• 제목/요약/키워드: Wild rice seed

검색결과 29건 처리시간 0.024초

청주 소로리 유적의 제4기 퇴적층과 볍씨 출토의 의미 재고찰 (Rethinking of Quaternary deposits and implication of rice seeds in Cheongju Sorori Site, Korea)

  • 김주용;양동윤;이상헌;남욱현
    • 한국제4기학회지
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.13-22
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    • 2017
  • 금강 중류의 소로리 고기 하성퇴적층의 형성시기는 해면변동성 하안단구를 적용시켜 최종 간빙기(MIS 5)로 추정되며, 신기 하성퇴적층은 최종빙기최성기(MIS 2) 이후의 뵐링-알러뢰드 간빙기(12,700~14,700 cal-yrBP)를 포함하며, 이후 영드라이아스기(11,700~12,900 cal-yrBP)에 걸치는 것으로 해석된다. 소로리 유적의 신기 하성퇴적층 중에서 Oryza rufipogon 등 같은 야생벼가 출토되는 중부 토탄층 상부는 보정연대로 약 15,000년전 이후에 형성되었다. 소로리 유적에서는 화분대 OC-2 상부구간에서는 화분조성상 아고산성 침엽수림보다는 낙엽활엽수로의 천이가 뚜렷한 편이다. 특히 중부 토탄층의 상부에 해당하는 OC-2 화분대는 B/A아간빙기에 형성되었다. 이 기간은 청주소로리 볍씨가 온난기의 화분 및 배후습지성 곤충들과 공반 출토되었던 만빙기(Lastest Glacial) 기간 중으로 간주되며 상대적으로 현재와 유사한 온난한 기후가 나타났던 시기로 볼 수 있다.

Inhibition of Seed Germination and Induction of Systemic Disease Resistance by Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 Requires Phenazine Production Regulated by the Global Regulator, GacS

  • Kang, Beom-Ryong;Han, Song-Hee;Zdor, Rob E.;Anderson, Anne J.;Spencer, Matt;Yang, Kwang-Yeol;Kim, Yong-Hwan;Lee, Myung-Chul;Cho, Baik-Ho;Kim, Young-Cheol
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.586-593
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    • 2007
  • Seed coating by a phenazine-producing bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6, induced dose-dependent inhibition of germination in wheat and barley seeds, but did not inhibit germination of rice or cucumber seeds. In wheat seedlings grown from inoculated seeds, phenazine production levels near the seed were higher than in the roots. Deletion of the gacS gene reduced transcription from the genes required for phenazine synthesis, the regulatory phzI gene and the biosynthetic phzA gene. The inhibition of seed germination and the induction of systemic disease resistance against a bacterial soft-rot pathogen, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, were impaired in the gacS and phzA mutants of P chlororaphis O6. Culture filtrates of the gacS and phzA mutants of P. chlororaphis O6 did not inhibit seed germination of wheat, whereas that of the wild-type was inhibitory. Our results showed that the production of phenazines by P. chlororaphis O6 was correlated with reduced germination of barley and wheat seeds, and the level of systemic resistance in tobacco against E. carotovora.

Physiology, genomics and molecular approaches for lmproving abiotic stress tolerance in rice and impacts on poor farmers

  • Ismail, Abdelbagi M.;Kumar, Arivnd;Singh, R.K.;Dixit, Shalabh;Henry, Amelia;Singh, Uma S.
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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    • pp.7-7
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    • 2017
  • Unfavorable weather and soil conditions reduce rice yield and land and water productivity, aggravating existing encounters of poverty and food insecurity. These conditions are foreseen to worsen with climate change and with the unceasing irrational human practices that progressively debilitate productivity despite global appeals for more food. Our understanding of plant responses to abiotic stresses is advancing and is complex, involving numerous critical processes - each controlled by several genetic factors. Knowledge of the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in signaling, response and adaptation, and in some cases the genes involved, is advancing. Moreover, the genetic diversity being unveiled within cultivated rice and its wild relatives is providing ample resources for trait and gene discovery, and this is being scouted for rice improvement using modern genomics and molecular tools. Development of stress tolerant varieties is now being fast-tracked through the use of DNA markers and advanced breeding strategies. Large numbers of drought, submergence and salt tolerant varieties were commercialized over recent years in South and Southeast Asia and more recently in Africa. These varieties are making significant changes in less favorable areas, transforming lives of smallholder farmers - progress considered incredulous in the past. The stress tolerant varieties are providing assurance to farmers to invest in better management of their crops and the ability to adjust their cropping systems for even higher productivity and more income, sparking changes analogous to that of the first green revolution, which previously benefited only favorable irrigated and rainfed areas. New breeding tools using markers for multiple stresses made it possible to develop more resilient, higher yielding varieties to replace the aging and obsolete varieties still dominating these areas. Varieties with multiple stress tolerances are now becoming available, providing even better security for farmers and lessening their production risks even in areas affected by complex and overlapping stresses. The progress made in these less favorable areas triggered numerous favorable changes at the national and regional levels in several countries in Asia, including adjusting breeding and dissemination strategies to accelerate outreach and enabling changes at higher policy levels, creating a positive environment for faster progress. Exploiting the potential of these less productive areas for food production is inevitable, to meet the escalating global needs for more food and sustained production systems, at times when national resources are shrinking while demand for food is mounting. However, the success in these areas requires concerted efforts to make use of existing genetic resources for crop improvement and establishing effective evaluation networks, seed production systems, and seed delivery systems to ensure faster outreach and transformation.

