• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.477-484
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• 1992

Using semiempirical molecular orbital method, ASED-MO of extended Huckel Theory, we were investigated chemical bonds and electronic properties of Cu atom in a chain and a layer for Y123 and Y124 superconductors from VEP (valence electron population), DOS (density of state), and COOP (crystal orbital overlap population). In order to investigate environmental effects of Cu atom for Y123 and Y124 superconductors, we introduced charged cluster models with point charge and without point charge into our calculations. As a result of ASED-MO calculations, the Cu atom in the layer acts as electron acceptor and the Cu atom in the chain acts as electron donor for Y123 and Y124 superconductors. The oxidation state of Cu atom for Y123 and Y124 superconductors without point charge is higher in the chain than in the layer. The oxidation state of Cu atom in the layer for Y123 superconductor is higher than that in the layer for Y124 superconductor. The Cu atom in the layer and the chain for Y123 superconductor does not largely affect on the environmental effect. However, the Cu atom in the layer and the chain for Y124 superconductor does largely affect on it. Also, electron population and chemical bonding of Cu1-O4, Cu2-O4, and Cu1-Cu2 for Y123 superconductor are far different from Y124 superconductor.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.292-305
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• 1995

This study was carried out to develop a Korean language version of Zung's self-rating depression scale (SDS). The subjects consisted of 173 males and 161 females drawn from various groups of the general population by a cluster of sampling methods. In order to analyze the data on depression scores, Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient method was carried out, as well as reliability and factor analysis, by the SPSS/PC+ program. The results obtained were as follows: The mean average of the total depression scores were $40.60{\pm}8.66$ for the subjects. Thirty-seven subjects (11.1%) showed high depression scores of 50 or over. Test-retest reliability(coefficient r=0.82, p <0.001), internal consistency(coefficient r=0.84, p <0.001) were satisfactory. Factor analysis using oblique technique rotation yielded five factors. The items of confusion, indecisiveness, decreased libido, diurnal variation, and psychomotor retardation were scored higher by the subjects. The items of suicidal rumination, psychomotor agitation, constipation, irritability, and weight loss were scored lower.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.25-33
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• 2011

This study was conducted to examine genetic variation on leaf characteristics of Machilus thunbergii populations. Ten populations were subjected to multivariate analysis for 9 characteristics of leaf morphology. Average length of leaf blade, leaf width, petiole length, vein number were 9.8cm, 4.0cm, 1.8cm, 8.4 respectively, while angle of leaf base and leaf apex were $67.9^{\circ}$ and $78^{\circ}$ respectively. The coefficient of variation (C.V.) on leaf characteristics was 20% which indicate similar features among the populations. Nested analysis showed statistically signigicant differences among populations as well as among individuals within populations. Genetic relationship between populations using complete linkage method showed four groups to Euclidean distance 1.2 and did not show a tendency to cluster into the same group. There were three principal components that had a meaningful eigenvalue over 1.0 among the 9 components. The explanatory power of the top three main components on the total variation was 92.8%. The first principal component (PC) was explained about 40.3% which is mainly correlated with maximum leaf width and the second PC was explained about 28.7% which is correlated with leaf blade length. The third PC was explained about 23.8% which is correlated with petiole length ($X_3$). These characters were important factors for analysis of the relationship among natural populations of M. thunbergii.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.266-274
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• 2008

