• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.28
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• pp.209-233
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• 2012

The animation cluster in Korea has begun as a part of the local cultural cluster in the late 1990s with components of companies, local governments, educational institutions, and human resources, which were necessary to run the cluster. And, the animation cluster was initiated for the purpose of encouraging regional economies, but the basic unit was the local on a small scale. Because of this inherent weakness in the local cluster, it was needed to add some additional strategies that could expand the local animation industry into the formal leading industry. That is why the development policy was set up, and the local promotion agency based on this policy was established. It has been several years to manage the local promotion agency, and it is reported that there have been some visible effects. But, it is found out that analyzing the outcome of small unit cluster on the basis of existing criteria on a large scale is not reliable, which means it is not possible to evaluate the outcome of local cluster in a material way. Some examples of problems are as follows. First, the local cluster was made not autonomously but deliberately. Second, the animation cluster of each province has the same market as its target. Therefore, this research - on the basis of the diamond model - focuses on analyzing the existence and role of local promotion agencies rather than evaluating the outcome itself. Through the cases of two provincial cities, Chuncheon and Bucheon, this research examines if it is possible to evaluate the outcome of local clusters managed by promotion agencies.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 1994

This study was undertaken to clarify the effect of killing methods on physical and rheological changes of plaice, Paralichthys olivaceus muscle at early period after death. Plaices killed by the four different methods(1. spiking at the brain instantly. 2. drowning in air. 3. dipping in 1,000ppm ethylaminobenzoate dissolved sea water as an anesthetic. 4. electrifying in sea water.) were stored at $5^{\circ}C$, and the rigor-index and breaking strength through storage were monitored. The longest onset time of rigor-mortis and full rigor was in the samples killed by dipping in sea water with dissolved anesthetic among all samples, where rigor-mortis began at 20hrs after killing and maximum tension was attained after 56hrs. However, in the cases of plaice electrified in sea water or drowned in air, the onset of rigor-mortis began just after killing and maximum tensions were attained after 9hrs and 13hrs, respectively. The level of breaking strength in the muscle of fish killed by spiking the brain instantly was $950.30{\pm}50.23g$, immediately after killing. The value and time reached around the maximum breaking strength for each of the samples were $1,230.60{\pm}30.32g$ and Ohr (immediately after killing) for samples killed by electrifying in sea water, $1,235.83{\pm}35.37g$ and 2.5hrs for drowning samples, $1,186.29{\pm}55.90g$ and 10hrs for spiking samples, and $1,189.67{\pm}50.32g$ and 15hrs for samples dipped in anesthetic, respectively. From the results above, it could be concluded that electrification in sea water is the most effective method in accelerating rigor-mortis and shortening times of reaching the maximum breaking strength of fresh plaice flesh of all the killing methods at early periods after death, whereas dipping in sea water treated with anesthetic was the most effective way in delaying those changes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.198-204
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• 1988

This study was aimed at obtaining elementary data on enzymatic browning of potato and potato products and examining the inhibitory method of browning. Therefore, we extracted polyphenol oxidase from potatoes(Solanum tubersum L.), and investigates its general properties and inhibiting effects of its activity with the different concentrations of sulfites($Na_2S_2O_4,\;Na_2SO_3{\cdot}7H_2O,\;NaHSO_3$). The optimum pH and temperature of polyphenol oxidase were observed to be 6.5 and $37^{\circ}C$ respectively. The polyphenol oxidase at PH5 was very stable, and the activity of polyphenol oxidase between pH $5.0{\sim}9.0$ was estimated to be relatively high, showing $72{\sim}75%$ of its activity at pH5. The polyphenol oxidase was very stable when heated at $40^{\circ}C$ for one hour, and almost 50% of enzyme activity was decreased when heated at $70^{\circ}C$ for twelve minutes. At 0.1mM concentrating of sulfites the relative activity of polyphenol oxidase was 98% in all the three cases of sulfites. Thus sulfites at 0.1mM concentration was found to have little inhibiting effect on polyphenol oxidase activity. At 1mM concentration of sulfites $NaHSO_3$ showed the lowest 36% relative activity among the three. At 5mM concentration of sulfites, the relative activity of $Na_2SO_3{\cdot}7H_2O$ was the lowest 14%.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 1979

Factors affecting the survival of out planted Cryptomena and Japaneses Cypress seedlings. (I) - Especially on the drying and water soaking duration ­ There are often the cases of poor survival percentage for the economic forest establishments of Cryplomeria japonica D. Don. and Chamaecyparis obtusa End. This study was carried out to investigate the survival factors of both 1-1 seedlings and Cryptomena cutting Seedlings by room drying conditions, day drying conditions, OED green water soaking treatment and drying duration at the forest nursery of Chonnam National University from February to September. 1979. The results are as follows: 1. From 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. fluctuation in then moisture contents(MC) rapidly decreased and M.C. fluctuation in indoor until 5 p.m. showed the same results with the amount of an hour fluctuation in outdoor. 2. M.C. fluctuations between OED green and non-treatment of these seedlings were silghtly different. 3. The survival percentage of OED green and non-treatment of seedlings were highly significant in the room drying conditions and the day drying conditions respectively The effects of water soaking treatment on rooting was negligible. The survival percentage of seedlings of OED green was higher than that of non-treatment. 4. Although survival percentage of Japanese Cypress was almost in accord with Cryptomena, the power of resistance to drying was lower m Japanese Cypress than m Cryptomeria. 5. Compared with Cryptomena seedlings the survival percentage of Cryptomeria cutting seedlings was higher and not influenced at all in case of being drying for two hours; but it was highly significant in interactions between the drying time and the water soaking time. 6. When Cryptomena and Japanese Cypress seedling become drying in indoor for four days, the survival percentage remarkably reduced after two days and also was highly significant among numbers of drying days.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 1994

