• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.52 no.6
• /
• pp.51-69
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to classify the body shapes. exclusive of size and corpulence factors of more than 60-year old elderly women by distinctions, and to investigate the visual effects of combination of ensemble suit details. For the body shape classification, the factor analysis and cluster analysis were performed : the mean value difference of numeral values for classified types were tested by ANOVA : and the follow-up test was conducted by the Duncan's multiple ranged test. The data analysis for visual effects evaluated by a multiple ranking test was analysed by mean. paired t-test, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple ranged test. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The followings are the types of body shape according to the shape factors of the front line of body for elderly women. The distinctions of the front li e of elderly women's body could be presumed; that was, Body typeⅠ was a comparatively well-balanced body type, Body type Ⅱ was close to an average body type. and Body type In was a severely corpulent body type. 2. The followings are the results on the physical visual effects inducing the constituents of clothing type. 1) The neckline·collar types of a jacket have a great influence on the visual effects of the upper body, and orderly. the tailored collar. soutien collar, and round neckline had positive influence on the visual effects in the upper body. 2) The pleat types of one-piece dress had positive influence on the visual effects in the lower body in the order of gored type, pleats type, and gathered type. Also. the balance in the lower body had more influence on the overall balance of the clothing compared to the constituents of clothing type such as neckline collar type or opening line. 3) It showed that whether there is the front opening line of a jacket influenced on the visual effects of all categories.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.352-354
• /
• 1999

Randomly and specifically amplified polymorphic DNA band patterns based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis were used to assess genetic variation of somaclonal variants obtained from tissue culture of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum). Five different types of variant were classified by morphological characters such as leaflet number, leaf shape, caulicle length, plant height, and leaf area. Five primers out of 20 primers (10 mer) resulted in 34 random amplified DNA fragments with polymorphisms (64.7%) in all tested plants. The dissimilarity coefficient was from 0.71 to 0.91 by UPGMA cluster analysis. Based on the presence of polymorphic bands, normal plant and five somaclonal variants were divided into two groups at the similarity coefficient value of 0.79.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.291-299
• /
• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the effect of inoculation time of phosphate- solubilizing Kluyvera sp. CL2 on fruit quality in cultivation of Campbell early' grape. When phosphate-solubilizing strain was treated at the stone-hardening stage, soil phosphorous increased, exchangeable cations such as K, Ca and Mg also increased. Soil pH was not changed severely due to the soil buffer capacity. Water soluble phosphate concentrations did not decrease heavily up to 20 days after inoculation. When this strain was treated at the berry-softening stage, soil phosphate solubilization ratio was high, cluster weight and sugar content also increased. Both anthocyanin contents and Hunter's values were seen to be significant when inoculation times were stone-hardening stage and berry-softening stage, in particular, increase of Hunter's value a resulted in the improvement of coloration. From these results, we could find that the inoculation of phosphate-solubilizing Kluyvera sp. CL2 at berry-softening stage was the most effective in improvement of fruit productivity and quality in cultivation of'Campbell early' grape.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.594-603
• /
• 2009

Objectives : ICH breaks down blood vessels within the brain parenchyma, which finally leads to neuronal loss, drugs to treat ICH have not yet been established. In this experiment, we measured the effect of Woowhangchongshim-won (WWCSW) on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rat using microarray technology. Methods : We measured the effect of WWCSW on ICH in rat using microarray technology. ICH was induced by injection of collagenase type IV, and total RNA was isolated. Image files of microarray were measured using a ScanArray scanner, and the criteria of the threshold for up- and down-regulation was 2 fold. Hierarchical clustering was implemented using CLUSTER and TREEVIEW program, and for Ontology analysis. GOSTAT program was applied in which p-value was calculated by Chi square or Fisher's exact test based on the total array element. Results : WWCSW-treatment restored the gene expression altered by ICH-induction in brain to the levels of 76.0% and 70.1% for up- and down-regulated genes, respectively. Conclusion : Co-regulated genes by ICH model of rat could be used as molecular targets for therapeutic effects of drug including WWCSW. That is, the presence of co-regulated genes may represent the importance of these genes in ICH in the brain and the change of expression level of these co-regulated genes would also indicate the functional change of brain tissue.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.451-456
• /
• 2014