Korean native plants were investigated for their suitability to be used for floral clusters after drying. Floral clusters which were made in semi-sphere with a hand-tied method and can be fit in $22{\times}22{\times}37cm$ paper boxes were made with 37 species. Among 37 species, the 14 species which were easy to dry, to make floral clusters, and have not been used in other countries, were Echinochloa crus-galli var. frumentacea, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii, Muhlenbergia huegelii, Phleum pratense, Setaria glauca, and Setaria viridis in Gramineae, Artemisia capillaris, Artemisia montana, and Chrysanthemum indicum in Compositae, Agastache rugosa, Elsholtzia ciliata, Elsholtzia splendens in Labiatae, Carex neurocarpa in Cyperaceae, and Vitex rotundifolia in Verbenaceae were used with leaves, flowers, and fruits. The suitable plants for a floral cluster in $22{\times}22{\times}37cm$ paper box, a wreath in $22{\times}22{\times}6cm$ paper box, and a flower arrangement in $22{\times}22{\times}22cm$ paper box, which were made to a set, were 10 species, that is Phragmites communis, Setaria glauca, Setaria viridis, Artemisia capillaris, Artemisia montana, Chrysanthemum indicum, Elsholtzia ciliata, Elsholtzia splendens, Mosla punctulata, and Vitex rotundifolia.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.5-38
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine work-life balance by analyzing time schedules of married couple. The 2014 Korea Time Use Survey dataset was used for the analysis. Finally, 6,262 time diaries of 3,131 households were included in the analysis. The study used sequence analysis in particular, by applying the Lesnard(2014)'s dynamic hamming matching (DHM) method, which is useful for the time diary analysis where timing is a key factor. This study explored daily schedules of each man and woman according to 9 types of couple-combined work-schedules, which had been already derived by cluster analysis. The daily schedules were identified according to the activities divided as labor, housework, sleep, self-management, active leisure, passive leisure, and others. Here, time allocation was analyzed through various graphs showing average time amount and modal states by time period. Based on the analysis, it summarized that "long working hours as a main factor of work-life imbalance", "gender inequality of time use", "non-standard hours work impairing quality of life and "poverty of leisure time"as characteristics of work-life imbalance. Finally this study discussed the social policy implications to support work-life balance.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.501-517
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• 2021

In the present age, when the development of science and technology is leading the changes, this study supports the view that students should possess the literacy to participate democratically and critically in socio-scientific issues, and should be positioned as agentic and participatory citizens. Accordingly, we implemented a club activity that emphasize climate social action for elementary students, and explored how students were positioned in relation to climate change. In this study, position is defined as a complex cluster of rights and duties that students have in relation to climate change. The club activity was implemented throughout 46 sessions from March to July, 2019 for 11 sixth graders of 'H elementary School' in Seoul, and transcripts of video and interviews were analyzed by means of a constant comparison method. In the course of the activity consisting of three steps, the students exhibited different positioning and they are as follows: In the global warming modeling activity for Step 1, students were positioned as 'active learners', but at the same time, they showed a contradiction in being positioned as 'apprentice'. In the student-led research activities inherent to Step 2, they were positioned as 'scientists who design and conduct research' and 'bystanders' due to the controversial nature of SSI knowledge. As students participate in the social actions involved in Step 3, the position changed from 'elementary school students facing difficulty in making a change' to 'participatory citizens creating changes.' This study is significant because it shows students' potential to promote participatory and democratic citizenship through action-oriented SSI activities. In addition, pedagogical approaches were discussed dealing with the contradictions and limitations of positioning.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.401-408
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship analysis between safety consciousness, self-efficacy, and life-respect according to participation in survival swimming program of elementary school students for interdisciplinary convergence research. In order to achieve this purpose, 248 elementary school students were selected from registered in Kangwon-do area by the cluster sampling method. Frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlations analysis and structural equation model analysis were executed using SPSS Statistics 23.0 Version and AMOS 23. As the results, First, it was discovered that the Safety Consciousness had static influence to the Self-Efficacy. Second, it showed that the Safety Consciousness did not gave static influence to the Life-Respect. Finally, it showed that the Self-Efficacy had static influence to the Life-Respect. In conclusion, the safety consciousness of elementary school students participating in the survival swimming program influences self-efficacy. It also has a positive effect on respect for life through self-efficacy. Therefore, various approaches to survival swimming education program are needed from the perspective of interdisciplinary fusion research.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.96-107
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• 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the fatty acid composition, antioxidant activity, and the content of two major phenolic acids, caffeic and rosmarinic acids, of 45 Perilla accessions collected from Russia. Methods and Results: A total of 45 accessions of the genus Perilla were used in this study. The antioxidant activities of these accessions were analyzed using a spectrophotometer, and their caffeic and rosmarinic acid contents were determined using a reversed-phase ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system. The Perilla seed oil was recovered using hexane in a soxhlet extraction method. The fatty acid compositions were analyzed using a Shimadzu QP2010 gas chromatography-mass spectoroscopy system. The results showed that accessions IT226732 and IT274300 had the highest content of caffeic and rosmarinic acid, respectively. A cluster analysis based on antioxidant assay results and concentration of phenolic acids led to the categorization of Perilla accessions into three major groups. The accessions in Group I were characterized by higher caffeic and rosmarinic acid content and antioxidant activity, compared to the accessions in the other two groups (p < 0.05). The total oil content ranged between 28.39 and 46.89%. The compositions of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid ranged from 11.83 to 19.55%, 11.92 to 16.71%, and 59.19 to 67.28%, respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that accessions IT274300, IT226732, IT274293, IT235818, and IT235820 could be used as a source of functional materials.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.40-51
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to diagnose urban spatial structures using spatial modeling techniques for balanced urban development as part of sustainable urban growth management. Since urban spatial structure is an interaction of various activities, it is necessary to interpret the analysis results in conjunction with the analysis of changes in spatial structural elements. In this study, population and transportation were approached for research purposes. Population data were applied to the Getis-Ord G_i^* method, a spatial statistical technique, to analyze the concentration-decreasing region of the population. Traffic data analyzed the trend of centrality change by applying commuting traffic O-D data to Social Network Analysis techniques. The analysis showed that urban imbalance was growing, and the centrality of transportation was changing. The results of the analysis of spatial structure elements could be interpreted by linking the results of each factor to each neighborhood unit, predicting changes in urban spatial structure and suggesting directions for sustainable urban growth management.These results could also be used as a decision-making tool for various urban growth management policies introduced to cope with rapid urban development and uncontrollable development in many cities around the world.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.338-341
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• 1988

