may result in death or injury. Particularly, crowd accidents have become increasingly common since the 1990s, with an average of 380 deaths annually. For instance, in Korea, a stampede occurred during the Itaewon Halloween festival on October 29, 2022, when several people crowded onto a narrow, downhill road, which was 45 meters long and between 3.2 and 4 meters wide. Precisely, this stampede was primarily due to the excessive number of people relative to the road size. Essentially, stampedes can occur anywhere and at any time, not just at events, but also in other places where large crowds gather. More specifically, the likelihood of accidents increases when the crowd density exceeds a turbulence threshold of 5-6 /m². Meanwhile, festivals and events, which have become more frequent and are promoted through social media, garner people from near and far to a specific location. Besides, as cities grow, the number of people gathering in one place increases. While stampedes are rare, their impact is significant, and the uncertainty associated with them is high. Currently, there is no scientific system to analyze the risk of stampedes due to crowd concentration. Consequently, to prevent such accidents, it is essential to prepare for crowd disasters that reflect social changes and regional characteristics. Hence, this study proposes using digital topographic maps and crowd-density risk simulations to develop a 3D model of the region. Specifically, the crowd density simulation allows for an analysis of the density of people walking along specific paths, which enables the prediction of danger areas and the risk of crowding. By using the simulation method in this study, it is anticipated that safety measures can be rationally established for specific situations, such as local festivals, and preparations may be made for crowd accidents in downtown areas.