Organic amendment practices can influence diversity and activities of soil microorganisms. There is a need to investigate this impact compared with other types of materials. This study was carried out to evaluate the long term effects of chemical and organic fertilizer on soil microbial community in upland field. During the last 11 years green manure, rice straw compost, rapeseed cake, pig mature compost, NPK, and NPK + pig mature compost were treated in upland soil. Organic fertilizer treatment found with high bacterial colony forming units (CFUs) as compared to chemical and without fertilizer treatment. There was no significant difference in the actinomycetes and fungal population. The average well color development (AWCD) value was the highest in green manure and, the lowest in without fertilizer treatment. Analyses based on the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profile showed that rice straw compost and pig mature compost had a similar banding pattern while rapeseed cake, NPK, NPK + pig mature compost and without fertilizer treatment were clustered in another cluster and clearly distinguished from green manure treatment. Bacterial diversity can be highly increased by the application of organic fertilizer while chemical fertilizer had less impact. It can be concluded that green manure had a beneficial impact on soil microbial flora, while, the use of chemical fertilizer could affect the soil bacterial communities adversely.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to select and analyze words that represent various emotional states towards a spatial environment. Selecting appropriate words for the sensibility evaluation of a spatial environment is a process of constructing sensibility indicators, so that an accurate selection of sensibility words is very important. To collect basic words for this study, words for expressing sensation, emotional states, and sensibility regarding a spatial environment have been collected first via free association and a literature review of previous studies. In the second stage, the selected words are refined. Fifteen evaluators have participated in the first process of refining words, 140 college students participated in the second process, and than the final list of 277 refined words has been selected. During the third stage, 15 specialists were asked to evaluate the appropriateness of sensibility evaluation words, for that 7 point-scale has been applied. Then, 99 words with an average point of 4.55 or more and a standard deviation of 1.55 or lower were selected. After investigating the similarity in the meanings of the selected words, 55 pairs of contrasting words have been selected as a final list of sensibility evaluation words. During this last stage, 307 college students majoring in related fields were asked to evaluate the appropriateness of sensibility evaluation words for a spatial environment, and 7 point-scale was obtained. A factor analysis, cluster analysis, and multidimensional analysis have been conducted on the data obtained from these survey. According to the results of the factor analysis, the eight important factors are obtained from the sensibility evaluation criteria of a spatial environment(form, texture, function, value, comfort, aesthetics, atmosphere, and affinity). The factors obtained from this study can be used in the beginning stage of evaluating the sensibility factors of a spatial environment. In addition, the results of this study can be used as basic data when constructing a list of evaluation indicators to select various complex sensibility words for a space; or as general indicators when evaluating various spatial design factors.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.574-582
• /
• 2013

