• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: Garlic (Allium sativum) contains polyphenols and sulfur compounds that are recognized as antioxidant, antithrombotic, anticancer, antibacterial, antimicrobial, nematicidal, and insecticidal activity. For this reason, the Environmentally-friendly Agriculture Promotion Act allowed the garlic extract as commercial biopesticide material for crop protection, nine commercial biopesticides containing A. sativum extract have been marketed in Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: The determination of allylmethyl sulfide (AMS), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), and dipropyl sulfide (DPS) in biopesticides containing A. sativum extract was developed and validated by gas chromatography (GC) mass spectrometry (MS) with head-space sampler. The developed method was validated, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) and recovery rates of AMS, DMDS, and DPS were 0.08, 0.32, and 0.09 mg/L and 90.3-91.3, 86.2-88.3, and 87.6-89.5%, respectively. From the nine commercial biopesticide samples, contents of AMS, DMDS, and DPS were analyzed using the developed method and results showed

• Mycobiology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.173-177
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• 2008

The crude ethanol extracts (stem and fruits), their fractions and two triterpenes, $\beta$-Amyrin and 12-Oleanene 3$\beta$, 21$\beta$-diol, isolated as a mixture from the chloroform soluble fraction of an ethanolic extract of Duranta repens stem, were evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal activities by the disc diffusion method and cytotoxicity by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The structures of the two compounds were confirmed by IR, $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR and LC-MS spectral data. The chloroform soluble fraction of stem and ethanol extract of fruits possess potent antishigellosis activity and also exhibited moderate activity against some pathogenic bacteria and fungi but the isolated compound 1 (mixture of $\beta$-Amyrin and 12-Oleanene 3$\beta$, 21$\beta$-diol) showed mild to moderate inhibitory activity to microbial growth. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the extracts (stem and fruits), their fractions and compound 1 were found to be in the range of 32$\sim$128 ${\mu}g/ml$. The chloroform soluble fractions of stem and ethanol extract of fruit showed significant cytotoxicity with $LC_{50}$ value of 0.94 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 0.49 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively against brine shrimp larvae.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2020

Coix lacryma-jobi (Hanjeli) is known to posses anti-microbial properties. Therefore, phytochemical compounds of C. lacryma-jobi have been studied to produce novel antimicrobial agents as treatments against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.The objective of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of the C. lacryma-jobi oil against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. The phytochemical composition of the oil was determined via gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). Moreover, agar disk and agar well diffusion were employed to screen the antibacterial activity of the oil. An agar well diffusion test was implemented to determinate MIC's (minimum inhibitory concentrations). Dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropylester, 1,3-dioctanoin, N-methoxy-N-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thiopyran6-carboxamide, propanamide, 5-Amino-1-(quinolin-8-yl)-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide, and pyridine were identified in the C. lacryma-jobi oil. The MIC value of the oil was 0.031 g/L and the MBC of the oil was 0.125 g/L effective in all test bacteria. Dodecanoic acid displayed inhibitory activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, our research demonstrated C. lacryma-jobi (Hanjeli) oil exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and B. subtilis. These research suggest that C. lacryma-jobi root oil could be used for medicinal purposes; however clinical and in vivo tests must be performed to evaluate its potential as an antibacterial agent.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.72-76
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• 1972

2,2'-methylene bis(3,4,6-trichloroacetoxy benzene)을 모체로 한 7가지 hydroxyamine 유도체의 13가지 균주에 대한 항균성을 paper disk method와 tube dilution method에 의하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) hydroxyamine유도체 중에서 -OH기가 meta위치에 있는 유도체가 다른 유도체보다 항균력이 강하고, para위치에 -OH기가 있는 화합물은 전연 어느 균에도 항균력이 없으며, para위치에 있는 -OH기의 H대신에 $CH_{3-}$기가 치환된 유도체도 항균력이 별로 강하지가 않았다. 2) $-NH\;OH,\;-NH\;CH_2\;CH_2OH$ 및 $-N\;(CH_2\;CH_2\;OH)_2$화합물 중에서 -NH OH화합물이 가장 강하고 나머지 두 화합물은 몇 가지 균주에 대하여 약간의 항균력을 나타내었다. 3) 모든 합성화합물 중에서 -NH OH화합물의 항균력이 제일 강했으며 Brevibacterium ammoniagenes에 대한 M.I.C.는 $1.6{\mu}g/ml$이며, S. aureus와 Bacillus subtilis에 대한 M.I.C.는 $5{\mu}g/ml$이었다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.445-450
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• 2019

