• Advances in nano research
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.95-102
• /
• 2020

In this work the properties of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) synthesized by electrochemical method using different water-alcohol proportions and alcohols have been investigated. The syntheses were carried out using 99% iron foils acting electrodes in a 0.04 M NaCl solutions at room temperature applying 22 mAcm^-2 on the working electrode, mostly obtaining magnetite nanoparticles. The impact of the electrolyte in the size of the synthesized MNPs has been evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), chronopotentiometric studies, and magnetic characterization. The results have shown that nanoparticles can be obtained in the range of 6 to 26 nm depending on the type of alcohol and the proportions in the mixture of water-alcohol. The same trend has been observed for all alcohols. As the proportion of these in the medium increases, the nanoparticles obtained are smaller in size. This trend is maintained until a certain proportion of alcohol: 50% for methanol, and 60% for the rest of alcohols, proportions where obtaining a single phase of magnetite is not favored.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.82-90
• /
• 2018

The term "hangover" refers to symptoms such as headache, heartburn, nausea, and dizziness caused by acetaldehyde created through alcohol decomposition in the body after alcohol intake. Many scientists have conducted research on diverse drugs, foods, and medicinal herbs aimed at eliminating hangovers. However, research on metabolism to objectively verify or measure their effects on hangover symptoms has been lacking. Accordingly, in this study, deep sea water minerals were administered orally at varying concentrations to rats that consumed alcohol, and changes in the levels of amino acids in their bodies were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to gauge the minerals' effects on hangover symptoms. Thus far, biochemical research on hangover cures has been confined to basic research measuring changes in the levels of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase as well as in the concentrations of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and acetate using spectroscopes such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits or gas chromatography-mass spectrometers. In comparison, this study presents pharmacokinetic research that simultaneously tracked biomaterials including amino acids and organic acids, metabolites associated with hangover, to clarify hangover mechanisms more specifically. In addition, this study examined hangover mechanisms without an external supply of tracked materials not overlapping with alcohol metabolism-related materials, such as external amino acids and sugars.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.42 no.8
• /
• pp.482-485
• /
• 2009

The effect of water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica DC) extract in eliminating ethanol was evaluated in New Zealand white rabbit and ICR mice. When a hot-water extract of water dropwort extract and ethanol was injected into New Zealand white rabbit, the plasma ethanol level was rapidly reduced, similar to metadoxine treatment. Specifically, the n-butanol fraction of hot-water extract was the strongest in eliminating plasma alcohol in ICR mice. When ethanol was orally ingested, administration of the hot-water extract eliminated up to 44% of the plasma ethanol in mice while the n-butanol fraction eliminated around 70%. Alcohol removal behaved in a dose-dependent manner in response to 50-200 mg/kg of n-butanol fraction. These data show O. javanica extract is effective in overcoming alcohol intoxication by the accelerating ethanol metabolism.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.18 no.9
• /
• pp.1017-1021
• /
• 1997

Solvolyses of p-methoxyphenyl chloroformate in water, D2O, CH3OD, 50% D2O-CH3OD, and in aqueous binary mixtures of acetone, ethanol and methanol are investigated at 25.0 ℃. Product selectivities are reported at 25 ℃ for a wide range of ethanol-water and methanol-water solvent compositions. The Grunwald-Winstein plots of first-order rate constants for p-methoxyphenyl chloroformate with YCl (based on 1-adamantyl chloride) show marked dispersions into three separate curves for the three aqueous mixtures with a small m value and a rate maximum for aqueous alcohol solvents. Third-order rate constants, kww, kaw, kwa and kaa were calculated from the observed kww and kaa values together with kaw and kwa calculated from the intercept and slope of the plot of 1/S vs. [alcohol]/[water]. The calculated rate constants, kcalc and mol % of ester agree satisfactorily with those of the observed rate constants, kobs and mol % of ester, supporting the stoichiometric solvation effect analysis. The kinetic solvent isotope effects determined in water and methanol are consistent with the proposed mechanism of the general base catalyzed carbonyl addition-elimination.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.212-218
• /
• 2008

We extracted red ginseng with various alcohol concentrations and evaluated total carbohydrate, uronic acid, polyphenols compounds and ginsenoside contents, and yields of alcohol extract. The water extraction (0% alcohol extraction) showed a high level of total carbohydrate content. 10% and 20% alcohol extraction showed the highest uronic acid contents (7,978.8 and $7,872.7\;{\mu}g/mL$ of extract, respectively). The efficiency order of the red ginseng extract (RGE) preparations in liberating polyphenols was: $0{\sim}50%$ alcohol${\geq}\;60%$ alcohol> $70{\sim}90%$ alcohol. Solid contents in RGE were decreased with increased alcohol concentration; the same tendency as with the results of total carbohydrate content. Total ginsenoside contents in $20{\sim}50%$ alcohol extracts showed similar levels ($442,962.9{\sim}47,930.8\;{\mu}g/mL$ of extract). Water extraction showed the lowest ginsenoside content ($14,509.4\;{\mu}g/mL$ of extract). The ginsenoside contents at above 60% alcohol were decreased with increased alcohol concentration. Generally, ginsenoside (Rg2, Rg1, Rf, Re, Rd, Rb2, Rc and Rb1) contents were increased with increased alcohol concentrations. However, Rg3 content was decreased with increases in alcohol concentration.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.351-356
• /
• 2004

