• 한국해양학회지
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 1983

A series of sheps-of-opportunity sea sryface temperature (SST) measurement beween Jeju and Wando during a period from December 1979 through June 1981 produced following results. 1. A sihnificantly warm water appeared south of Chuja Island and Cheongsan Island during Island. It is suggested that this water represents a current entering the Jeju Strait from the west. Direction of this currint in other seasons is not certain. 2. Coastal waters were found north of the Cheongsan Island and Bogil Islhnd throughout the measurement period. In February these waters sometimes reached as far as Chuja Island to south. 3. Frequently thermal fronts were observed near the Chuja Island and the Cheongsan Island. 4. In summer cold waters appeared north of the Chuja Island and Changsu Island. Intrusion of cold bottom water from offshore and its subsequent vertical mixing due to strong tidal current are probably reponsible for this appearance. 5. Cold waters also appeared locally around islands and in ghe Jeju Harbor in spring and summer. 6. North-south SST difference reached 8-9$^{\circ}C$ in winter which is the annual maximum. 7. Annual range of SST varies from 12-14$^{\circ}C$ in the central part of the Jeju Strait to 16-20$^{\circ}C$ in coastal waters to north. The highest SST appeared everywhere in September but the lowest one did not appesr in the same month of year.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 1972

The morphological and fine structural changes during the oogensis of Clonorchis sinensis were studied on the developing ovums in the ovary and ootype with electron microscope. Adult worms were removed from the hepar of the which and previously infected with metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis. The ovary including the Mehlis' glands and an ootype from adult worm was prefixed for 1-2 hours in 1.25% glutaraldehyde buffered with 0.2M cacodylate at PH 7.2, secondarily fixed for 30 minutes in potassium bicromate and postfixed for an hour in 1% osmic acid buffered with 0.4M cacodylate at PH 7.2. After fixation tissues were dehydrated in an alcohol series, embedded in Epon 812 from propylene oxide and stained with saturated uranyl acetate and $Pn(NO_3)_2$ solution. Material was examined with a Hitachi HS-7S electron microscope. The periphery of the ovary, except for the posterior region, is made up of oogonia. As the oogonia divide they proliferate primary oocytes toward the central part of the ovary. After a period of growth the primary oocyte leaves the ovary and is penetrated by a sperm in the ootype. Sperm penetration immediately activates the primary oocyte to resume its meiotic activity. After the oocytes meiotic activity is completed, the pronuclei fuse to form a single cleavage nucleus which possesses two nucleoli. As the oocytes develop their cytoplamic materials are abundant; small mitochondria are abundant and often their profiles are more unmerous in one part of the cytoplasm than elsewhere; the granular endoplasmic reticulum becomes alveolar-sac form after it leaves the ovary it becomes stratified form. The reticulate Golgi apparatus is apparent in the developed oocyte. A little of cortical granules are distributed inside of the plasma membrane I oogonia and large quantity of cortical granules are arranged just inside of the plasma membrane of the primary oocyte and after fertilization they are disappeared with broken out.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 1997

Climatic change of the late-Quaternary period has been record-ed in the loess deposits of the central Great plains and the record of such change is extractable using a number of approaches and parameters. The stratigraphy of loess deposits which have been investigated on Fort Riley exhibits the same sequence of loess units and intercalated buried soils as is found elsewhere in the re-gion but adds detail unique to the reservation Upland late-Qua-ternary composite stratigraphy preserved on the reservation con-sists of the basal Sangamon soil of the Last interglacial(c. 120-110ka), Gilman Canyon Formation(c. >40 -20ka), Peoria loess(c. 20 -10ka) Brady soil(c. 11 -10ka) Bignell loess(c. 9-\ulcornerka). and mod-ern surface soil. Application of magnetic analyses has provided proxy data sets that represent a time series of climatically regulated pedogenesis/weathering and botanical composition. magetic data have yielded an impression of the variation in climate from Sangamon time to the late Holocene through a reconstruction of the history of pedogenesis/weathering. Sangamon soil formation dominated the reservation durin the Last interglacial as indicated by magnetic parameters. During Gil-man Canyon time loess influx was usually sufficiently slow as to permit pedogenesis which appears to have been at a maximum twice during that time. Warm season grasses were important dur-ing soil formation but diminished in importance during the peri-ods of more rapid loess fall which were cooler and perhaps wet-ter. Peoria loess fall a function of the deterioration of climate during the last Glacial Maximum thinly blanketed the reservation with thickest accumulations occurring to the north-west(Bala Cemetery site)proximal to the source region. Long-term surface stability did not apparently occur within Peoria time but short-term stability may be indicaed by the presence of thin weathering zones(incipient soils) in the Peoria loess. Re-gional landscape stability prevailed during the environmental shift at the Pleistocene/Holocene transition resulting in forma-tion of the well expressed Brady soil. One or more weak soils developed in the Bignell loess as it ac-cumulated. A notable feature of the Bignell loess is the appear-ance of the Altithermal dry period: the loess experienced little weathering and was dominated by warm season grasses until the latter of the Holocene.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.118-131
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• 2018

