• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.11-20
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine determine the relations relationship between the child's characteristics (i.e. temperament) and maternal behaviors (parenting and the content of demands) and the child's compliance. Data were gathered from 153 mothers of toddlers in Seoul, via questionnaires. The major principal results of this study were as follows: Neither gender nor age differences was found were observed in toddlers' compliance. Correlation analyses revealed significant relations relationships between both a child's emotionality and the mother's parenting, and a child's compliance. That is, in cases in which the child's emotional reactivity and the mother's authoritarian parenting were high, the child evidenced lower compliance, the child showed whereas the higher the mother's authoritative parenting were was, the higher compliance the child showed displayed. The hierarchical regressions analysis indicated that maternal demands on 'caring' was constituted the most significant variable to predict for the prediction of toddlers' compliance, and child activity level and maternal authoritative parenting behavior were also significant variables.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.359-373
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• 2005

This study examined the child care teachers' job satisfaction in relation to their self-esteem and the differences in their job satisfaction by demographic variables. Subjects were 285 child care teachers in Chungnam province. The instruments were 'Teachers' Job Satisfaction Scale' and 'Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale'. The collected data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, stepwise multiple regression(forward), Duncan test for a post hoc test, Cronbach's a for reliability, and factor analysis by SPSS PC program(10.0 version). The results were as follows; first, child care teachers' job satisfaction and self-esteem were above average. Second, child care teachers' total job satisfaction was high in high school graduation and married status and their self-esteem was high in over 5 years career, married status, and over 40 years old. Third, the correlation coefficient was -.29 in relation of teacher's job satisfaction and self-esteem. Finally, teachers' self-esteem and demographic variables explained about 622%.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.29-41
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• 2006

The purpose of this research is to study the causal model among mother related variables, child abuse, and children's emotional maladjustment behaviors. The sample subjects were 542 pairs of fifth and sixth grade elementary school students and first as well as eighth grade middle school students, and their mothers. The major findings of the research are as follows: First, the result of multiple regression analysis on the effects of the maternal parenting stress and marital satisfaction to the children's abuse indicates that stress related to learning expectation and stress related to relationship with child are the significant contributing factor to physical abuse and verbal abuse. Second, the result of multiple regression analysis on the effects of the maternal parenting stress and child abuse to the children's emotional maladjustment behaviors indicate that verbal abuse is the significant contributing factor. Third, looking at causal relations of the maternal variables (maternal parenting stress, marital satisfaction) and child abuse (physical abuse, verbal abuse, neglect) to the children's emotional maladjustment behaviors, maternal variables impact indirectly through the child abuse factor.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.33-47
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships and predictor variable between father's child-rearing behaviors and children's sex-role taking, emotional responses and children's prosocial behavior by demographic variables and mother's work status. Subjects were 142 kindergarten children and their mothers in Busan. Three type of measurement were used in this study; (1) Two scales for father's child-rearing behaviors and children's emotional responses, (2) an interview for children's sex-role taking, and (3) amount of candies to share with classmates for children's prosocial behavior. Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test, F-test, multiple regression, Scheffe's post hoc test using the SAS computer program. There were significant correlations between father's child-rearing behaviors and children's sex-role taking, and between father's child-rearing behaviors and children's prosocial behavior. There were significant differences in father's child-rearing behaviors, children's emotional respones, and children prosocial behavior by SES and mother's job. Father's child-rearing behaviors were the most important predictor variables influencing children's sex-role taking and children's prosocial behavior.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.21-40
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• 1999

Path analysis was used to determine variables influencing the self-esteem of 222 4th, 5th, and 6th grade children in law-income families. The children and their mothers responded to questionnaires on self-esteem, child psychological traits, mother psychological characteristics, economic hardship, and child rearing practices. Mothers' warmth-acceptance child rearing behavior was facilitating of children's self-esteem. However, mothers' economic stress had an indirect impact via their depression on decrease in the warmth-acceptance variable. Permissive-nonintervention child rearing behavior decreased the level of children's self-esteem. However, mothers' depression and marital confilct(??) deriving from economic stress increased both rejection-restriction and permissive-nonintervention styles of child rearing. Mothers who experienced much stress due to economic hardship influnced(??) children's perception of their family's poverty and thereby lowered their children's self-esteem.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.17-26
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• 2010