최근 화장품을 사용하는 소비자들이 원료 안전성에 관심이 크다. 그 중에서도 천연방부제에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있으며 파라벤류 방부제를 배제한 화장품에 대한 수요가 증가함에 따라 합성 방부제를 항균성의 에센셜 오일로 대체하는 방안이 고려되고 있다. 에센셜 오일의 항균 효과는 주요 활성 화합물 사이의 성분, 농도 및 상호작용에 따라 달라진다. 효과적인 방부제는 최소 농도에서도 광범위한 균주에 대한 항균 활성이 있어야 한다. 모든 방부제는 농도가 증가할수록 피부 자극, 알레르기 반응을 일으킬 수 있음을 고려해야 한다. 소비자들은 천연 유래 에센셜 오일은 안전하다고 인지하고 있으나, 일부는 접촉 알레르기나 광독성 반응을 일으킬 수 있으므로 주의해야 한다. 이처럼 천연방부제 또한 최대의 방부효과와 낮은 독성의 균형을 잡는 것이 중요하며, 본 논문은 항균 특성에 초점을 맞춘 에센셜 오일에 대한 특징, 화장품 방부제로서의 효능과 안전성에 대해 기술한다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2019

Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) is an edible wild mushroom with tough fruiting body that belongs to the family Polyporaceae. It is used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of ulcer, anaemia, cough and fever. Recent studies have demonstrated its anticancer, anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties. However, little or no information is available regarding the bioactive components and toxicological study of wild dried L. squarrosulus. Therefore, this study investigated the bioactive components of aqueous extract of boiled wild dried L. squarrosulus and its toxicological effects in rats. The extract of L. squarrosulus was subjected to GC-MS analysis. The acute toxicity test was performed by oral administration of a single dose of up to 5,000 mg/kg extract of L. squarrosulus. In subacute study, the rats were orally administered extract of L. squarrosulus at the doses of 500, 1,000 and 1,500 mg/kg body weight daily for 14 days. The haematological, lipid profile, liver and kidney function parameters were determined and the histopathology of the liver and kidney were examined. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of bioactive compounds; 1-tetradecene, fumaric acid, monochloride, 6-ethyloct-3-yl ester, 9-eicosene, phytol, octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine and 3-trifluoroacetoxypentadecane. In acute toxicity study, neither death nor toxicity sign was recorded. In the sub-acute toxicity study, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed on creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Whilst no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed on packed cell volume, heamoglobin, red blood cell, white blood cell and alkaline phosphatase, in all the tested doses. No histopathological alterations were recorded. Our findings revealed that aqueous extract of L. squarrosulus may have antimicrobial, antinocieptive and antioxidant properties based on the result of GC-MS analysis. Results of the toxicity test showed no deleterious effect at the tested doses, suggesting that L. squarrosulus is safe for consumption at the tested doses.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.258-267
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 탈지유와 두유 내에서 Enterobacter aerogenes CIH05의 증식과 바이오제닉 아민(biogenic amines, BA) 생성량에 대한 유산균의 영향을 조사하는 것이다. 갓김치로부터 분리된 Lactobacillus acidophilus GK20, Lactobacillus paracasei GK74 및 Lactobacillus planatrum GK81은 탈카르복시화 배지 상에서 BA를 생성하지 않았다. 탈지유와 두유 내에서 L. paracasei GK74에 의해 가장 많은 생균수와 항균 물질 생성량이 측정되었고, 반면 L. plantarum GK81은 다른 균주들에 비해 유의하게 낮은 균수와 항균 물질을 생산하였다. 유산, 과산화수소 및 박테리오신의 생산량은 Lactobacillus의 균종과 배지 종류에 의존하였다. 유산균과 유사하게 E. aerogenes CIH05도 단독 배양 시 두유보다 탈지유에서 더 많은 균수가 측정되었다. 탈지유와 두유 내에서 L. acidophilus GK20이나 L. paracasei GK74와 혼합 배양하거나 박테리오신 용액(300 AU/ml)을 처리했을 때 E. aerogenes CIH05의 균수가 유의하게 감소되었고 히스타민과 카다베린의 생성도 효과적으로 억제되었다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2019