The forest vegetation of Juwangsan National Park, which is famous for its towering scenic valleys, was syntaxonomically described. The study adopted the $Z{\ddot{u}}rich$-Montpellier School's method emphasizing a matching between species composition and habitat conditions. A combined cover degree and the r-NCD (relative net contribution degree) were used to determine a performance of 265 plant species listed-up in a total of 52 phytosociological $relev{\acute{e}}s$. Nine plant communities were classified through a series of table manipulations, and their distribution and actual homotoneity($H_{act}$) were analyzed. Syntaxa described were Carex gifuensis-Quercus mongolica community, Athyrium yokoscense-Quercus mongolica communiy, Arisaema amurense-Quercus serrata community, Lespedeza maximowiczii var. tomentella-Quercus variabilis community, Tilia rufa-Quercus dentata community, Carex ciliatomarginata-Carpinus laxiflora community, Aristolochia manshuriensis-Zelkova serrata community, Onoclea orientalis-Fraxinus mandshurica community, and Carex humilis var. nana-Pinus densiflora community. A zonal distribution was reviewed and the altitude of about 700 m was the transition zone between the cool-temperate central montane zone (Lindero-Quercenion mongolicae region) and southern submontane zone (Callicarpo-Quercenion serratae region). Only 19 taxa were associated with r-NCD 10% or more, most of which were tree species occurring in the Lindero-Quercenion and some of which was a member of open forests. Species composition of forest vegetation was much less homogeneous, showing the lowest $H_{act}$. Nearly natural forests and/or secondary forests in the Juwangsan National Park were defined as a regional vegetation type, which reflects much stronger continental climate in the Daegu regional bioclimatic subdistrict, rhyolitic tuff predominant, and wildfire interference.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.54.1-54.1
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• 2016

Multi-wavelength variability is a staple of active galactic nuclei (AGN). Optical variability probes the nature of the central engine of AGN at smaller linear scales than conventional imaging and spectroscopic techniques. Previous studies have shown that optical variability is more prevalent at longer timescales and at shorter wavelengths. Intra-night variability can be explained through the damped random walk model but small samples and inhomogeneous data have made constraining this model hard. To understand the properties and physical mechanism of intra-night optical variability, we are performing the KMTNet Active Nuclei Variability Survey (KANVaS). Using KMTNet, we aim to study the intra-night variability of ~1000 AGN at a magnitude depth of ~19mag in R band over a total area of ${\sim}24deg^2$ on the sky. Test data in the COSMOS, XMM-LSS, and S82-2 fields was obtained over 4, 6, and 8 nights respectively during 2015, in B, V, R, and I bands. Each night was composed of 5-13 epoch with ~30 min cadence and 80-120 sec exposure times. As a pilot study, we analyzed data in the COSMOS field where we reach a magnitude depth of ~19.5 in R band (at S/N~100) with seeing varying between 1.5-2.0 arcsec. We used the Chandra-COSMOS catalog to identify 166 AGNs among 549 AGNs at B<23. We performed differential photometry between the selected AGN and nearby stars, achieving photometric uncertainty ~0.01mag. We employ various standard time-series analysis tools to identify variable AGN, including the chi-square test. Preliminarily results indicate that intra-night variability is found for ~17%, 17%, 8% and 7% of all X-ray selected AGN in the B, V, R, and I band, respectively. The majority of the identified variable AGN are classified as Type 1 AGN, with only a handful of Type 2 AGN showing evidence for variability. The work done so far confirms there are more variable AGN at shorter wavelengths and that intra-night variability most likely originates in the accretion disk of these objects. We will briefly discuss the quality of the data, challenges we encountered, solutions we employed for this work, and our updated future plans.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.31-39
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• 2014

The helical pile is a manufactured steel pile consisting of one or more helix-shaped bearing plates affixed to a central shaft. This pile is installed by rotating the shaft into the ground to support structural loads. The advantages of helical piles are no need for boring or grout process, and ability to install with relatively light devices. The bearing capacity of the helical pile is exerted by integrating the bearing capacity of each helix plate attached to the steel shaft. In this paper, to estimate the bearing capacity of moderate-size helical piles, 6 types of helical piles were constructed with different shaft diameter, plate configuration and the penetration depth. A series of field loading tests was performed to evaluate the effect of helical pile configuration on the bearing capacity of helical pile, constructed in two different shaft diameters (i.e. 73 mm and 114 mm). In the same way, the diameter of bearing plate was also changed from 400mm to 250mm with one or three plates. As well, the penetration depth was varied from 3m to 6m to analyze the relation between the penetration depth and the bearing capacity. As a result, not only the increase of the shaft diameter, but also the number or diameter of helix bearing plates enhances the bearing capacity. Especially the configuration of the helix plate is more critical than the shaft diameter.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2014