A transdermal preparation containing diclofenac diethylammonium (DDA) was developed using an O/W microemulsion system. Of the oils tested, lauryl alcohol was chosen as the oil phase of the microemulsion, as it showed a good solubilizing capacity and excellent skin permeation rate of the drug. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed to obtain the concentration range of oil, surfactant and cosurfactant for microemulsion formation, and the effect of these additives on skin permeation of DDA was evaluated with excised rat skins. The optimum formulation of the microemulsion consisted of 1.16% of DDA, 5% of lauryl alcohol, 60% of water in combination with the 34.54% of Labrasol (surfactant)/ethanol (cosurfactant) (1:2). The efficiency of formulation in the percutaneous absorption of DDA was dependent upon the contents of water and lauryl alcohol as well as Labrasol: ethanol mixing ratio. It was concluded that the percutaneous absorption of DDA from microemulsions was enhanced with increasing the lauryl alcohol and water contents, and with decreasing the Labrasol:ethanol mixing ratio in the formulation.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.140-144
• /
• 2002

Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide was carried out in the media of methyl alcohol/$H_2O$ mixtures using hydroxypropyl cellulose and ammonium persulfate as steric stabilizer and initiator, respectively. The effects of concentrations of initiator and steric stabilizer, amount of monomer, polymerization temperature, methyl alcohol/$H_2O$ ratio, and purification of monomer and nitrogen purge on the particle size of the latices and molecular weight of the polymers were investigated. The average particle diameter increased with increasing concentration of initiator, water content in methyl alcohol/$H_2O$ media, and polymerization temperature, but decreased with monomer and stabilizer concentrations. The viscosity average molecular weight increased with increasing concentrations of monomer, steric stabilizer, and water content in dispersion media, but decreased with initiator concentration and polymerization temperature. The PAM polymers prepared with the purified monomer and the nitrogen purging before the reaction showed the highest molecular weight.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.35 no.2 s.137
• /
• pp.175-178
• /
• 2004

The cricket has been used in East Asia as crude drugs for treating fever and hypertension, and is presently reared as a pharmaceutical insect in China and a food for animals. For the purpose of evaluating protective extracts against alcohol-induced toxicity, the extracts of the cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) were examined in animal models acutely administered alcohol by the cricket in ICR-mice. Water and methanol extracts from the cricket, were found to cause a significant decrease (37%) in the blood ethanol concentration as well as enhancement of liver mitochondrial alcohol dehydogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydogenase (ALDH) activitieson on a single intraperitoneal administration in mice. Futhermore methanol extract was demonstrated to exhibit more potent enhancing activity on ethanol metabolism than water extract. These results suggest that water/alcohol extract of G. bimaculatus may be used as a food for reducing the toxicity of alcohol.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.10-16
• /
• 1997

To confirm the possibility of seaweed extracts for functional food, water or ethyl alcohol solubles were extracted from laver, Porphyra yezoensis and evaluated those food components such as proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, taurine, pigments and browning extent. The amount of proteins, polysaccharides and nucleic acids extracted decreased with increasing ethyl alcohol concentration, which was maximal when water was used as extraction solvent. The extractability of proteins, polysaccharides and nucleic acids was different between the dried and the roasted laver. Taurine was extracted about 1% from the dried and the roasted laver in the range of o~7o% ethyl alcohol concentration. The amount of carotenoids extracted by 95% ethyl alcohol from the dried and the roasted laver were 146.6 and 138.4mg%, respectively, which was 66 ~ 80% of yield extracted by methanol/acetone(1/1) solvent. The browning value of 50 ~6o% ethyl alcohol extraction group from roasted laver was highest among water/ethyl alcohol extraction group. The extraction yield was maximum when laver was extracted with water, and the value was 26.3% for the dried laver and 27.5% for the roasted layer. Organoleptic characteristics from four kinds of extraction groups containing hot water extraction showed that extracts from the roasted laver were evaluated most eminent and thought to be applicable to various preparation of food.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.127-149
• /
• 2005

This study is designed to investigate the method of manufacturing herbal acupuncture through literature of oriental medicine. The findings of this study are as follows; 1. The methods of manufacturing herbal acupuncture go through the process of abstraction, purification, mixing, filtration, putting and tight sealing in the container, sterilization, quality control, printing and packing 2. There are many ways to manufacturing herbal acupuncture, for example water-alcohol precipitation, alcohol-water precipitation, liquid-liquid abstract, acid-base abstract, metal base precipitation, distillation, molecular structure, polyamide absorption, dialysis, and ion exchange, etc. And popular method is water-alcohol precipitation. This is through alcohol precipitate extracting the principal ingredients from water abstraction. This is very simple and efficient way using melting characteristics of compounds in herb to water and ethanol. 3. Sterilization of herbal acupuncture is through heating-pressure, boiling, steam flowing, low temperature, filtering, radiation, cooling, and microwaves. Nowadays filtering is commonly used. And sterilization is estimated by an examination of asepsis . 4. Herbal acupuncture must be undergo study and experiment to clinical use. The problems of herbal acupuncture are turbidity, instability, causing hemolysis, pain, and fever. So many provisions (addition, sterilization, and filtration etc.) must be prepared. 5. The theory of manufacturing herbal acupuncture is from oriental medicine, not western. So it must be corresponded to oriental medical theory, for example Gimi(氣味), Guigyung(歸經), Ingyung(引經), Bosa(補瀉), and Match of Herb. It is recommended that further study of many other sided investigations in the future.