• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.160-177
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• 1988

This study is an analysis of the teachers' health problems that focuses on the frequencies and types of their visiting to school clinics and the management of health-related problems. The participants for this study are consisted of 1,650 teachers employed at 30 public schools in the Seoul area. Data for the study came from diagnostic records for 1986, the results of a questionaire-type survey conducted between June 20th and of the same year an from other documents recorded by school nurses. The main results of this study are as follows: 1. The teachers' health problems. a) According to health diagnosis records, 6.1 % of all teachers had a health problem. Liver-related ailments topped the list, followed by circulatory and diabetic problems. b) The survey data had 71.9 % of the respondents indicating that trey suffered from some health problem. The most frequent response concerned respiratory problems, followed by gastro-intestinal and nervous system problems. c) A check of clinic utilization records revealed that the main reasons for visiting are concerned with fatigue (30.5 %), gastro-intestinal(18.7 %) and respiratory(18.2 %) ailments. These three categories accounted for 67.4 % of total use. 2. Frequencies of their visiting to school clinics 40.5 % of the teachers indicated that they have visited the school clinic. And 62.0 % visited it with a self-diagnosed ailment and 15.3 % utilized the facility after a problem had been detected in a health examination. Clinics were visited a total of 1,458 times which breaks down to 0.9 times per month per teacher. For a patient, the figures are 2.2 times on the average with a range from 1 to 19. 3. Health management problems a) Of those respondents. 53.4 % stated that they didn't have enough time to consult about their health problems and diagnose their disease b) Also, 47.3 % of the respondents indicated that school nurses should give health counsels and health education. c) When questioned about improvements in the current system, the teachers placed importance on the prevention and management of chronic diseases (35.2 %) and pre- and posteducation concerning periodic health examinations In conclusion, the following points must be considered: First, school administrators need to pay more attention to the health problems of the teachers. Second, school nurses should be more active in managing a health program for teachers. Finally, education and training for nurses should be continually upgraded so that they can dispense proper and timely care for teachers.

• 대한수혈학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.136-144
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• 2012

배경: 신선동결혈장은 응고인자의 보충을 위한 치료적 투여를 주된 목적으로 하지만, 실제로 적응증이 아닌 경우에도 부적절하게 사용되는 경우가 종종 있다. 방법: 년 2010년 7월부터 2011년 6월까지 1년간 세브란스병원 혈액은행에서 출고된 신선동결혈장의 적정 사용에 대한 평가를 시행하였다. 평가기준은 2009년 대한수혈학회에서 발간한 수혈가이드라인과 세브란스병원의 수혈적정성 평가 전산시스템에 기초하였다. 결과: 신선동결혈장은 1년 간 총 1,949명에게 4,982회에 걸쳐 17,733단위가 출고되었고, 이 중 1,990회(총 건수의 39.9%)가 부적절 수혈로 평가되었다. 진료과별 사용 건수는 소화기내과 등의 내과 계열이 흉부외과나 일반외과 등의 외과 계열보다 많았다. 그러나 부적절 사용 비율은 외과 계열이 내과 계열보다 높았다. 질병분류별 사용건수와 이들의 부적절 사용 비율은 유사한 양상을 보였는데, 종양, 소화 계통의 질병, 순환 계통의 질병군이 높은 사용 건수와 부적절 사용 비율을 보였다. 결론: 수혈의 적정성 유지를 위해서는 각 의료기관에서 수혈 적정성이 항상 평가되고, 그 결과를 임상의사들에게 정기적으로 피드백하는 과정이 중요하며, 이와 더불어 신선동결혈장 수혈 적응증에 대한 새로운 고찰이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.776-790
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• 2000

