• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.51 no.1
• /
• pp.27-43
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a maternal happiness scale which can be used for mothers who take care of young children, school-aged children, and adolescents. First, the maternal happiness scale was developed based on literature review and the consent of experts. Finally it was consisted of 56 items from 18 elements of happiness through checking the contents validity with professionals. Second, final respondents for the survey were 1300 mothers who had children with and without disabilities in Seoul, Busan, Gyeonggi, and Kyungnam. Third, the 8 factors including the 53 items were extracted through the mothers' appraisal of the items and the review of the adequacy for the factor analysis. The 8 factors were consisted with 'Family relations with family', 'Laid-back life and self-esteem', 'Physical and mental health', 'Independency and development', 'Spirituality', 'Interpersonal relations', 'Appearance', 'Sociocultual environment'. Fourth, the maternal happiness scale demonstrated appropriate levels of construct validity, item internal consistency, distribution of item response, and item discrimination. The results of this study enhance our understanding of the core factors of maternal happiness. In addition, the findings have implications for supporting mothers who take care of young children, school-aged children, and adolescents.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.82-90
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among parenting role sharing, parenting stress, happiness, and parenting behavior of mothers with 6-year-old children. Methods: This study used data from the seventh Panel Study of Korean Children, which began collecting longitudinal data on a sample of newborn households nationwide in 2008 and will continue yearly until 2027. The participants were 1,560 mothers of children aged 6 years. We conducted statistical analyses using descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The mean age of the mothers was 36.8±3.7 years. The mothers' perceived parenting role sharing (r=.07, p=.007), parenting stress (r=-.54, p<.001), and happiness (r=.38, p<.001) were significantly correlated with warm parenting behavior. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that parenting stress (β=-.47, p<.001), happiness (β=.15, p<.001), and parenting role sharing (β=.11, p<.001) were significant predictors for warm parenting behavior by mothers. Conclusion: It is essential to reduce mothers' stress and increase their positive emotions (happiness). Fathers should actively share parenting roles in raising children to enhance mothers' warm parenting behavior.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.358-367
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the structural types of happiness that mothers with young children feel by presenting the features of each happiness type, to eventually increase the happiness of mothers with young children. The subjects of this study were 32 mothers with young children in D city. They were randomly chosen. Q-methodology, which allow in-depth measurement of people's subjective perception of happiness, was employed in this research. The results and further analysis revealed 4 structural types of happiness: 1) family centered type, feeling happiness through family including children 2) gratitude pursuing type, feeling grateful to circumstances and small things happening in current life 3) relationship oriented type, emphasizing good relationship with family and others; and 4) personal enjoying type, emphasizing the satisfaction and joy in one's own life.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.15 no.11
• /
• pp.680-685
• /
• 2015

The purpose for this study is to research the perception of happiness among the kindergarten young children. The subjects were kindergarten young children of 6, 7 years old in Kwangju. The finding of this study were as follows : 1. kindergarten young children of 6, 7 years old considered that the most important elements of happiness to have a positive mind, to be loved. And kindergarten young children of 7 years old perceived spend time with family as happiness. 2. 'the most moment when you feel happy" perceived that the most important elements of happiness were to be loved, play with children and to spend time with children. 3. 'To be happy' perceived that the most important elements of happiness were the relationship of parents and friends. Especially, seven years old children perceived to be able to do self-development. Therefore, I suggested it is necessary to study a program of young children's happiness, a program of parent's participation for young children's happiness in kindergarten, and a program of young children' career education.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.17-28
• /
• 2023

Background: The purpose of this study is to examine the multiple-parallel mediation effects of self-esteem and body-image on the relationship between peer attachment and happiness in children with chronic diseases. In addition, this study aims to provide a basis for supporting psychological services alongside therapeutic services as a way to increase the overall happiness of children with chronic diseases. Design: This study utilized data from the 2020 Panel Study on Korean Children. Methods: The survey method was conducted as a survey by investigators, and the number of cases used in the study was 363. Results: First, children's peer attachment is associated with higher levels of overall happiness. Second, it can see that peer attachment not only increases self-esteem, but also leads to a positive perception of one's own body-image. Third, it can be seen that peer attachment, high self-esteem, and positive perception of body-image increase children's overall happiness. Finally, it can be seen that peer attachment can increase children's happiness through self-esteem and body-image Conclusion: It is thought that a more positive prognosis can be expected when psychological support is provided together with therapeutic treatment in providing medical services for children with chronic diseases.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.568-575
• /
• 2017