수증기증류 추출법에 의한 미국산 길초근(Valeriana officinalis)의 구성성분을 알아보기 위해 GC-MS 분석을 수행한 결과, 주요 성분이 patchouli alcohol (18.69%) 및 ${\beta}$-gurjunene (15.26%)인 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 길초근 정유의 살비활성 및 항균활성을 알아보기 위해 작은소피참진드기 및 긴털가루응애에 대하여 접촉독성법을 실시하였고, 식중독균 8 종에 대하여 agar disc diffusion법을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 긴털가루응애 성충에 대하여 $28.01{\mu}g/cm^2$의 $LD_{50}$값을 나타내었으며, 작은소피참진드기 유충 및 약충에 대하여 각각 178.26 및 $207.98{\mu}g/cm^2$의 $LD_{50}$ 값을 나타내었다. 또한 식중독균은 8종 균주에 대하여 항균활성을 나타내었으며, 특히 L.monocytogenes에 대하여 우수한 항균활성을 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 수증기증류 추출법에 의한 길초근 정유가 살비제 및 항생제로서의 가치가 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.14-23
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• 2021

Objectives: Pastinaca sativa (parsnip), is a plant with nutritional and medicinal properties which has been used in all over the world and study about it is rare. In Persian Medicine parsnip is named as zardak and has many uses such as laxative, libido enhancer, kidney stone crusher and diuretic. Because the wide traditional usage of parsnip, in this review the composition and pharmacological properties of this plant are discussed. Methods: Some data base such as Cochrane, Scopus, PubMed were searched up to 2018 for studies about Pastinaca sativa. In this review study after consider to exclusion criteria, all of the English review and clinical trial were included. Results: Finally, 46 articles were selected for extraction data about the parsnip. Data extraction based on these studies the most important active ingredients of parsnip include coumarins, furanocoumarins, polyacetylenes, essential oils and flavonoids. Different studies determined that Pastinaca sativa has pharmacological effects in CNS, respiratory, gastrointestinal, liver, skin, cardiovascular and urogenital diseases. Conclusion: The most important active ingredients in Pastinaca sativa are furanocoumarins, flavonoids and polyacetylenes, and it has many pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, vasodilator, antifungal, antimicrobial and antidepressant. A main mentioned side effect of parsnip is phototoxicity that was usually reported in direct skin contact. However, family and Some properties and compounds of Pastinaca sativa and Daucus carota are similar but carrots are very popular nowadays. Due to abundant active components and few clinical studies of parsnip, more Studies are recommended to evaluate the effects of it.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.543-551
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• 2021

Nocardiopsis species produce bioactive compounds, such as antimicrobial and anti-cancer agents and toxins. However, no reports have described their anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects during nasal polyp (NP) formation. In this study, we investigated whether marine-derived bacterial Nocardiopsis sp. 13G027 exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced NP-derived fibroblasts (NPDFs). Nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) levels were analyzed. Extract from Nocardiopsis sp. 13G027 significantly inhibited the upregulation of NO and PGE₂ in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages was evaluated; smooth muscle alpha-actin (α-SMA), collagen type I (Col-1), and fibronectin also phosphorylated small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) 2 and 3 in TGF-β1-stimulated NPDFs. The Nocardiopsis sp. 13G027 extract suppressed the phosphorylation of MAPKs and Akt and the DNA-binding activity of activator protein 1 (AP-1). The expression of pro-fibrotic components such as α-SMA, Col-1, fibronectin, and SMAD2/3 was inhibited in TGF-β1-exposed NPDFs. These findings suggest that Nocardiopsis sp. 13G027 has the potential to treat inflammatory disorders, such as NP formation.