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Ectopic Expression of a Cold-Responsive OsAsr1 cDNA Gives Enhanced Cold Tolerance in Transgenic Rice Plants

  • Kim, Soo-Jin;Lee, Sang-Choon;Hong, Soon Kwan;An, Kyungsook;An, Gynheung;Kim, Seong-Ryong
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제27권4호
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    • pp.449-458
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    • 2009
  • The OsAsr1 cDNA clone was isolated from a cDNA library prepared from developing seed coats of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Low-temperature stress increased mRNA levels of OsAsr1 in both vegetative and reproductive organs. In situ analysis showed that OsAsr1 transcript was preferentially accumulated in the leaf mesophyll tissues and parenchyma cells of the palea and lemma. For transgenic rice plants that over-expressed full-length OsAsr1 cDNA in the sense orientation, the Fv/Fm values for photosynthetic efficiency were about 2-fold higher than those of wild type-segregating plants after a 24-h cold treatment. Seedlings exposed to prolonged low temperatures were more tolerant of cold stress, as demonstrated during wilting and regrowth tests. Interestingly, OsAsr1 was highly expressed in transgenic rice plants expressing the C-repeat/dehyhdration responsive element binding factor 1 (CBF1), suggesting the regulation of OsAsr1 by CBF1. Taken together, we suggest that OsAsr1 gene play an important role during temperature stress, and that this gene can be used for generating plants with enhanced cold tolerance.

조선시대 궁중의 천신(薦新) 식품에 대한 고찰 (A Study of Chunshin(薦新) Ceremony Food Items from Annals of the Chosun Dynastys)

  • 한복진
    • 동아시아식생활학회지
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    • 제12권6호
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    • pp.489-501
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    • 2002
  • The list of monthly offering items of the Chunshin(薦新) ceremony, the service of offering the first food product of year to ancestors, shown in the Walryong(月令) in Oreaeui(五禮儀), the book written in early years of the Chosun dynasty, was studied and classified by food group. Six kinds of the cereals and grain products - barley, wheat, an early-ripening rice plant, a barnyard millet, and millet seed were offered. The meat products offered were wild geese, pheasants, swans, hares and dried-pheasants. Though not shown in e Walryong, roe deer and deer were offered from hunting trips in e winter. Eight kinds of sea-fish, six kinds of fresh-water first and six kinds of other seafood such as crab, octopus, and squid were offered. Ten kinds of vegetables: bamboo shoots, e99plants, cucumbers, etc. - were offered. Eleven kinds of tree fruits - cherries, apricots, Pears, etc., seven kinds of citrus fruits - tangerines, citrons, etc., seven kinds of nuts - chestnuts, pine-nuts, etc. and two kinds of melons - watermelons etc. - were offered. The hi인est variety in the offering items was the fruits category The remaining offering items included wine brewed from new rice. new brown seaweed, and green tea.

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17세기 이전 주식류의 문헌적 고찰 (Investigation of Main Dishes on Literatures before the 17th Century)