Paroxetine is a potent and selective serotoin re-uptake inhibitor. It is well known as an effective and safe antidepressant and increasingly used for neurotic or non-psychotic depression with anxiety symptoms. The present study assessed antidepressant and antianxiety efficacy and tolerability of paroxetine against placebo in child-adolescent and adult depressive neurosis patients. 232 subjects aged 8-55 years and meeting DSM-III-R criteria for depressive neurosis or dysthymia were divided into 8 subgroups according to their sex and age(8-11 yeard old, 12-17 years old, 18-35 years old and 36-55 years old subgroup in each male and female group). In each subgroup, the randomly assigned half of the patients were treated with paroxetine(10-30mg/day) and the others with placebo for the first 2 weeks in double blind fashion. After 1 week of drug-washout period, paroxetine and placebo groups were crossed over. The depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed with Hamilton Depression Scale(HDS) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAS) at baseline and every 1 week during the trial periods. The levels of reduction in HDS and HAS scores from baseline after 2-week trial were compared between paroxetine- and placebo- treated periods by paired t-test. In all the 8 subgroups, statistically significant differences between paroxetine and placebo were found on the antidepressant efficacy after 2-week treatment. The antidepressant efficacy of paroxetine compared to placebo was most prominent in child and adolescent female groups. On anxiety symptoms, paroxetine was also significantly more effective than placebo. The antianxiety efficacy of paroxetine compared to placebo was most prominent in male and female child groups and young adult female group aged 18-35 years. As for the adverse effects of paroxetine, 3 out of 232 subjects reported mild indigestion and abdominal pain. however, in all the 3 cases, the symptoms improved without reduction of dosage or discontinuation of the drug. In conclusion, paroxetine showed significantly higher antidepressant and antianxiety efficacy compared to placebo in child-adolescent and adult depressive neurosis patients after 2-week treatment. Further trials of paroxetine in depressive neurosis are warranted to elucidate the long-term antidepressant and antianxiety efficacy of paroxetine.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.407-420
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• 2014

A survey was carried out regarding university students' recognition of high-caffeine energy drinks in an effort to identify and improve problems as well as provide basic data. Most of the subjects had previous experience of energy drink consumption. Studies showed that most students consumed energy drinks when studying. Regarding frequency of energy drink consumption, most students' responded "1~6 times a year"; female students showed lower frequency of energy drink consumption than male students. Both male and female students used convenience stores to purchase energy drinks. In most cases, students became aware of energy drinks through advertisements on TV, radio, newspapers, and magazines. The most important factor affecting their energy drink purchase and consumption status was taste. The most frequent adverse effect they experienced after drinking an energy drink was unusual heart-pounding, whereas the biggest problem caused by energy drink consumption was addiction. This study indicates that students should have a better understanding of the problems associated with excessive and prolonged high-caffeine intake. In addition, instructions for proper purchasing and consumption of high-caffeine energy drinks should be provided as well as education and campaigns concerning symptoms caused by high-caffeine energy drink consumption so that students may refrain from excessive consumption. Further, civil organizations and the government need to devise effective measures for proper regulation of high-caffeine energy drink consumption.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.14
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• pp.1-30
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• 2001

To prevent the VAT evasion and to form a sound VAT paying culture, we can draw the policy directions for government as follows: First, it is necessary to strengthen the tax supervision of small business and the administration of tax sources of cash-income industry. Second, the tax-deductible rate of the received tax invoices should be increased in a short-term base, and a simplified taxation system should be abolished in a long-term base. Third, in cases a trader has not received a tax invoice, an additional tax should be applied. Forth, to issue the tax invoice faster and conveniently, it is requested to introduce a new system which issues electronic card of registration when a businessman applies for his/her business registration. Fifth, to make tax standard transparent, it is desirable to punish the violator, relating to credit card regulations, stricter than present and to enforce the electronic bookkeeping. Sixth, for the reduction of noncompliance rate and creating a climate for autonomous, faithful tax return, it is necessary to expand and intensify tax investigation. And also it is necessary to make the level of penalty tax higher up and the level of criminal punishment less down, to keep up tax audit coverage. Seventh, a trader who is eligible for simplified taxation, whose tax base is under 12,000 thousand won, should not be required to pay the value added tax. But it is desirable to cut down them for the fairness of tax burden. Eighth, the effective date of the revised tax law should be fixed. Ninth, it is necessary to reinforce publicity and to educate on tax system and administration, for reducing tax evasion or tax avoidance and encouraging faithful tax return. Tenth, as the tendency of VAT evasion of distribution industry turns out to be the highest, it is requested not only to intensify tax administration on them but also to establish system and incentives, for introducing information system in distribution industry(introducing POS system, computerization of transaction record, establishing EDI between traders).