Center for Research of Science and Technology ("PUSPIPTEK") has 460 hectares land area, still maintained as a green area with more than 30% green space. There are 47 centers for research and testing technology, technology-based industries, and as well as public supporting facilities in PUSPIPTEK area. Based on the concepts developed to make this area as an ecological region, PUSPIPTEK can be seen as a model of eco-innovation. The purpose of this research is to develop a model of water, energy and waste management with eco-innovation concept. As a new approach in addressing environmental degradation and maintaining the sustainability of ecosystem, studies related to eco-innovation policy that combines the management of water, energy and waste in the region has not been done. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, a series of techniques for collecting data on PUSPIPTEK existing conditions will be carried out, which includes utilities data (water, electricity, sewage) and master plan of this area. The savings over the implementation of the concept of eco-innovation in water, energy, and waste management were calculated and analyzed using quatitative methods. The amount of cost savings and feasibility were then calculated. Eco innovation in water management among other innovations include the provision of alternative sources of water, overflow of rain water and water environments utilization, and use of gravity to replace the pumping function. Eco-innovation in energy management innovations include the use of LED and solar cell for air conditioning. Eco-innovation in waste management includes methods of composting for organic waste management. The research results: (1) The savings that can be achieved with the implementation of eco innovation in the water management is Rp. 3,032,640 daily, or Rp.1,106,913,600 annually; (2) The savings derived from the implementation of eco innovation through replacement of central AC to AC LiBr Solar Powered will be saved Rp.1,933,992,990 annually and the use of LED lights in the Public street lighting PUSPIPTEK saved Rp.163,454,433 annually; (3) Application of eco innovation in waste management will be able to raise awareness of the environment by sorting organic, inorganic and plastic waste. Composting and plastic waste obtained from the sale revenue of Rp. 44,016,000 per year; (4) Overall, implementation of the eco-innovation system in PUSPIPTEK area can saves Rp. 3,248,377,023 per year, compared to the existing system; and (5)The savings are obtained with implementation of eco-innovation is considered as income. Analysis of the feasibility of the implementation of eco-innovation in water, energy, and waste management in PUSPIPTEK give NPV at a 15% discount factor in Rp. 3,895,228,761; 23.20% of IRR and 4.48 years of PBP. Thus the model of eco-innovation in the area PUSPIPTEK is feasible to implement.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.343-369
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• 2001

Understanding of the social perception of biotechnology would facilitate the public awareness and debate over the social implications of biotechnology, leading to strengthened basis for social consensus. As a part of the ELSI (Ehical, Legal and Social Implications) project in Korea, the authors have launched a series of social surveys on the social perception of biotechnology. This article is based on the analysis of the first survey, conducted in October 2001. The data were collected through telephone survey on 500 adult respondents nationwide selected by a stratified sampling method. The survey addresses the following questions: What is the present state of public awareness and attitude toward a variety of medical and social applications of biotechnology, such as genetic testing, prenatal genetic screening and testing, xenotransplant, genetic screening for employment, central collection and management of genetic information, and GM food? What factors are related with this perception? The analysis shows that a majority of respondents are in favor of the medical applications. Concerning the social applications and GM food, however, the respondents express a high level of negative attitude a with significant portion of 'do not know' responses. The public perception of the biotechnology is not crystallized in coherent manner yet. The public perception is strongly influenced by mass media, which tend to deliver rather positive information on biotechnology. The analysis suggests that the production and dissemination of diverse information should be activated to reach a sound decision on controversial issues surrounding the development of biotechnology both at individual and societal level as well.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.31-58
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• 2018

In this study, we empirically investigated the antecedents of crowdfunding success in the arts and cultural field using the case of Tumblbug in Korea. We collected data on 494 projects listed on Tumblebug in the arts and culture category that includes feature film, documentary, short film, animation, and Web series, as of June 2018. We analyzed the factors associated with the final amount raised via crowdfunding on Tumblbug using the hierarchical regression method. We find that the social capital accumulated by a focal entrepreneur (i.e., the proposer/designer of a focal project) through prior participation in other related projects and social communication activities carried out during the funding period, respectively, have positive effects on the final amount raised. More interestingly, we also find that the intensity of social communication plays a central role in the funding success of arts and culture-related projects by supplementing the lack of the entrepreneur's social capital and the reward features including a given project.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.57
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• pp.113-136
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• 2018

Records management refers to a series of activities to achieve the goal of securing transparency in administration and safely preserving and utilizing records. Each process of record management is largely divided into production, preservation and management stage. The reporting system of record production has an important fuction that serves as a bridge between production stage and preservation and management stage. It was established after the enactment of the Act on Records Management of Public Agencies in 1999, to grasp the state of production and management of records of various organizations. Since then the National Archives of Korea(NAK) has been able to rather actively understand the situation of records and acquire them than simply collect them. The Act, which was revised in 2006, regulates electronically automated reporting methods in which the production reporting datas are generated in the record creation system and transferred to the record management system. Despite improvements in the system, electronic reporting methods are being used in part. The 713 public institutions have submitted reports of record production to the NAK in 2017, and this study analyses them of only 47 central administrative agencies, including departments, offices, agencies, and committees. Their reports have 15 forms which consist of production statistics and inventories of 7 types of records including general records, survey, research, review, minutes, shorthand, audiovisual records, secret records, government publications. This suggests implications for improving the reporting system of record production.