• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.83-86
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• 1981

Eight cases by power tiller accidents experienced for 3 years from Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1980 were studied clinically. The results are as follows: 1. The most of the patients were thirties to fifties, and the incidence rate of male to female 7:1. 2. The common injuries were hemopneumothorax and multiple rib fractures [respectively and the other associated injuries were hepatic and delayed splenic ruptures, and fractures of the another sites. 3. The accident forms were overturning [50.0%], falling down from the power tiller [37.5%], and collision against the power tiller [12.5%]. 4. All of the drivers and 75% of the passengers in the patients were drunken states at the accident time. 5. The common methods of treatment were closed thoracostomy [62.5%], conservative treatment [37.5%], and exploratory laparotomy [25.0%].

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.73-76
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• 2000

We investigate the stepwise parallel processing of the serial search which can success the co]1 search at low Ec/Io. The single path Rayleigh fading channel which is worst-case channel model is considered. The typical 3-step cell search is used. The probabilities of detection, miss and false alarm for each step are used in closed forms based on the statistics of CDMA noncoherent demodulator output. The optimal power allocation to each channel and The optimal number of post-detection integrations for each step is obtained. Also, the cumulative probability distribution of the average eel] search time for serial search methods are compared.

• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.175-178
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• 2005

TM plane-wave scattering from finite rectangular grooves in a conducting plane is systematically analyzed with the overlapping T-block method. Multiple rectangular grooves are divided into several overlapping T-blocks to obtain the fast CPU time, CAD applicability, and wide versatility. The scattered fields are obtained in simple closed forms including a fast-convergent integral.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.205-220
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• 2009

For modeling skewed semicircular data, we derive new family of the exponential distributions. We extend it to the l-axial exponential distribution by a transformation for modeling any arc of arbitrary length. It is straightforward to generate samples from the f-axial exponential distribution. Asymptotic result reveals two things. The first is that linear exponential distribution can be used to approximate the l-axial exponential distribution. The second is that the l-axial exponential distribution has the asymptotic memoryless property though it doesn't have strict memoryless property. Some trigonometric moments are also derived in closed forms. Maximum likelihood estimation is adopted to estimate model parameters. Some hypotheses tests and confidence intervals are also developed. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is adopted for goodness of fit test of the l-axial exponential distribution. We finally obtain a bivariate version of two kinds of the l-axial exponential distributions.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.193-198
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• 1999

Ketoprofen has been used as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAI) agent for analgesia in surgical patients and increasing numbers of surgical patients are chronically take some forms of NSAI drugs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of ketoprofen on the healing of a closed linear surgical wound and on the contraction of an opened surgical wound in rats. The experimental groups were divided into two groups and ten rats were allocated in each group. In ketoprofen-treated group, the rats were given 2.5 mg/mg/day of ketoprofen by s.c. for ten days. In control group, the rats were given 1ml of benzyl alcohol and distilled water by s.c. for ten days. After time period, all rats were sacrificed, and the breaking strength and the collagen concentrations, at the wound site, were measured. In ketoprofen-treated group, the mean breaking strength and the mean collagen concentration were significantly decreased when compared with those of controls. The ketoprofen-treated group had shown a mean rate of wound contraction less than that of the control, although not statistically significant. These results suggested that ketoprofen impaired wound healing.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1125-1145
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• 2010

For modeling(skewed) semicircular data, we derive a new exponential family of distributions. We extend it to the l-axial exponential family of distributions by a projection for modeling any arc of arbitrary length. It is straightforward to generate samples from the l-axial exponential family of distributions. Asymptotic result reveals that the linear exponential family of distributions can be used to approximate the l-axial exponential family of distributions. Some trigonometric moments are also derived in closed forms. The maximum likelihood estimation is adopted to estimate model parameters. Some hypotheses tests and confidence intervals are also developed. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is adopted for a goodness of t test of the l-axial exponential family of distributions. Samples of orientations are used to demonstrate the proposed model.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.55-60
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• 1984

In [2], D. Downing and W.A. Kirk obtained a number of fixed point theorems for set-valued maps in matric and Banach spaces. The authors considered maps which are more general than the contractions with nonempty and closed mapping values, and obtain results for maps satisfying certain "inwardness" conditions. A key aspect of their approach is the application of a general fixed point theorem due to Caristi [1]. On the other hand, in [6], the present author obtained a number of equivalent formulations of the well-known result of I. Ekeland [3, 4] on the variational principle for approximate solutions of minimization problems. Some of such formulations include sharpened forms of the Caristi theorem. In this paper, using one of such formulations, we show that Theorems 1-3 and Corollaries 1-5 of [2] are substantially improved by giving geometric estimations of fixed points.ed points.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.65-83
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• 2005

In this paper, we prove that the two well-known natural normalizations of Hamiltonian functions on the symplectic manifold ($M,\;{\omega}$) canonically relate the action spectra of different normalized Hamiltonians on arbitrary symplectic manifolds ($M,\;{\omega}$). The natural classes of normalized Hamiltonians consist of those whose mean value is zero for the closed manifold, and those which are compactly supported in IntM for the open manifold. We also study the effect of the action spectrum under the ${\pi}_1$ of Hamiltonian diffeomorphism group. This forms a foundational basis for our study of spectral invariants of the Hamiltonian diffeomorphism in [8].

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1891-1899
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• 2004

The characteristics of dynamic systems subjected to multiple linear constraints are determined by considering the constrained effects. Although there have been many researches to investigate the dynamic characteristics of constrained systems, most of them depend on numerical analysis like Lagrange multipliers method. In 1992, Udwadia and Kalaba presented an explicit form to describe the motion for constrained discrete systems. Starting from the method, this study determines the dynamic characteristics of the systems to have positive semidefinite mass matrix and the continuous systems. And this study presents a closed form to calculate frequency response matrix for constrained systems subjected to harmonic forces. The proposed methods that do not depend on any numerical schemes take more generalized forms than other research results.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1600-1604
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• 2017

A new Complex Image Method based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) is proposed to calculate the Green's functions of CPW (coplanar waveguide)-type microwave components and antennas. The closed-forms of the spectral-domain integrals are obtained by the GA, avoiding the conventional procedures of the tedious linear algebra and the sampling conditions sensitive to the complex-variable sampling paths adopted in the Prony's and GPOF methods. The proposed method is compared with the numerical Sommerfeld Integral, which results in good agreement.