Every year the number of the elderly increases in Korea thanks to the improvemen of social and economical levels and the development of medicine. However, many problems such as insufficent care and the isolation of the elderly have been commonplace. This trend exists not only because of increased lifespan but also the changing social structure of the nuclear family. Accordingly, inspite of the development of medicine, geriatric diseases including circulatory diseases are increasing in proportion of elderly population, as well as the severity. Therefore, it is important to emphasize that health care programs provide the best possible health care and functional capacities in terms of healthy elderly lifestyles. Especially, the phenomena of aging and geriatric diseases taking place with the elderly naturally are affected by lifestyle and the drastic changes in exercise patterns. This study aims to improve geriatric health by introducing a rhythmic movement program for the elderly to estabilish a health-promoting self-care system and by developing quality of life, perceived health status, their physical and physiological functions and emotional state. The theoretical framework used in this dissertation is derived from the Health-Promoting Self-Care System Model (Simmons, 1990), which integrates the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory (Orem, 1985), the interaction model of Client Health Behavior (Cox, 1982) and the Health Promotion Model (Pender, 1987). As a quasi-experimental design, the nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design is utilized for this study. The subjects of this study consist of 64 people, over 65 years old who live in 2 nursing homes for the aged located in S city , Kyong-gi province and volunteered for this study from July, 12, 1999 to September, 17, 1999. They are divided into two groups：33 in the experimental group and 31 in the control group. The experimental group particpated in the Rhythmic Movement Program at the nursing home, which was comprised of 45 minutes a session, 5 sessions a week during 9 weeks. In order to measure the results of the Rhythmic Movement Program, aspects of perceived health status, balance, flexibility, grip strength, leg strength, heart rate, blood pressure, depression, anxiety and the quality of life were measured before and after participating in the Rhythimic Movement Program for the experimental group after 9 weeks, as well as the control group. The collected data were processed by SPSS PC+ and analyzed by the X2 test, t-test, ANCOVA and the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The perceived health status conditions in the experimental group show statistically significant improvement when compared to the control group (F=17.51, p=.000). 2. The physical and physiological functions, that is, balance (F=17.51, p=.000), flexibility (F=8.01, p=.006), grip strength (F=3.21, p=.018) and leg strength (F=25.78, p=.000) in the experimental group are higher than the control group. The vital signs, that is, the number of heart rate (F=.022, p=.884), systolic pressure (F=1.73 p=.193), and diastolic pressure (F=2.74, p=.103) in the experimental group compared to the control group decreased, but doesn't show statistically significant differences. Immune responses (F=5.13, p=.003) showed statistically significant increases in the experimental group when compared to the control group. 3. The emotional state are improved, that is, degree of depression (F=11.56, p=.001) and degree of anxiety (F=9.14, p=.004) in the experimental group showed statistically significant decreases. 4. The quality of life in the experimental group (F=3.03, p=.037) showed statistically significant differences compared to the control group. 5. The observations of the relationships among the perceived health status, emotional state , the quality of life, the relationships between the perceived health status, the degree of depression (r=-.653, p=.000) and the degree of anxiety (r=-.786, p=.000) were in contrary propotions, while the relationships between the perceived health status and the quality of life (r=.234, p=.008) were in direct propotion. In conclusion, the Rhythmic Movement Program used in this study for geriatric nursing care is simple and safe for application to the elderly and shows significant effects by implementing 5 sessions a week for 9 weeks. The Rhythmic Movement Program improves the quality of life, maintains as well as improves the physical and physiological fuctions and emotional state, therefore this program is strongly recommended for positive applications for independant geriatric nursing health care.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.265-275
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• 2017

