• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.610-627
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to compare the caries activity and cariogenic factors in children in different residence areas. The subjects of the study were 268 kindergarten children who were selected from the downtown area(D), apartment area(A), suburban area(S), and rural area(R) in and around the city of Iksan, Korea. Caries activity was measured as past caries experience (dft index and dfs index) and salivary reductase activity (Resazurin Disc Test scores). Cariogenic factors were investigated by a questionnaire. The results were as follows: Reductase activity S > R > D > A dt index R, S > D, A ft index D - the highest dft index A - the lowest ds index R - the highest fs index D - the highest Toothbrushing frequency A - the highest, R - the lowest Toothbrushing before bed D, A > S, R Toothbrushing by parents S, R > A, D Sweets intake freqeuncy A - the highest, S - the lowest Distance to dental office D < A < S < R Dental treatment experience D - the highest, A - the lowest Flouride application rate D > S > R > A Sealant application rate D > A, S > R Birth order A, S > R, D Age D > S > R, A

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.15-18
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• 1981

The author had selected the roots and root-canal as measurable parts and sought the area ratio by measuring the respective areas of the root. Further, heplotted out a root caual index and studied the correlation with age. The teeth used as reserch material were permanent maxillary central incisors of Korean female. Some 296 teeth of known age were selected on condition that there is no caries or filling material and that they were not malformed in showing normal signs in roentgenograms. The $3" {\times} 4"$ printing paper so as to measure easily. On the ocassion of measureing the area of measured parts with a planimeter (Koizumi, type kp-27, Japan), the cervical lines were joined up into a straight line on a photograph (Figure 1) Root canal index = Area of the root / Area of the root canal The results of the root canal index in Korean female age groups were as follows : 1. The root canal index of maxilary central incisor in women was 4.74 im 20 years of age, 5.44 in 30, 5.90 in 40, 6.32 in 50, 6.63 in 60 in the order. 2. Root canal index and age were in positive correlation ; there was a tendency that the root canal index increase as age advances. 3. The regression equation was as follows : Y = 5.36x + 7.71 (r = 0.54, n= 296 ) (Y = estimated age, x = root canal index)

• 지적과 국토정보
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.35-51
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• 2022

본 연구는 해당 지자체의 전체 건축물중 시가화구역 내에 건축물이 얼마나 집중하고 있는지를 조사하였고 이를 '건축물 시가화집중도'라는 용어로 처음 사용하였다. 경북의 각 시군에 대하여 건축물 시가화집중도를 조사한 결과 건축물 시가화집중도가 낮을수록 노인인구 비율이 높으며 지자체의 주민 1인당 일반회계 지출액도 많은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 건축물 시가화집중도가 도시쇠퇴 정도와 도시재정의 효율성을 가늠할 수 있는 하나의 지표가 될 수 있음을 확인하였고 향후 축소도시계획 수립에 필요한 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2007년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.243-248
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• 2007

This study proposed a procedure to improve the error defection of attached cadastral maps using digital map data. In addition, this study also provided the direction for the accuracy improvement of attached cadastral maps by comparing analysis methods. - such as centroid, Lee Sallee shape index, and area index. The analysis is performed as follows. First, by using centroid measurement, the center point of cadastral maps and attached cadastral maps are compared. Secondly by using Lee Sallee shape measurement, the location accuracy of range area is investigated. Thirdly, by using area measurement, the range area within allowable error scope is verified. Based on analysis, the discrepancy between cadastral maps and the attacked cadastral maps are detected as follows; 98.2% from Lee Sallee shape index, 41.8% from centroid, 15.4% from area index in the whole error.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.167-179
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• 2011