  • 김은미;조신호;정낙원;최영진;원선임;차경희;김현숙;이효지
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제22권3호통권93호
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    • pp.314-336
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    • 2006
  • In this treatise, we investigated the Korean literature of main dishes before the 17th century : ${\ulcorner}Sangayorock{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Sasichanyocho{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Soowonjabbang{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Yongjechongwha{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Dongyoebogam{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Domoondaejak{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Geebongyouseul{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}New-Guwhangchalyo{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}Eumshickdimibang{\lrcorner}$,, ${\ulcorner}joobangmoon{\lrcorner}$, and ${\ulcorner}Yorock{\lrcorner}$. Main dishes were classified 19 kinds of rice, 64 kinds of gruel, 6 kinds of thin gruel, 1 kind of Moori, 1 kind of rice-cake soup, 37 kinds of noodles and 20 kinds of dumpling. Rice varieties were brown rice, rice, hulled rice, millet rice, foxtail millet rice, barley rice, sesame rice and flax seed rice. Gruel ingredients were cereal, beans, vegetables, nuts or seeds, medical plants or hardy wild plants, poultry, pork's kidney, dog's liver or oyster, clam and/or milk Rice-cake soup was 'Tangbyun' in ${\ulcorner}Domoondaejak{\lrcorner}$. Noodles were divided by main flours: wheat flour, buckwheat flour, mung bean flour and other flours. Noodles were made by pressing or cutting method. Pressing method used a mold with a hole. The husk of dumpling was made by wheat flour, buckwheat flour, mixed flour of wheat and buckwheat, sliced fish or meat, and/or a gray mullet. Another special method was 'Sangwha' made by fermentation. Bun stuffing of dumpling used fishes, meat, vegetables, beans, flours and seasonings. Cooking methods of dumpling were boiling, baking, steaming and pan-frying. From this investigation of the Korean main dishes described in the Korean literature before the 17th century, we expect to develop useful recipes for those who are concerned about health and want longevity, and thereby to advance the Korean food culture.

한반도 중서부 지역 논습지를 이용하는 조류 현황 (Status of Birds using Rice Fields in Mid-western Part of Korean Peninsula)

  • 남형규;김미란;최그린;장둘리;최승혜;조광진;최락중;최순군;방혜선;나영은;김명현
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제35권2호
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    • pp.143-147
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    • 2016
  • BACKGROUND: Rice fields are one of the most important habitats for various bird species. The list of bird species occurred in rice fields in Korean peninsula have been documented. However, information of listed bird species is included not only rice fields but also other wetland habitats such as lakes, tidal flats and rivers. Therefore, the study was conducted to clarify the status of bird observed in rice fields of Korea.METHODS AND RESULTS: Birds using rice fields defined as birds which forage or rest on rice paddies, levees, ditches and farming roads. Birds using rice fields recorded as total 124 species belonging to 40 families. Anatidae and Scolopacidae were the best represented family, followed by Ardeidae, Accipitridae, Motacillidae and Emberizidae; 50% of species belonged to these six families. 18 of 124 endangered wild species, which designated threatened at the national scale, found in this study regions.CONCLUSION: Despite interest in birds using rice fields of Korean peninsula, knowledge of birds and rice fields there is extremely limited. We need more studies to understand and conserve for birds in rice fields of Korea.

적색종피 돌연변이 벼의 형질특성조사 (Morphological Characteristics of the Rice (Oryza sativa L.) with Red Pigmentation)

  • 모하마드 누룰 마틴;강상구
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.22-26
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    • 2010
  • 벼의 적색 종피 표현형질은 Rc 혹은 Rd 그리고 RdRc 두 개의 복수유전자에 의하여 결정된다. 본 연구에서는 종피에 색소가 있는 돌연변이 벼 7계통을 벼 표현형 돌연변이 군들로부터 분리하였다. 이들 종피색의 돌연변이 형질을 조사한 결과 두 개의 변이체가 갈색의 종피형질을 가졌으며 네 개의 변이체가 적색의 종피형질을 가졌다. 그리고 한 개의 변이체는 종피에 색깔이 없었다. 수확 후 종자의 종피색 표현형질에 관한 정밀조사를 실시한 결과 두개의 갈색종피 돌변이체는 Rc 유전자형 이었으며 네개의 적색종피 돌변이체는 RdRc 유전자형이었다. 또한 종피에 색깔이 없는 한 개의 돌변이체가 Rd 유전자형이었다. 이들 중 동일한 종피색깔을 나타내는 돌연변이 개체들이 단일 돌연변이 개체의 후손인지 여부를 판명하기 위하여 돌변이체들의 초형과 농업형질을 조사한 결과 동일 종피색 돌변이체들의 형질이 서로 상이하므로 각각 서로 다른 돌연변이 계통들로 확인되었다. 그리고 이들 종피색깔 돌연변이들은 초형, 분얼 특징, 임성과 수량성 등을 포함한 농업형질들이 정상 벼의 농업형질들보다 대체로 빈약하고 또한 높은 탈립성을 보였다. 이러한 종피색과 관련된 돌연변이 벼 유전자원은 안토시아닌과 폴리페놀이 풍부하므로 병충해 저항성 품종과 환경스트레스 내성 품종의 육종에 필요할 뿐만 아니라 종피의 색깔을 결정하는 유전자들의 기능을 밝히는 데 중요한 자료로 사용될 것이다.