본 연구는 장례식장에서 사망자를 위생적으로 관리하기 위해 사망의 장소, 종류 및 원인 등 사망자들의 유형에 따라 체액 분출 등 사후 어떤 변화가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 사망자 858명을 대상으로 조사한 결과 평균 연령은 68.6세이며, 주요 사망의 원인은 83.0%가 병사이며, 사망 장소는 79.5%가 의료기관에서 발생되었다. 사망자에서 발생되는 체액 분출율은 전체 사망자의 46.2%에서 조사되었고, 사망의 종류에 따라서는 사고사가 78.8%로 가장 높고, 노화사는 10.8%로 가장 낮았다. 사망의 장소에 따른 의료기관 사망자는 46.3%, 주택 사망자는 38.6%인데 반해 기타 장소는 77.4%로 높았다. 사망의 원인으로 직접, 중간 및 선행 사인이 기록된 사망자 수는 크게 다르지만 체액 분출 비율은 비슷하였다. 장기 및 계통별 사망자 수는 직접, 중간 및 선행 사인 모두 호흡기질환과 심장질환 사망자 수가 가장 많고, 체액 분출은 직접 사인은 간질환 사망자가 가장 높고 소화기 및 혈액순환계 순이며, 중간 및 선행 사인에서는 기타 및 사고사가 가장 높은 비율을 보였다. 사망의 원인에 기록된 질병을 기준으로 한 사망자 수는 직접 사인은 심폐부전이 96명으로 가장 많고 폐렴 및 패혈증 순이며, 체액 분출은 사망자 수가 15명 이상 기준으로 담관암(73.3%)이 가장 높고, 췌장암, 중증뇌손상 및 간암 순으로 많았다. 따라서 사망자의 위생적 관리를 위해서는 보다 정확한 질병명과 발병기간을 명시하도록 하여야 하고, 사망자 이송과정에서는 관련 정보가 문서화 되고 체계적인 전달 시스템이 될 수 있도록 제도화 하여야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.147-155
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• 1998

Acupuncture and Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture stimuli have long been used to cure human diseases. However, it still remains to be unkown on its action mechanism, physiolosical and biochemical aspects. Thus, many attempts were made to show the scientific background covering the above mentioned mechanisms. Most recent studies show that these tests improve blood circulatory system and increase leucocyte counts. In this study, we have applied the acupuncture stimuli to mouse Sinsu(BL-23), which is a stimulative point of oriental medicine, to see if cytokine such as IL-6 can be detected. Mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) for inflammation induction, and then reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using each primer set was performed to trace the amounts of mRNA. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. IL-6 was not temporarily expressed in normal mice 15 min after the acupuncture was pulled out. But, it started to show a feeble expression at 30 min after the removal of acupuncture and it started to reduce at 1h. after the acupuncture was pulled out 2. IL-6 was specifically expressed in LPS-treated mouse 30 min after the acupuncture was pulled out. The transcriptional expressions of LPS-treated mice were more effective than those of normal mice at 30 min after the removal of acupuncture 3. IL-6 was not temporarily expressed in normal mice 15 min after Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture. But it expressed most highly at 30 min, and the transcriptional expressions of IL-6 was continued to 3 h. 4. IL-6 was not expressed in all the time after Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture in LPS-treated mice. Therefore, a follow-up of cytokine IL-6 can be used not only a basis of the effect of acupuncture and Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture but a diagnosis giude through the immunological action of thats. And, it is suggested that cytokine's expression by Acupuncture and Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture stimulation should be continuously elucidated.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.386-392
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• 2017

Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are multipotent stem cells derived from periodontium and have mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like characteristics. Recently, the perivascular region was recognized as the developmental origin of MSCs, which suggests the in vivo angiogenic potential of PDLSCs. In this study, we investigated whether PDLSCs could be a potential source of perivascular cells, which could contribute to in vivo angiogenesis. PDLSCs exhibited typical MSC-like characteristics such as the expression pattern of surface markers (CD29, CD44, CD73, and CD105) and differentiation potentials (osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation). Moreover, PDLSCs expressed perivascular cell markers such as NG2, ${\alpha}-smooth$ muscle actin, platelet-derived growth factor receptor ${\beta}$, and CD146. We conducted an in vivo Matrigel plug assay to confirm the in vivo angiogenic potential of PDLSCs. We could not observe significant vessel-like structures with PDLSCs alone or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) alone at day 7 after injection. However, when PDLSCs and HUVECs were co-injected, there were vessel-like structures containing red blood cells in the lumens, which suggested that anastomosis occurred between newly formed vessels and host circulatory system. To block the $SDF-1{\alpha}$ and CXCR4 axis between PDLSCs and HUVECs, AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, was added into the Matrigel plug. After day 3 and day 7 after injection, there were no significant vessel-like structures. In conclusion, we demonstrated the perivascular characteristics of PDLSCs and their contribution to in vivo angiogenesis, which might imply potential application of PDLSCs into the neovascularization of tissue engineering and vascular diseases.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.162-173
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• 2010