Objectives: In this study, we used with visceral fat area(VFA)/subcutaneous fat area(SFA) ratio(V/S ratio) and bioelectrical impedence analysis(BIA) for a comparative study between VFA measured from several abdominal computed tomography(CT) images and obesity indexes, such as body mass index(BM), waist circumference(WC), and waist-hip ratio(WHR). Methods: A group of 63 test subjects were gathered in the oriental medical hospital of Kyung-Won university. BIA for body composition and body size for obesity indexes were estimated to evaluate the obesity indexes. Pearson correlation coefficients and regression analysis were used to select useful obesity index. Results: The VFA-CT was significantly related to BMI, SFA, WC, hip circumference(HC), body fat mass(BFM), basal metabolic rate(BMR), and VFA-BIA. Especially, we found that the VFA-BIA and BMI were significantly correlated to VFA-CT. Conclusions: VFA-BIA index is an optimized index for diagnosis and evaluation of obesity. Finally, we found that the BMI is optimized to represent VFA.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.287-301
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• 2020

Fragility as one of the most effective methods to evaluate seismic performance, which is greatly affected by damage index. Taking a multi span continuous rigid frame offshore bridge as an example. Based on fragility and reliability theory, considering coupling effect of time-varying durability damage of materials and time-varying attenuation effect of damage index to analyze seismic performance of offshore bridges. Results show that IDA curve considering time-varying damage index is obviously below that without considering; area enclosed by IDA of 1# pier and X-axis under No.1 earthquake considering this effect is 96% of that without considering. Area enclosed by damage index of 1# pier and X-axis under serious damage with considering time-varying damage index is 90% of that without considering in service period. Time-varying damage index has a greater impact on short pier when ground motion intensity is small, while it has a great impact on high pier when the intensity is large. The area enclosed by fragility of bridge system and X-axis under complete destruction considering time-varying damage index is 165% of that without considering when reach designed service life. Therefore, time-varying attenuation effect of damage index has a great impact on seismic performance of bridge in service period.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.73-94
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• 1996

This study was aimed for evaluating the validity of relative-productivity index on the basis of working hour(RPHW index) designed by author as new productivity index and drawing up a plan of bettering productivity to cope with financial difficulty of dental laboratories. Fortyeight dental laboratories extracted by cluster-sampling method form all the dental laboratories in Seoul were subjected for this study. And in each of them, the term of establishment which was divied into three group as short-term, mid-term and long-term group, the scale of dental laboratory which as divided into two group by number of dental technician as small-scale group and large-scale group, the salary system which was composed of salary criteria, pay according to ablility criteria and collectiveagree, the salary level, simple labor productivity index(SLP index), relative-productivity index on the basis of worker number(ROWN) and relative-productivity index on the basis of working hour(RPWH index) were surveyed through the self-administractive questionaires. The results as follows : Most of dental laboratories(93.6%) were managed by non-professional managers. The establishment rate per year of dental laboratory was the increase. The mean number of employees of dental laboratories was $7.00{\pm}3.90$ person. The ratio of smallscale group(under the 5 employees) was 42.6% and as the term of establishment was shorter, the ratio of small-scale group was higher. The mean establishment area of dental laboratories was $24.49{\pm}10.97$ unit and the mean establishment area per head of dental laboratories was $4.05{\pm}3.90$ unit. The estabilshment area and area per head were not significantly associted with the term of establishment, but as the term of establishment was shorter, the estabkishment area per head was slightly wider. The establishment area per head in small-scale group was significantly wider than large-scale group(over the 6 emplayees) The salary criteria(54.4%), pay according to ability(79.2)m ability criteria(77.1%) and collectiveagree(79.2%) as salary systems were used in the most of all dnetal laboratoies. The all salary systems were not significantly associated with the term of establishment and the scale of dental laboratories. The monthly mean salary level of dental laboratoies was $125.64{\pm}31.06$ milion won. The monthly salary level was not significantly associated with the term of establishment and the scale of dental laboratores. But the monthly salary level in the short-term group and the small-scale group were slightly lower than others. The SLP index, the RPWN index and the RPWH index of dental laboratories were $132.16{\pm}48.41$, $382.41{\pm}128.76$ and $76.06{\pm}25.11$, respectively. The SLP, the RPWN and the RPWH of dental laboratories were not significantly associated with the term SLP, the RPWN and the RPWH of dental laboratories were significantly associated with the area of dental laboratory and the salary level. Except for only the association salary criteria among salary system with RPWH of dental laboratories, all other salary system were not associated with the SLP, the RPWN and the RPWH of dental laboratories.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.285-295
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• 1989