This study aimed to explore psychological separation from parents, family adaptability, and child's adjustment to college, in order to assess general standards and sex difference. It also investigated explaining variables on children's adjustment to college. The study subjects were 243 college students(male students; 123, female students; 120).The data collected from questionnaire were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t test, Pearson's correlation and hierarchical multiple regression. The main results were as follows: Firstly, psychological separation from parents of college students were lower than those of average score. But family adaptability and adjustment to college of students were higher than those of average score. Secondly, psychological separation from parents was negatively correlated to adjustment to college, but family adaptability was positively correlated to adjustment to college. Finally, variables that explain child's adjustment to college was cohavitation with parents and family adaptability. In addition to these variables, psychological separation from parents was a major factor for female students.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.93-108
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• 2001

After-school activities of 817 7th grade children from Kwangju, Busan, and Kumi were studied to determine relations with (a) child, family and contextual variables (b) child's academic achievement and social development. Children were more likely to engage in extracurriculum activites and TV watching than other after-school activities. After-school activities were related to child's, parent's and contextual variables. Child's characteristics related to after-school activities were sex, impulse control, mastery and self-care. family's characteristics related to after-school activities were mother's employment, emotional support, control, monitoring and SES. Region and regional sagy were related to after-school activities. Some of after-school activities were related child's academic achievement and social development. Especially academic activites have a positive and powerful effects on child's academic achievement and social development.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.23-40
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify the paternal role-behavior. Data were collected from questionnares with 270 fathers at the thirties-forties residing in Seoul. The data were analyzed with the SPSS WIN 7.0 package. The major findings were as follows: (1) The general trends of paternal role-behavior showed relatively high(mean=3.60) (2) Paternal role-behavior differed significantly according to their age education level occupation among the demograpic variables (3) Paternal role-behavior differed significantly according to age of oldest child number of sons number of daughters among the family-environmental variables. (4) Paternal role-behavior was correlated with the perceptions on this own father's ways of rearing marital satisfaction job satisfaction experience of bringing up child (5) The result of the regression analysis for the paternal role-behavior the seven variables most affected were as follows; father's role perception(β=3.6) age of oldest child (β= -1.9) experience of bringing up child(β=.19) perception on his own father's nurturance(β=.16) number of child(β=-.16) number of sons(β=-.13) level of income(β=.12)

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2003

The daily hassles of 5-year-old children were explored and analyzed as microsystems in order to discover the relative importance of ecological factors in children's daily hassles. The subjects were 322 children, their mothers and 34 teachers recruited from 5 kindergartens and 15 child-care centers in Seoul and Kyonggido province. Children were interviewed individually with pictures showing certain stressful situations. Questionnaires were administered to mothers and teachers. The findings indicated that the microsystem variables of Kindergartens and child-care centers were the most significant factors explaining children's daily hassles. Therefore, it was suggested that the policies and regulations on child-care facilities be carefully developed and strictly regulated.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.75-91
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between parenting stress, social support and the social development of preschool children in rural areas. The subject included 114 preschool children, along with their mothers, selected from kindergartens and day care centers in rural areas. The instruments included the parenting stress index, social support inventory and the social maturity scale. The statistics used from this data were t-test, one-way ANOYA(Scheffe test), correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. This study showed that maternal parenting stress was influenced significantly by the related variables; gender of child, birth order of child, age of mother, educational attainment of mother, family income, religion, family type. And also, social support was influenced significantly by the above variables. The child's social development was influenced significantly by the variables that related child and the family. Correlation analysis indicated that parenting stress and social development of the child were relatively negative high correlation coefficients. And social support and social development of the child were relatively positive high correlation coefficients. The important factors on predicting social development of the child were found to be birth order of child, age of mother, educational attainment of mother, family income, religion, family type, daily stress, stress of difficult child, stress of parent-child dysfunctional interaction, educational distress, husband support, and other support. Especially stress of difficult child and husband support were important variables that predicted the social development of the preschool children.