Objectives: In order to confirm a remedial effect and related influence of the clinic treatment by prescribing herb medicines to hypertensives experiencing angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor dosage and suffering from common side effect generally known as dry cough. Methods: 1. We selected the 19 patients who visited National Oriental Medical Center, from August 21, 2007 to August 16, 2008 and suffering from dry cough caused by taking ACE inhibitor, with no other possible diseases causing dry cough. 2. We separated the 19 patients into two groups (Type 1: Bi-Qi hie (脾氣虛) group prescribed Samchuljojung-tang & Type 2: Qi-hie dam-wul (氣虛痰鬱) group prescribed Samsoumgamibang). 3. We then observed the symptom level and post-treatment effect, and recorded changes of dry cough intensity level for each group. Results: 1. Type 1: In the survey of 12 patients, initial level recorded 16.33 at entry diagnosis, and next level meant changing of symptoms, recorded as 2.75 at Stage 1 and reaching 3.33 at Stage 2. 2. Type 2: 7 patients, with initial level recorded as 18.71 at entry diagnosis, and 1.86 at Stage 1 and reaching to 3.29 at Stage 2. 3. No additional prescriptions were issued at Stage 2 or afterwards, and final result indicates that the mean value ended at 3.95 in the total group. Conclusions: It is concluded that there is a significant remedial effect and related influence of the clinic treatment between the Oriental medicine treatment and one of the common side effects of ACE inhibitor, dry cough.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.191-201
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• 2020

사회의 급속한 발전과 함께 수반되는 환경오염이 인간의 건강을 위협하는 커다란 위험인자로 인식되기 시작하면서 공기오염을 억제하기 위한 노력과 공기오염에 의해 유발되는 여러 질환을 억제 및 치료하기 위한 연구개발이 급속히 증가하고 있다. 인간 건강에 나쁜 영향을 주는 공기오염의 주된 원인중의 하나인 미세먼지는 (particulate matter, PM) 크기에 따라 일반미세먼지와(PM₁₀) 초미세먼지(PM_2.5)로 나누어 질 수 있으며, 호흡기, 소화기, 및 피부에 흡수 및 부착되어 이상 면역반응을 유발하여 만성호흡기질환, 당뇨병 및 면역질환등을 촉진하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그동안 인류의 건강을 위해 미세먼지의 발생을 억제하기 위한 범 국가적 노력과 함께 미세먼지의 유해성을 증명하기 위한 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 본 총설에서는 여러 인체질환에 있어서 미세먼지가 미치는 유해성을 중심으로 소개하고 미세먼지의 생물학적 위험성을 평가하는 세포 및 동물실험법에 대해 요약하였다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.295-300
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• 2012