This report is results of an investigation on the secondary succession and species diversity of the burned area. Fifty hectares of pine forest was burned by the crown fire of the spring (April 6) 1986. The results obtained from spring 1989 were summarized as follows: In the burned area , site and unburned area (U), the vascular plant fo 69 kinds, 49 kinds and 24 kinds were lsted respectively. The life form spectrum of burned area was H---e type, which is common type in most burned area and that unburned area, H---e type. The species diversity (H)and evenness index (e) of burned area (, site) were H=2.51, 1.65 and e=0.59, 0.44 and those of unburned area (U) were H=1.28 and e=0.40. The similarity index was the value of 0.594 in - and 0.236 in -U site. The similarity between and site was greater than between site and U site, and that between and U-site, The dominance index (c) of , and U-site was 0.16, 0.39 and 0.42 respectively. The succession degree (DS) of , and U-site was 244.0, 227.6 and 854.4 respectively. Soil pH, available phosphorous, and exchangeable potassium in the burned area were higher than those in the unburned area, and total nitrogen, organic carbon, and C/N ratio in the burned area were higher than those in the unburned area, and organic matter in the burned area was higher than that in the unburned area.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.113-127
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• 2005

토지이용 강도가 높은 도시비오톱을 대상으로 조류다양성 확보를 위한 비오톱 면적지수의 활용방안에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 이 연구의 목적은 비오톱 평가지표들사이의 상관관계를 살펴보고 조류다양성을 보호하기 위한 비오톱 평가지표를 개발하여 생태적으로 건전한 도시비오톱의 효과적인 복원방법을 계획하는 데 있다. 도시 비오톱에서 조류 다양성에 영향을 주는 평가지수의 분석을 위해서, 각각의 사이트에 대해 비오톱 면적, 곤충종수, 인접도로와의 거리, 비오톱 면적지수를 조사하였다. 결론적으로, 비오톱평가 지수들 사이의 상관관계는 다음과 같은 결과가 나타났다. 조류종수와 곤층종수 > 조류종수와 비오톱 면적지수 > 곤충종수와 비오톱 면적지수 다시말해, 조류다양성은 실질적으로 곤충종수와 비오톱 면적지수에 의해 영향을 받는다. 결과로부터 얻어진 등식은 조류종수는 6.124 $\times$ 비오톱면적지수 + 0.095 $\times$ 곤충종수 - 1.197 이다. 그러므로, 비오톱면적지수와 곤충을 위한 수직적 경관다양성이 유지된다면, 작은 면적의 비오톱이라 할지라도 도시지 역에서 조류다양성을 증진시키는 데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.223-232
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• 2002

자연생태계의 보전을 위한 지역구분을 위하여 백두대간(피재-도래기재) 구간을 조사한 식생조사 자료를 바탕으로 식생의 보전가치를 식생지수라는 것으로 수치화하는 방법을 제시해 보고자 한다. 식생지수는 생물다양성, 임분의 보전가치, 환경의 청정성, 임분의 역사성 입지의 생산성 등을 바탕으로 수치화하였다. 식생지수는 백두대간 관리범위 설정에 이용될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다. 식생지수 I의 경우 총 113개의 조사지 중에서 59개 지역 52.2%가 핵심지역에 속하고, 34개 지역 30.1%, 20개 지역 17.7%가 각각 완충지역과 전이지역에 속하는 것으로 나타났다. 식생지수II의 경우 49개 지역 43.4%가 핵심지역에 속하고, 38개 지역 33.6%, 26개 지역 23.0%가 각각 완충지역과 전이지역에 속하는 것으로 나타났다.