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.60-65
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• 2014

Purpose: To diagnose soft tissue tumor, such as lipoma and Schwannoma, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is sufficient in most cases. However, various characteristics are found in MRI images of Schwannoma, thus other type of tumors are often misdiagnosed as Schwannoma with MRI images. In this study, we evaluate the diagnostic value of specific MRI findings of Schwannoma. Materials and Methods: From January 2002 to May 2013, 104 patients who are suspected as Schwannoma rith MRI images are included in data, and the final diagnosis is confirmed with biopsy. Patients are divided into group 1 and group 2 who are confirmed as Schwannoma and other disease with biopsy, respectively. Results: 92 patients were diagnosed as Schwannoma (group 1) and 12 patients were diagnosed as other disease (group 2). We investigate the diagnostic value of specific MRI findings of Schwannoma. 41 patients of group 1 (45%) and 0 patients of group 2 (0%) showed target sign, 47 patients of group 1 (51%) and 2 patients of group 2 (17%) showed fascicular sign, 44 patients of group 1 (48%) and 5 patients of group 2 (42%) showed fat split sign, 28 patients of group 1 (30%) and 1 patients of group 2(9%) showed nerve entering and exiting sign, and 8 patients of group 1 (9%) and 6 patients of group 2 (50%) showed none of four specific findings on their MRI images. 52 patients of group 1 (57%) and 5 patients of group 2 (42%) have tumors on the pathway of nerve. Target sign could be considered as the best diagnostic value of the sign we investigate (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although specific MRI findings have powerful diagnostic value, patients are often misdiagnosed as Schwannoma with MRI findings. Therefore, if patients who are suspected as Schwannoma based on MRI findings have no target sign on their MRI images, we should consider the possibility of other disease.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.699-708
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• 2009

Recently as the interest in the development of domestic ore deposits has increased, we can easily find some studies on exploration geophysics-based ore-deposit survey in literature. Based on the fact that mineralized zone are generally more conductive than surrounding media, electrical resistivity survey among several geophysical surveys has been applied to investigate metallic ore deposits. Most of them are grounded on 2-D survey. However, 2-D inversion may lead to some misinterpretation for 3-D geological structures. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of the 3-D electrical resistivity survey to 3-D vein-type ore deposits. We first simulate 2-D dipole-dipole survey data for survey lines normal to the strike and 3-D pole-pole survey data, and then perform 3-D inversion. For 3-D ore-body structures, we assume a width-varying dyke, a wedge-shaped, and a fault model. The 3-D inversion results are compared to 2-D inversion results. By comparing 3-D inversion results for 2-D dipole-dipole survey data to 3-D inversion results for 3-D pole-pole survey data, we could note that the 2-D dipole-dipole survey data yield better inversion results than the 3-D pole-pole data, which is due to the main characteristic of the pole-pole array. From these results, we are convinced that if we have certain information on the direction of the strike, it would be desirable to apply 2-D dipole-diple survey for the survey lines normal to the strike. However, in most cases, we do not have any information on the direction of the strike, because we already developed the ore deposit with the outcrops and the remaining ore deposits are buried under the surface. In that case, performing 3-D pole-pole electrical resistivity survey would be a reasonable choice to obtain more accurate interpretation on ore body structure in spite of low resolution of pole-pole array.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2007

Purpose: DNA methylation is an important epigenetic factor in tumorigenesis. We hypothesized that polymorphism of the promoter of the DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b) genes, which are responsible for regulating the methylation status of tumor suppressor genes, are associated with increased risk of gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: In this hospital-based case-control study, to determine the role of this polymorphism of the promoter of DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b) genes in gastric cancer, we genotyped 176 cases and 70 control subjects. To determine the genotype, we used a polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. We compared alleles and genotypes between the two groups and revealed an association of DNMT3b promoter polymorphism with increased risk of gastric cancer in the Korean population. Results: Genotype frequencies were 14.8% (Cytosine-Cytosine), 71.6% (Cytosine-Thymine), and 13.6% (Thymine- Thymine) in the case patients and 40.0% (Cytosine-Cytosine), 42.9% (Cytosine-Thymine), and 17.1% (Thymine-Thymine) in the control subjects, respectively. Compared with CC homozygotes, CT heterozygotes had a 4.523-fold increased risk (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 2.324~8.803), and the TT homozygotes had a 2.154-fold elevated risk (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.899~85.165). For the T variant genotype (CT+TT), there was a 3.846-fold increased risk (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 2.040~7.251). However, no significance was observed in the genotype distributions of both polymorphisms according to histopathology, stage of stomach cancer. The Ssame results were observed with Helicobacter infection. Conclusion: DNMT3b promoter polymorphism, especially the T variant genotype, is associated significantly with thean increased risk of gastric cancer.