Background: With growing attention to the aortopathy associated with aortic valve diseases, the number of candidates for accompanying ascending aorta and/or root replacement is increasing among the patients who require aortic valve replacement (AVR). However, such procedures have been considered more risky than AVR alone. This study aimed to compare the surgical outcome of isolated AVR and AVR combined with aortic procedures. Materials and Methods: A total of 86 patients who underwent elective AVR between 2004 and June 2010 were divided into two groups: complex AVR (n=50, AVR with ascending aorta replacement in 24 and the Bentall procedure in 26) and simple AVR (n=36). Preoperative characteristics, surgical data, intra- and postoperative allogenic blood transfusion requirement, the postoperative clinical course, and major complications were retrospectively reviewed and compared. Results: The preoperative mean logistic European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (%) did not differ between the groups: $11.0{\pm}7.8%$ in the complex AVR group and $12.3{\pm}8.0%$ in the simple AVR group. Although complex AVR required longer cardiopulmonary bypass ($152.4{\pm}52.6$ minutes vs. $109.7{\pm}22.7$ minutes, p=0.001), the quantity of allogenic blood products did not differ ($13.4{\pm}14.7$ units vs. $13.9{\pm}11.2$ units). There was no mortality, mechanical circulatory support, stroke, or renal failure requiring hemodialysis/filtration. No difference was found in the incidence of bleeding (40% vs. 33.3%) which was defined as red blood cell transfusion ${\geq}5$ units, reoperation, or intentional delayed closure. The incidence of mediastinitis (2.0% vs. 0%), ventilator ${\geq}24$ hours (4.0% vs. 2.8%), atrial fibrillation (18.0% vs. 25.0%), mean intensive care unit stay (34.5 hours vs. 38.8 hours), and median hospital stay (8 days vs. 7 days) did not differ, either. Conclusion: AVR combined with additional aortic or root replacement showed an excellent outcome and recovery course equivalent to that after isolated AVR.

• 대한수혈학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.229-239
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• 2018

순환계는 혈액의 흐름이 원활하게 되도록 그 해부학적 구조와 혈류의 물리학적 특성이 연결되어있다. 혈액의 흐름에 영향을 주는 혈액의 물리학적 특성을 혈유변학적 인자(Hemorheologic factors)라 하며, 혈액의 점도(blood viscosity) 및 적혈구 응집도(erythrocyte aggregation)와 같은 혈유변학적 특성은 헤마토크리트(hematocrit; Hct)와 밀접한 관계를 가진다. 헤마토크리트가 높을수록 혈액 점도가 증가하고 적혈구 응집도는 증가하며 순환을 저해하고 조직에 산소 전달 능력을 방해한다. 혈청 페리틴은 과도하게 있을 경우 산화유리기(oxygen free radial)를 통하여 혈관 내피세포(vascular endothelial cell)와 혈구 세포(blood cell)에 산화 손상을 유발하여 심혈관계 손상을 유발한다. 이러한 기전을 근거로 사혈 혹은 헌혈을 심혈관계 질환의 예방 및 치료에 응용하려는 시도가 오랫동안 있었다. 사혈은 의학에 있어 오랜 역사를 가지면서 특히 한방의 치료적 개념으로 최근까지도 사용되고 있으나 그 과학적 근거가 불충분하고 아직까지 논란의 여지도 있어 근거 중심의 의학을 근간으로 하는 의학에서는 도외시되어왔다. 하지만 혈액량이 증가하면 혈유변학적 인자들(hemorheological factors) 역시 악화되면서 대 순환에서 동맥경화의 발생 및 진행에 영향을 주고, 모세순환(microcirculation)을 악화시키는 것으로 알려져 있으며 심뇌혈관 사건에 영향을 주는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 정기적인 헌혈자(regular blood donors)에게 혈유변학적 인자들을 저명하게 호전시키고 과도한 철분의 함량을 줄여서 산화유리기에 의한 혈구 및 내피세포의 산화 손상을 줄임으로써, 순환계내에서 혈액순환을 촉진시킬 수 있다는 증거들이 보고되고 있다. 헌혈의 효과가 심혈관계 질환에 이익이 된다는 확고한 장기적 코호트 연구결과가 도출된다면 절대적으로 헌혈 혈액량이 부족한 현실과 심혈관계 질환의 예후를 호전시킬 수 있다는 측면에서 중요한 역할을 할 수 있다고 생각된다.