This study categorizes and analyzes hand types based on 2-Dimensional measurements of women in their 60-80's in order to establish initial data that can help develop a well-fitted glove and hand protector for elderly women. A total of 22 measurement items were selected to provide information about Size Korea (2010) 3D hand measurements. Participants in the study were 353 elderly women over the age of 60. Subjects were divided into two age groups (60's and over 70's). Statistical tests (such as Descriptive Analysis and T-test) analyzed the data and ascertained the age differences. A factor analysis and cluster analysis were conducted to classify elderly women hand types. The disparities between 20-30's and over 60's age groups were compared by T-test with the SPSS 20 program for Windows. The results in this study are follows: The hand shapes for elderly women were divided into 3 groups. Elderly women's Hand Type A is average length and the medium breadth hand type. Type B is the biggest length and breadth, Type C is the smallest length and breadth hand type. There were significant differences in the 20-30's and over 60's age groups for most hand length and breadth items. In addition, the mean measurement value of the length items decreased as the age increased; however, the diversity of items increased, so that it became shorter and wider. Further study should include the classification of hand shape dimensions for each figure type of sizing gloves for elderly women. We expect hand types to be applicable to the manufacture of gloves for elderly women.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.219-225
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to make an ideal dummy for adult Maltese with proper investigation of its character and direct measurement of dog body-shape. The results of the study are as follows; First, there were 6 factors to affect the characteristics of Maltese body in the analysis, which are size of body, leg shape, chest shape, leg thickness, body length, length between fore-legs. In the cluster analysis with the 6 factors there were two types of Maltese body. Type 1 has body characteristics with large body, thick leg, and small distance between front legs. Type 2 has average size of all factors including body size, leg thickness, and length between fore-legs. Second, type 2 was selected as a representative one to make a dummy reflected body shape of characteristics because it took 67.71% from entire considered factors and has average value in the measured size. The first dummy pattern was planned by copying the surface area of the representative body shape with the method of surgical tape. A dummy of single body with trunk and legs was made using 30's cotton cloth, polyester inside batting, compressed form PVC and metallic wire on the joint of trunk and legs to support dummy shape. The second pattern was made by correcting size difference of the pattern and adding the pattern of neck covering plate, metal magnetic button was inserted on the center of joint area of trunk and legs to make detachable legs for easy slip on and off the pet's wear.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.30 no.6 s.154
• /
• pp.971-980
• /
• 2006

The colors of apparel have a close relationship with the facial color types of consumers. To extract the favorable colors that flatter to consumer's facial color types, the facial colors of Korean females were analyzed. With color meter JX-777, 2 points of face were measured and classified into 3 clusters that had similar hue, value and chroma. Other new 10 college girls were measured and 3 subject among them were selected by the criteria that choose new subjects who have the classified facial color types. 175 respondents answered the degree of becomingness of color samples on three subjects. Data were analyzed by K-means cluster analysis, ANOVA and Duncan multiple range test using SPSS Win. 12. Findings were as follows: 1) 324 subjects who had YR facial colors were classified into 3 facial color groups. The average facial color Type 1 was 4.82YR 6.47/3.70 and composed 48.88% among total observations. Type 2 was 5.99YR 6.12/4.12 and 30.25%. Type 3 was 5.15YR 7.07/4.97 and 20.99% respectively. 2) Favorable colors for Type 1 were 18 colors that belonged to 'a' group from among colors that were divided into a, b, c group by Duncan post hoc test. 3) Type 2 showed that this type had many unfavorable colors. Unfavorable colors were 18 colors that belonged to 'c' by Duncan test. 4) Type 3 showed that black is the most favorable color and 18 colors were at middle level, which belonged to 'b' from among 18 colors that were divided into a, b, and c by Duncan test.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.251-264
• /
• 2017

Recently, Jeollabuk-do has been reported as a province where the $PM_{10}$concentration is one of the highest levels in South Korea. To explore the characteristics and origins of the $PM_{10}$in Jeollabuk-do, we present one of the first long-term datasets including a statistical analysis of $PM_{10}$concentrations obtained from six cities in the province from 2010 to 2015. During the entire periods, the mean hourly $PM_{10}$concentration was $49.3{\mu}g/m^3$, which correspond to the annual ambient air quality standards for $PM_{10}$in South Korea, and the annual $PM_{10}$concentration of each city showed a similarity in year-to-year variations. In the monthly variation of $PM_{10}$, the $PM_{10}$concentrations showed a maximum value in May that was one of the top levels among the provinces of Korea while the concentrations were dramatically decreased in August showing one of the lowest levels among the provinces in Korea. For the diurnal variation of $PM_{10}$, the $PM_{10}$concentration was enhanced during the rush hours together with gaseous species of $NO_2$, and CO. When the high concentrations of $PM_{10}$were observed (the highest 10% of the $PM_{10}$mass contribution), temperature and relative humidity were low. Using HYSPLIT backward trajectories and cluster analysis for the high $PM_{10}$concentrations, we found that the pollution plumes were transported mainly from China.