Two crystal structures of fully dehydrated silver and potassium exchanged zeolite A, stoichiometries of $Ag_{9.3}K_{{2.7}^-}A$ (${\alpha}$ = 12.282(2) ${\AA}$) and $Ag_{10.7}K_{{1.3}^-}{\AA}$ (${\alpha}$ = 12.287(2) A) per unit cell, have been determined from 3-dimensional x-ray diffraction data gathered by counter methods. All structures were solved and refined in the cubic space group Pm3m at 21(1)$^{\circ}C$ . The crystals of $Ag_{9.3}K_{{2.7}^-}A$ and $Ag_{10.7}K_{{1.3}^-}A$ were prepared by flow method using exchange solutions in which mole ratios of $AgNO_3$ and $KNO_3$ were 1:10 and 1:5, respectively, with total concentration of 0.05M. The structures of the dehydrated $Ag_{9.3}K_{{2.7}^-}A$ and $Ag_{10.7}K_{{1.3}^-}A$ were refined to yield the final error indices $R_1$ = 0.037 and $R_2$ = 0.040 with 321 reflections, and $R_1$ = 0.042 and $R_2$ = 0.043 with 371 reflections, repectively, for which I > 3${\sigma}$(I). In both structures, eight $Ag^+$ ions are found nearly at 6-ring centers and each $Ag^+$ ion is nearly in the (1 1 1) plane at its O(3) ligands. The 8-ring sites are preferentially occupied by $K^+$ ions in both structures. 1.3 and 1.7 reduced silver atoms per unit cell were found inside of sodalite units of $Ag_{9.3}K_{{2.7}^-}A$ and that of $Ag_{10.7}K_{{1.3}^-}A$, respectively. These reduced silver species were presumably formed from the reduction of $Ag^+$ ions by oxide ions of residual water molecule or of the zeolite framework. These two crystals may be presented as hexasilver cluster in 21.7% and 28.3% of sodalite unit cells for $Ag_{9.3}K_{{2.7}^-}A$ and $Ag_{10.7}K_{{1.3}^-}A$, repectively.