This study examined the effects of courage on happiness and the mediating effects of the decision making ability on the relationship between courage and happiness. The courage Inventory for Young Children (Park & Lee, 2011), The Children's decision making ability Scale (Park, 2012) and the happiness Questionnaire (Kim, 2008) were administered to 220 young children (112 boys, 108 girls, 5 year of age). The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and a sobel test using the computer program, SPSS/PC 21.0. The results were as follows. First, there were significant positive relationships among courage, decision making ability, and happiness. Second, courage was an important factor in predicting the happiness of young children, and the decision making ability had mediating effects on the relationship between courage and happiness.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.61-71
• /
• 2024

The study aimed to examine the mediating effect of ego resiliency and smartphone dependence in the relationship between children's attachment to mother and happiness. For the purpose, 1,143 research subjects were selected from the 12th data of the Korean Children's Panel surveyed by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education. As for the analysis methods, frequency analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, and correlation analysis were executed, while the mediating effect was analyzed by applying Process Macro Model Number 4 analysis. The indirect effect of ego resiliency and smartphone dependence were verified by using boot-strapping. The findings are as follows. First, children's attachment to mother was found to increase their happiness. Second, ego-resilience was shown to play a partial mediating role in the relationship between children's attachment to mother and happiness. Third, the effect of children's attachment to mother on happiness was partially mediated by smartphone dependence. Based on the results, the study suggested the various practical programs to improve children's happiness.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.854-863
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study of cause-and-effect relationship, which used the $7^{th}$ year data of the Panel Study on Korean Children, to investigate the effects of parenting stress, depression, and family interactions of the parents of early school-age children on children's subjective happiness. Methods: The present study included data of 1419 pairs of parents who participated in the mother and father survey of the Panel Study on Korean Children. The effects of parenting stress, depression, and parental family interactions on children's subjective happiness were analyzed as actor and partner effects using path analysis. Results: Parenting stress had an actor effect on depression; maternal parenting stress (${\beta}=-.21$, p<.001) and depression (${\beta}=-.30$, p<.001) had an actor effect on maternal family interaction; and paternal parenting stress (${\beta}=-.18$, p<.001) and depression (${\beta}=-.17$, p<.001) had a partner effect on maternal family interaction. Paternal parenting stress was found to have an actor effect on paternal family interaction (${\beta}=-.30$, p<.001), and parental depression was found to have actor effect (${\beta}=-.23$, p<.001) and maternal depression had a partner effect on paternal family interactions (${\beta}=-.22$, p<.001). Children's subjective happiness was found to have a statistically significant relationship with maternal family interaction (${\beta}=.40$, p<.001). Conclusion: The significance of the study is in its provision of basic data for adjusting parents' family interactions that are closely related to the growth and development of children by confirming the effect of parents' parenting stress, depression, and family interaction on children's subjective happiness.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to develop a "Happiness Scale for School-aged Korean Children" (HSSKC). Participants consisted of 2,528 children who were chosen from six places, namely: Seoul, Gyeonggi, Chungnam, Jeonnam, Gyeongnam, and Gangwon. The province of Jeju-do was not included. The study assessed children's perception of happiness in six areas of life. For data analysis, the study employed the following methods: descriptive statistics, factor analysis, correlation, and Cronbach's $\alpha$. Initially, the study used an original scale composed of 32 items, but these were later reduced to 29 through exploratory factor analysis. The study identified six factors which influenced the happiness of school-aged children: (1) self-esteem, (2) parent-child relationship, (3) school life, (4) after-school activities, (5) general living environment, and (6) satisfaction of needs. Validity was determined through correlating the sub-factors. Using Cronbach' $\alpha$ to measure the reliability of factors, the result ranged from .60 to 81.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.37-52
• /
• 2022

Objective: This study pays attention to types of parental depression and differences in happiness and self-esteem of children in each group of parents. Methods: This study employed the 10th wave of the Panel Study on Korean Children. Cluster analysis, covariance analysis, and Bonferroni verification were performed on the data of 1,282 parents with 9-year-old children. Results: A total of four parental depression groups were categorized: 'both depressed,' 'mother depressed,' 'father depressed,' and 'not depressed.' Children of the not depressed group showed the highest psychological well-being among the four groups. Children of the mother mildly depressed group had lower scores in happiness and self-esteem than those of the father mildly depressed group. Conclusion/Implications: This study was a new attempt to categorize parental depression together, breaking away from individual approaches such as mother's depression, father's depression, and mother's and father's depression and complementary approaches between couples. When examining the impact of parental depression on children's psychological well-being, it is necessary to consider depression of the father and mother as a unit.