벼에서 밀 고분자 글루테닌 단백질(TaGlu-Ax1) 발현을 통하여 쌀가루 가공적성 증진을 위한 마커프리(marker-free) 형질전환 벼의 개발 (Development of Marker-free TaGlu-Ax1 Transgenic Rice Harboring a Wheat High-molecular-weight Glutenin Subunit (HMW-GS) Protein)

  • 정남희;전승호;김둘이;이춘석;옥현충;박기도;홍하철;이승식;문중경;박수권
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제26권10호
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    • pp.1121-1129
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    • 2016
  • 밀의 고분자 글루테닌 서브유닛[high molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS)]은 밀가루의 성질을 결정하는데 가장 중요한 요소이며 가공적성을 나타내는데 중요한 역할을 수행한다. 우리는 Agrobacterium 동시 형질전환법을 이용하여 한국 밀 품종인 ‘조경’으로부터 밀 HMW-GS을 암호화하는 TaGlu-Ax1 유전자를 가지는 marker-free 형질전환 벼를 생산하였다. TaGlu-Ax1 유전자의 종자 특이적 발현을 위하여 밀에서 존재하는 TaGlu-Bx7 유전자의 자체 프로모터를 벡터 내에 삽입하였다. 동시 접종을 위해서 오직 TaGlu-Ax1 유전자와 hygromycin phosphotransferase II (HPTII) 저항성 유전자만으로 구성된 두 종류의 발현 카세트를 독립적으로 Agrobacterium EHA105에 도입하였고, TaGlu-Ax1와 HPTII가 도입된 각각의 EHA105 Agrobacterium을 3:1 비율로 혼합하여 벼 캘러스에 접종하였다. 210개의 HPTII 저항성 형질전환체 중에서 벼 게놈에 TaGlu-Ax1과 HPTII가 모두 삽입된 20개의 형질전환 라인을 획득하였다. TaGlu-Ax1와 HPTII가 벼 게놈에 도입된 것을 Southern blot을 통해서 다시 확인하였다. 형질전환 벼 T1 세대의 종자에서 밀 TaGlu-Ax1 유전자가 전사와 번역되어 오직 TaGlu-Ax1만을 가지는 marker-free 식물체를 T1세대에서 성공적으로 선발할 수 있었다. TaGlu-Ax1 유전자가 발현되는 marker-free 형질전환 식물체는 야생형(wild type)과의 표현형 차이는 없었다. 형질전환 벼의 쌀가루의 제빵적성을 비교하였을 때 TaGlu-Ax1 유전자만이 발현되어서는 제빵적성이 더 나아지지 않았다. 그러므로 더 많은 밀 고분자 및 저분자 글루테닌, 글리아딘의 유전자의 집적과 조합이 쌀가루 가공적성을 증진시키는데 필요하다. 결론적으로 TaGlu-Ax1 marker-free 형질전환 벼는 쌀가루 가공적성을 증진시키는데 좋은 재료로 사용될 것이다.

Changes of Germination Rate of Rice Seeds with Variable Status after 10-years of Storage Period

  • Young-yi Lee;Jae-young Song;Jinjoo Bae;Jung-ro Lee;Munsup Yoon
    • 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국자원식물학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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    • pp.38-38
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    • 2021
  • The seeds of rice with variable status were examined the germination rate after 10 years of long-term storage (-18℃) conservation. For seeds of wild relatives, 2 accessions were examined and germination rate of all accessions showed no changed after freezing conservation. For seeds of native germplasm, 1,259 accessions were examined and germination rate of 696 accessions was increased or showed no change after 10 years of long-term storage. Germination rate of 432 accessions was decreased with below 15% of initial germination rate. For 79 accessions of native germplasm, germination rate of seeds was decreased with above 15% of initial germination rate after 10 years of long-term storage, which is needed to be rejuvenated. For seeds of developed varieties, 873 accessions were examined and germination rate of 486 accessions of developed varieties was increased or showed no change after 10 years of long-term storage. Germination rate of 251 accessions was decreased with below 15% of initial germination rate. For 25 accessions of developed varieties, germination rate of seeds was decreased with above 15% of initial germination rate after 10 years of long-term storage, which is needed to be rejuvenated. For seeds of developed line, 2,131 accessions were examined and germination rate of 1,245 accessions of developed line was increased or showed no change after 10 years of long-term storage. Germination rate of 588 accessions was decreased with below 15% of initial germination rate. For 96 accessions, germination rate of seeds was decreased with above 15% of initial germination rate, which is needed to be rejuvenated.

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